Effect of Ibicella lutea (Staph.) Van Eselt. (Martyniaceae) Leaves Extracts in Some Biological Aspects of False Armyworm Insect Lucania loreyi (Dup.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

تضمنت الدراسة الحالية أختبار فعالية مستخلصات المركبات التربينية والقلوانية الخام لأوراق نبات قرن الغزال Ibicella lutea في الأداء الحياتي لحشرة دودة الحشد الكاذبة Lucania loreyi إذ كان لمستخلص المركبات التربينية تأثيرُ واضحً في مختلف حياتية الحشرة, إذ بلغت النسبة المئوية لهلاك البيض في مستخلص المركبات التربينية و القلوانية وبتركيز 2.0 ملغم/ مل (50.0 و 46.7%) على التوالي مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة التي بلغت (0 و 0%), بينما بلغت النسبة المئوية لهلاك الطور اليرقي الأول والسادس (90.3 و 73.3%) عند المعاملة بمستخلص المركبات التربينية على التوالي في التركيز 2.0 ملغم/ مل, اما في مستخلص المركبات القلوانية بلغت النسبة المئوية لهلاك يرقات الطور الاول والسادس (90 و 56.7%) على التوالي في التركيز2.0 ملغم/ مل, وبلغت أعلى نسبة مئوية لهلاك العذارى 80% عند المعاملة بمستخلص المركبات التربينية بتركيز 2.0 ملغم/ مل أما مستخلص المركبات القلوانية فقد بلغت 43.3% بتركيز 2.0 ملغم /مل في حين بلغت النسبة المئوية لهلاك البالغات 63.3% عند المعاملة بمستخلص المركبات التربينية وبتركيز 2.0 ملغم/مل  في حين بلغت 40.0% عند المعاملة بمستخلص المركبات القلوانية وقد بلغت النسبة المئوية للهلاك التراكمي للأدوار غير البالغة عند المعاملة بمستخلص المركبات التربينية والقلوانية (100 و 83.3%) على التوالي بالتركيز2.0 ملغم/ مل.  The present study included test the effectiveness of Turbinoid and Alkaloid compounds extracts from pure leaves of Devil's Claw Ibicella lutea on life performance of false armyworm insect Lucania loreyi, the Turbinoid compounds extract had a clear effect on the various insect lifestyle, the percentage of eggs destruction in the Turbinoid and Alkaloid compounds extract at a concentration of 2.0 mg/ ml reached  (50.0 and 46.7%), respectively, compared with the control treatment that reach (0.0%), The percentage of the destruction of first and sixth larval instar was (90.3 and 73.3%) when transacted with Turbinoid compounds extract respectively at the concentration of 2.0 mg/ ml, while the percentage of destruction of first and sixth larval instar that transacted with Alkaloid compounds extract was reach (90 and 56.7 %) respectively at the concentration of  2.0 mg/ ml, the highest percentage for pupa destruction was reached about 80% when transacted with Turbinoid compounds extract at concentration of 2.0 mg/ ml compared with Alkaloid compounds extract which reached 43.3% at concentration of  2.0 mg/ ml, and the percentage of adult destruction reached 63.3% when transacted with Turbinoid compounds extract at a concentration of  2.0 mg/ ml and reached 40.0% with alkaloid extract, The accumulative percentage of immature phases destruction, when transacted with Turbinoid and Alkaloid compounds, extract reached about (100 and 83.3%), respectively, at a concentration of 2.0 mg/ ml. &nbsp

Accuracy Assessment of 2D and 3D Geometric Correction Models for Different Topography in Iraq

In recent decades, Remote sensing data becomes one of the basic information required for mapping and different applications in geomatics. In this research, different mathematical models in 2D and 3D cases are investigated and comprised in order to assess the accuracy of these models under different conditions of terrain topography. Three high resolution satellite QuickBird images of three different study areas, with respect to their topography have been used in this work. In this research, the 2D mathematical models which were used, 1st, 2nd order polynomial, and projective transformation model while, the 3D mathematical models used were, 1st, 2nd order 3D polynomial, and direct linear transformation model. All these methods are applied for each study area and evaluated through the Matlab environment facilitie

Marine resources of Kuwait: Their role in development of non-oil resources.

