Anti –phytopathogenic Activities of Cladophora glomerata extract against plant fungi

The antiphytopathogenic effects of the crude methanol extract of Cladophora glomerata (Lin.) Kützing (Cladophoraceae) which isolated from Al Rashidiya region at north of Baghdad was investigated against two type of plant fungi (Pythium altimum and Rhizoctonia solani) which causes damping off disease where isolated from covered cucumber field in Al-Alyosifia region. Hot methanol extract showed antifungal activity against the two species of fungi in different concentrations(10,25,50 mg/ml) of extract to Cladophora glomerata as percentage inhibition (51.63 ,72.8 ,83.71) and (56.18 ,77.41 ,100)comparing with Pythium altimum and Rhizoctonia solani respectively .primary detection of active compounds showed that macroalgae (Cladophora glomerata) containing flavonoids,alkaloids, phenols and tannins. Our findings suggest the possibility of using the Cladophora glomerata as a novel source of natural antimicrobial agents for pharmaceutical industries

EFFECT OF SOAKING WITH ATONIC, WATER HYACINTHS COMPOST AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON VEGETATIVE AND FLOWERING GROWTH OF TUBEROSE

This study was aimed to investigate effect of soaking Polianthes tuberosa L. bulbs in Atonic solution and inoculation with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Glomus mosseae, and fertilizing with two levels (3% and 4%) of water hyacinths  Compost on some vegetative and floral growth characters of the Peral variety of tuberose plants in a Factorial experiment during spring season of 2022 using a randomized completely block design with three replicates. Tuberose bulbs were planted in black plastic bags containing 6 kg of a sandy loam soil. The results of the three-way interaction showed that the treatment of soaking with Atonic, inoculation with the combination of the biofertilizer, and fertilization with 4% level of water hyacinths Compost significantly outperformed other treatments in plant height, number of inflorescences, dry weight of flowers, vase life, and aromatic oil concentration with values of 47.33 cm, 55.33 inflorescences plant-1, 5.78 grams, 16 days,and 0.71% respectively, compared to the control treatment which resulted in values of 21.67 cm, 5.67 inflorescences plant-1, 1.81 grams, 8 days,and 0.42% respectively

Cellular and humoral immune response of three chicken strains of broilers to avian infectious bronchitis vaccines

The aim of this study was to know, which of broiler strains have the best cellular and humoral immune response against infectious bronchitis virus vaccines (IBVv). Differences in genetic immune response and susceptibility are known for many of the major viral pathogens of poultry. Consequently, the study was done. An increase in the level of humoral and cellular immunity provides a possible means of enhancing protection of flocks against IBVv. One-day-old consist of three chicken strain of broilers (Cobb 500, Ross 308 and Hubbard F-15) were assigned into six equal groups of 25 bird as fallow G1, G2 and G3 were vaccinated with IBV Ma5 strain at day 8 and with 4/91 strain at day 21, while the last three groups G4, G5 and G6 did not vaccinated with IB vaccine. All groups were vaccinated with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. After completing the immune tests Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Phytohemagglotnin (PHA)-skin test and lymphoid organs indices it turned out that the Hubbard chicken strain had the lowest and slowest immune response in comparison with Ross and Cobb chicken strains

Morphological variability in unrepaired bilateral clefts with and without cleft palate evaluated with geometric morphometrics

In subjects with orofacial clefts, there is an unresolved controversy on the effect of congenital maxillary growth deficiency vs. the effect of surgical intervention on the outcome of treatment. Intrinsic growth impairment in subjects with orofacial clefts can be studied by comparing facial morphology of subjects with untreated cleft and unaffected individuals of the same ethnic background. Bilateral cleft lip and palate is the most severe and least prevalent form of the orofacial cleft. The aim of this study was to compare facial morphology in subjects with unrepaired complete bilateral clefts and unaffected controls using geometric morphometrics. Lateral cephalograms of 39 Indonesian subjects with unrepaired bilateral complete cleft lip and alveolus (mean age: 24 years), or unrepaired bilateral complete cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (mean age: 20.6 years) and 50 age and ethnically matched controls without a cleft (25 males, 25 females, mean age: 21.2 years) were digitized and traced and shape variability was explored using principal component analysis, while differences between groups and genders were evaluated with canonical variate analysis. Individuals with clefts had a more pronounced premaxilla than controls. Principal component analysis showed that facial variation in subjects with clefts occurred in the anteroposterior direction, whereas in controls it was mostly in the vertical direction. Regression analysis with group, sex, and age as covariates and principal components from 1 to 6 as dependent variables demonstrated a very limited effect of the covariates on the facial shape variability (only 11.6% of the variability was explained by the model). Differences between cleft and non-cleft subjects in the direction of facial variability suggest that individuals with bilateral clefts can have an intrinsic growth impairment affecting facial morphology later in life.</p

An Ideal of Retirement Villages Business Model in Malaysia: Analysis of case studies