Since the early 1950's Kuwait's economy has changed from one basically dependent upon marine enterprises to an oil-dominated one. Today Kuwait is completely dependent upon oil revenues and the traditional marine activities have declined in importance. However oil revenues will not sustain Kuwait's economy indefinitely and consequently it is necessary to begin to diversify the economy now so as to secure the country's future. The marine and trade sectors are likely to provide the forms for such diversification and the possibilities for developing these interrelated sectors form the basis of this thesis. The first chapter examines the role of oil in Kuwait's economic life and development, while the next chapter deals with the physical characteristics of the study area. Chapter three outlines the background to population and economic growth. The fourth chapter will discuss the historical background. The next five chapters form the core of the thesis and examine trade and invisible trade shipping and the fishing industry respectively. Finally, prospects for developing other parts of the marine sector are examined. It is shown that oil still dominates Kuwait's economy and that the prospects for developing agriculture and industry as alternative sectors are limited due to geographical constraints. Because of Kuwait's strategic location, the prospects for developing trade are greater, particularly certain aspects of invisible trade, such as banking and overseas aid and investment. The importance of regional co-operation in this context is also stressed. Similarly, the prospects for developing the marine sector are also seen as considerable, particularly in fishing. Thus, it is concluded that with Kuwait's capital resources derived from oil, it should be possible for the country to achieve a sufficient level of diversification in the future to offset to some extent its complete dependence upon oil. Finally it is hoped that this study has shed some light on the importance of the trade and marine sectors to Kuwait, sectors which have hitherto been largely neglected, and will lead to further studies in this field

An Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithm for Fake News Detection

Fake news is a growing concern in the age of social media, as it can spread rapidly and have serious consequences. To combat this issue, machine learning techniques have been used for fake news detection. In this study, we propose two models, LSTM and SVM, for fake news detection. The LSTM model is a deep learning algorithm that is particularly suited to sequential data such as text. It can capture long-term dependencies in the text and has shown promising results in natural language processing tasks. The SVM model, on the other hand, is a classical machine learning algorithm that has been widely used for classification tasks. To evaluate the performance of the proposed models, we conducted experiments on a dataset of news articles. Our results show that both models achieve high accuracy in detecting fake news. However, the LSTM model outperforms the SVM model with an accuracy of 94% compared to 89%. Furthermore, we conducted a feature importance analysis to determine the most important features for detecting fake news. The results show that the presence of certain words and phrases, such as "unverified" and "anonymous sources", are strong indicators of fake news. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of using machine learning techniques, particularly LSTM and SVM, for detecting fake news. This research can be applied to assist individuals and organizations in identifying and combating fake news in the digital age

Dead on arrival in a low-income country: results from a multicenter study in Pakistan

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the characteristics of dead on arrival (DOA) patients in Pakistan. METHODS: Data about the DOA patients were extracted from Pakistan National Emergency Department Surveillance study (Pak-NEDS). This study recruited all ED patients presenting to seven tertiary care hospitals during a four-month period between November 2010 and March 2011. This study included patients who were declared dead-on-arrival by the ED physician. RESULTS: A total of 1,557 DOA patients (7 per 1,000 visits) were included in the Pak-NEDS. Men accounted for two-thirds (64%) of DOA patients. Those aged 20-49 years accounted for about 46% of DOA patients. Nine percent (n = 72) of patients were brought by ambulance, and most patients presented at a public hospital (80%). About 11% of DOA patients had an injury. Factors significantly associated (p \u3c 0.05) with ambulance use were men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.72), brought to a private hospital (OR = 2.74), and being injured (aOR = 1.89). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed on 6% (n = 42) of patients who received treatment. Those brought to a private hospital were more likely to receive CPR (aOR = 2.81). CONCLUSION: This study noted a higher burden of DOA patients in Pakistan compared to other resourceful settings (about 1 to 2 per 1,000 visits). A large proportion of patients belonging to productive age groups, and the low prevalence of ambulance and CPR use, indicate a need for improving the prehospital care and basic life support training in pakistan

Prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes, and Its associated risk factors among males in Saudi Arabia: A population-based survey

Objectives: The study aims at determining the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes and at ascertaining some concomitant risk factorsamong males in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study including 381 Saudi adult males from different institutions was recruited. Odds ratios for diabetes risk and risk factors were calculated using log-binomial and multinomial logistic regression, using STATA version 12.Results: The participants included 381 diabetic males with a median age of 45 years, average body mass index of 25 ± 40 kg/m2, whereas waist circumferences ranged from 66 to 180 cm in the male study population. In addition, 27.82% had normal BMI, 32.28% were overweight, and 36.22% were obese. Around 36% had higher waist circumference, that is, \u3e102 cm. Age, BMI, marital status, and educational attainment were statistically significant predictors for prediabetes and diabetes.Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 9.2% and 27.6%, respectively, for male Al-Kharj study population. The factors that increase the risk of diabetes and prediabetes include older age, obesity and overweight, being married, smoker, and having a civilian job and less education. All these factors were found statistically significant except smoking status and job type. In order to evaluate the causal relationship of these factors, prospective studies are required in future

Evaluation of an entraining droplet activation parameterization using in situ cloud data

This study investigates the ability of a droplet activation parameterization (which considers the effects of entrainment and mixing) to reproduce observed cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) in ambient clouds. Predictions of the parameterization are compared against cloud averages of CDNC from ambient cumulus and stratocumulus clouds sampled during CRYSTAL‐FACE (Key West, Florida, July 2002) and CSTRIPE (Monterey, California, July 2003), respectively. The entrainment parameters required by the parameterization are derived from the observed liquid water content profiles. For the cumulus clouds considered in the study, CDNC is overpredicted by 45% with the adiabatic parameterization. When entrainment is accounted for, the predicted CDNC agrees within 3.5%. Cloud‐averaged CDNC for stratocumulus clouds is well captured when entrainment is not considered. In all cases considered, the entraining parameterization compared favorably against a statistical correlation developed from observations to treat entrainment effects on droplet number. These results suggest that including entrainment effects in the calculation of CDNC, as presented here, could address important overprediction biases associated with using adiabatic CDNC to represent cloud‐scale average values

Neutrophil extracellular traps and long COVID

Post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, commonly known as long COVID, encompasses a range of systemic symptoms experienced by a significant number of COVID-19 survivors. The underlying pathophysiology of long COVID has become a topic of intense research discussion. While chronic inflammation in long COVID has received considerable attention, the role of neutrophils, which are the most abundant of all immune cells and primary responders to inflammation, has been unfortunately overlooked, perhaps due to their short lifespan. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the persistent inflammatory response observed in long COVID patients. We present early evidence linking the persistence of NETs to pulmonary fibrosis, cardiovascular abnormalities, and neurological dysfunction in long COVID. Several uncertainties require investigation in future studies. These include the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 brings about sustained neutrophil activation phenotypes after infection resolution; whether the heterogeneity of neutrophils seen in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection persists into the chronic phase; whether the presence of autoantibodies in long COVID can induce NETs and protect them from degradation; whether NETs exert differential, organ-specific effects; specifically which NET components contribute to organ-specific pathologies, such as pulmonary fibrosis; and whether senescent cells can drive NET formation through their pro-inflammatory secretome in long COVID. Answering these questions may pave the way for the development of clinically applicable strategies targeting NETs, providing relief for this emerging health crisis

High-normal blood glucose levels may be associated with decreased spatial perception in young healthy adults.

The negative effects of high normal glucose on cognitive function were previously reported in euglycemic individuals of middle age and the elderly population. This study aimed at examining the effect of baseline blood glucose levels on spatial ability, specifically verticality perception on the computerized rod and frame test (CRFT) in young healthy adults. 63 healthy male medical students (age range from 18-23 years), of whom 30 were non-fasting outside the month of Ramadan and 33 fasting during Ramadan of the year 2016, were recruited in order to create varying degrees of glycemia during which verticality perception was carried out. Baseline blood glucose reading was obtained prior to commencing the CRFT test. Blood glucose levels at the time of testing decreased as the duration between the last meal and testing increased. A blood glucose range of 62-117 mg/dl was achieved among participants for this study. Linear regression analysis showed that blood glucose level at testing correlated positively with all alignment spatial error parameters, indicating a probable reduction of spatial perception ability with higher blood glucose levels. These results are consistent with other cognitive studies in older healthy humans and emphasize the critical impact of early glucose dys-homeostasis on cognitive function. They also indicate that elevated blood glucose may affect cognitive functioning outside of the usual complications of diabetes

Engaging terminally ill patients in end of life talk: How experienced palliative medicine doctors navigate the dilemma of promoting discussions about dying

Objective: To examine how palliative medicine doctors engage patients in end-of-life (hereon, EoL) talk. To examine whether the practice of “eliciting and responding to cues”, which has been widely advocated in the EoL care literature, promotes EoL talk. Design: Conversation analysis of video- and audio-recorded consultations. Participants: Unselected terminally ill patients and their companions in consultation with experienced palliative medicine doctors. Setting: Outpatient clinic, day therapy clinic, and inpatient unit of a single English hospice. Results: Doctors most commonly promoted EoL talk through open elaboration solicitations; these created opportunities for patients to introduce Ð then later further articulate Ð EoL considerations in such a way that doctors did not overtly ask about EoL matters. Importantly, the wording of elaboration solicitations avoided assuming that patients had EoL concerns. If a patient responded to open elaboration solicitations without introducing EoL considerations, doctors sometimes pursued EoL talk by switching to a less participatory and more presumptive type of solicitation, which suggested the patient might have EoL concerns. These more overt solicitations were used only later in consultations, which indicates that doctors give precedence to patients volunteering EoL considerations, and offer them opportunities to take the lead in initiating EoL talk. There is evidence that doctors treat elaboration of patients’ talk as a resource for engaging them in EoL conversations. However, there are limitations associated with labelling that talk as “cues” as is common in EoL communication contexts. We examine these limitations and propose “possible EoL considerations” as a descriptively more accurate term. Conclusions: Through communicating Ð via open elaboration solicitations Ð in ways that create opportunities for patients to volunteer EoL considerations, doctors navigate a core dilemma in promoting EoL talk: giving patients opportunities to choose whether to engage in conversations about EoL whilst being sensitive to their communication needs, preferences and state of readiness for such dialogue