There are three types of retirement villages development business models: the outright sale model, the lease for life model and the rental model. This paper aims to investigate the influence elements of chosen business models adopted in Malaysia's retirement village development. This study uses a qualitative research method through interviews with the selected developers as case studies. The prominent contemplation for developing retirement villages are sustainability, practicality, profitability and land availability. Local developers have been mindful and creative in implementing their retirement village business models

Microstructure Analysis of Aluminum Alloy and Copper Alloy Circular Shells After Multiaxial Plastic Buckling

Aluminum and copper cylindrical shells were plastically buckled under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions with an Absorption Compression-Torsion Plasticity (ACTP: Patent No. WO 2005090822) combined mechanical testing device. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were used to study the microscopic evolutions in the mechanically buckled aluminum and copper alloy samples. Optical microscopy showed evidence of the presence of second-phase particles in both the aluminum and copper alloys samples. Under dynamic loading aluminum samples showed more energy absorption as compared to copper samples. Material flow lines were more pronounced in the copper samples when observed by optical microscopy. The evidence that supports the increased energy absorption in the aluminum cylindrical shells can be supported by the TEM analysis more than the optical microscopy analysis. The TEM results showed highly oriented textured morphology with the presence of few dislocation cells structures and sub-structures

Analysis of simple sequence repeat markers linked with blast disease resistance genes in a segregating population of rice (Oryza sativa).

Among 120 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 23 polymorphic markers were used to identify the segregation ratio in 320 individuals of an F(2) rice population derived from Pongsu Seribu 2, a resistant variety, and Mahsuri, a susceptible rice cultivar. For phenotypic study, the most virulent blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) pathotype, P7.2, was used in screening of F(2) population in order to understand the inheritance of blast resistance as well as linkage with SSR markers. Only 11 markers showed a good fit to the expected segregation ratio (1:2:1) for the single gene model (d.f. = 1.0, P < 0.05) in chi-square (χ(2)) analyses. In the phenotypic data analysis, the F(2) population segregated in a 3:1 (R:S) ratio for resistant and susceptible plants, respectively. Therefore, resistance to blast pathotype P7.2 in Pongsu Seribu 2 is most likely controlled by a single nuclear gene. The plants from F(2) lines that showed resistance to blast pathotype P7.2 were linked to six alleles of SSR markers, RM168 (116 bp), RM8225 (221 bp), RM1233 (175 bp), RM6836 (240 bp), RM5961 (129 bp), and RM413 (79 bp). These diagnostic markers could be used in marker assisted selection programs to develop a durable blast resistant variety

Krila "Keripik Kelapa Muda"

Coconut is a kind of fruits which has many benefits from almost all of its parts. Unfortunately, coconut processing for consumption is somehow monotonous, especially its flesh. The white flesh of coconut is commonly used in beverages, pudding as well as cakes. The monotonous foods and beverages made of young green coconut flesh may make people get bored. This has encouraged us to make innovation in consuming coconut flesh that is by making coconut crispy chips (KRILA: Keripik Kelapa Muda). The process in making coconut crispy chips is done by using vacuum fryer, that is a kind of vacuum frying device which can keep nutrition of the coconut flesh and keep its color remain the same. The presence of KRILA is expected to give innovation in culinary related to green coconut as well as broaden job vacancy for people particularly in Malang. In order to introduce KRILA to society, several ways are done such as by distributing brochure in tourism places, campus and other public places around Veteran street; giving tester to people in those strategic places to know the society\u27s favorite flavor of KRILA as well as get comment about KRILA, and doing socialization to the society. KRILA has been sold through several ways such as doing direct selling in tourism places, campus, and Veteran street; selling via BBM; and having cooperation with some stores (Toko Karina, Toko Andika, dan Toko Intan)

Identification of genotypes resistant to blast, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight and tungro and efficacy of seed treating fungicides against blast disease of rice

A total of 35 inbred and 13 hybrid varieties including susceptible checks were screened against the 4 major diseases of rice (blast, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight and tungro) as well as experiments on management of blast were conducted in the rain-fed and irrigated rice ecosystems during 1999 to 2003. Results showed that none of the tested high yielding varieties (HYV) were resistant to blast, while the hybrids, sonarbangla1, aalock6201, KRH2, IR71101H, IR68877H and IR76901H, and inbreds BR12, BR15 and IR72 were moderately resistant in the irrigated rice ecosystem. On the other hand, all the varieties tested against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and sheath blight (ShB) were moderately susceptible in the same ecosystem. The inbred varieties BR22, BR25, BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan32, BRRI dhan33, BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan38 and BRRI dhan39 demonstrated moderately resistant reactions but all the hybrids were moderately susceptible to BLB in the rain-fed ecosystem. Eight inbreds, predominantly, BR22, BR23, BRRI dhan27, BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan32, BRRI dhan37, BRRI dhan38 and BRRI dhan40 were moderately resistant to tungro disease. Among the 3 fungicides tested in 2 different trials, adivistin and haydazim 50 WP (carbendazim) at the rate of 0.4% were more effective as seed-treating fungicides for the control of rice blast disease