Bullying in School: Evaluation using CPTED at potential bullying area

Bullying in schools is a worrying phenomenon and has an impact on the safety of school children.  This paper aims to identify potential spaces of bullying behaviour in the school area. The questionnaire and observation checklist is an instrument to determine the frequency of student bullying in specific spaces of a school. Students from Form One until Form Three are the respondents in this research. Three areas with high rates of Bullying which are toilet, class and canteen. The maintenance element is the most crucial factor that space is not visited by students and potential area of Bullying. Keywords: Bullying, school, physical environment, CPTED eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI2.2520

An Overview of Environmental Design Relationship with School Bullying and Future Crime

This article presents an overview of how environmental design is related with school bullying and future crime. Through a discussion of findings from previous studies, gaps in criminology knowledge on the bully-design link and future crime will be highlighted. Bullying is a serious social problem that can affect and impact a student’s future. The previous studies had indicated the link between bullying behaviour and future crime for the bully and the victim. In conclusion, this article will emphasise the need for future research in environmental design and bullying behaviour.Keywords: Environmental design; School bullying; Criminality; CrimeeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i10.163

Mapping Isolated Places in School in Concurrence with Bullying Possibility Elements

This study aims to indicate isolated places in school in concurrence with bullying specific environments and elements. Observation student's density was conducted in the school and analysed using the Geographic Information System (GIS). A thorough observation conducted at the isolated areas using CPTED element checklist. The results of the study reveal that the CPTED element which triggers the isolated places mostly cause by maintenance condition on window and wall. Rather than that, shrubs and decorative sculpture could block the sight in isolated areas. These results may help the school's authorities to optimise existing features to decrease the possibility of bullying.Keywords: CPTED; physical environment, bullyingeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1913

Self-evaluation of medical students on the elective research course

The significance of learning research methodology and performing research has been accepted by various medical schools in Malaysia as well as in other countries. The aim of integrating research into medical curriculum is to inculcate the research culture and form part of the evidence-based practice among medical professionals. Hence, the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak has incorporated the research component into the preclinical year of the medical curriculum. A survey was conducted to gauge the second year medical students’ level of knowledge of research process at the end of the course using a set of questionnaires. Seventy nine of second year medical students participated in the study. The outcome of the study shows significant improvement in the students’ knowledge on research components after completing the one year course (p<.05). Our findings suggest that the course has met its main objectives to make the students better understand the research processes. It is recommended that further evaluation should be conducted to refine the course

A preliminary study on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in selected rural communities in Samarahan and Kuching division, Sarawak, Malaysia

Background: It is important to understand the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, especially in a rural setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 238 rural households located in the Kuching and Samarahan divisions of Sarawak among individuals aged 16 years and above. Anthropometric measurements, blood levels of glucose and cholesterol, and blood pressure were collected. Results: Prevalence of blood pressure in the hypertensive range was 43.1%. The highest rates of blood pressure in the hypertensive range were found in individuals aged above 60 years (38.6%) and 50-59 years old (31.8%). Age was one factor found to be significantly associated with blood pressure in the hypertensive range (P < 0.001). Prevalence of obesity was 49.0%. The highest prevalence of obesity was found among those aged 40-49 years (41.9%) and 50-59 years (29.9%). Gender was significantly associated with obesity (P = 0.004). The prevalence of blood cholesterol at risk was 21.6%, and the highest rate was found in the 40-49 years age group (34.0%). Fifty percent of respondents were found to have hyperglycaemia, with the highest prevalence in the 50-59 years age group (37.5%). A significant association was found between obesity, blood pressure in the hypertensive range and blood glucose level. When compared with non-obese individuals, those who were obese were more likely to have blood pressure in the hypertensive range and hyperglycaemia. Conclusion: The risk of developing lifestyle-related diseases is no longer based on geographical or socio-economic factors

Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among postpartum women attending government primary health care clinics in Malaysia

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important gender-based, social, and public health problem that affects women worldwide, including women who are pregnant or have recently given birth. Studies have shown that violence against women often increases during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study aims to examine lifetime and past-year prevalence of IPVamong postpartum women in Malaysia, and to determine the socio-demographic as well as husband’s/partner’s behavioral factors associated with IPV exposure. This is a nationwide, cross-sectional and clinic-based study involving a total of 5727 women at 6 to 16 weeks postpartum, who attended randomly selected government health clinics between July to November 2016. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained female enumerators based on a pre-validated structured questionnaire, using mobile devices as data collection tools. Chisquared tests and multivariable logistic regressions were used to investigate selected factors associated with IPVexposure. The lifetime and past-year prevalence of any form of IPV among postpartum women were 4.94% (95% CI [3.81,6.39]) and 2.42% (95% CI [1.74,3.35]) respectively, with the highest prevalence being emotional violence, followed by physical and sexual violence. Multivariable analysis showed that husband’s/partner’s behaviors, such as frequent alcohol use, drug use, fighting habits and controlling behaviour were significantly associated with both lifetime and past-year IPV (all p < 0.001 for past-year IPV). These findings suggest that prevention and intervention strategies for IPV should consider the prevention of substance use and reducing controlling behaviors by husband/partner, as well as raising awareness to build healthy relationships through education

Design out crime in school measuring validity and reliability sense of safety in secondary school : a pilot survey / Azna Abdul Wahab and Siti Rasidah Md Sakip

The paper presents the reliability and validity of the 71 items in the questionnaire. A pilot survey was conducted at secondary school in Seri Iskandar Perak to measure the validity and reliability of the instrument. A random sample of53 students from Form 1 and Form 2 students.The results found the level reliability and validity using Cronbach Alpha (a) index for all components of sense of safety are 0.70 and above

A Preliminary Study on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Selected Rural Communities in Samarahan and Kuching Division, Sarawak, Malaysia

Background: It is important to understand the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, especially in a rural setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 238 rural households located in the Kuching and Samarahan divisions of Sarawak among individuals aged 16 years and above. Anthropometric measurements, blood levels of glucose and cholesterol, and blood pressure were collected. Results: Prevalence of blood pressure in the hypertensive range was 43.1%. The highest rates of blood pressure in the hypertensive range were found in individuals aged above 60 years (38.6%) and 50-59 years old (31.8%). Age was one factor found to be significantly associated with blood pressure in the hypertensive range (P < 0.001). Prevalence of obesity was 49.0%. The highest prevalence of obesity was found among those aged 40-49 years (41.9%) and 50-59 years (29.9%). Gender was significantly associated with obesity (P = 0.004). The prevalence of blood cholesterol at risk was 21.6%, and the highest rate was found in the 40-49 years age group (34.0%). Fifty percent of respondents were found to have hyperglycaemia, with the highest prevalence in the 50-59 years age group (37.5%). A significant association was found between obesity, blood pressure in the hypertensive range and blood glucose level. When compared with non-obese individuals, those who were obese were more likely to have blood pressure in the hypertensive range, and hyperglycaemia. Conclusion: The risk of developing lifestyle-related diseases is no longer based on geographical or socio-economic factors

Indigenous Knowledge of Medicinal Plants Used and its Implication towards Health-Seeking Behavior among the Melanau in Pulau Bruit, Sarawak, Malaysia

This article presents findings of a survey and an in-depth interview conducted in Pulau Bruit as part of the research project entitled “Traditional health practices and its implication towards health-seeking behavior among the Melanau in Pulau Bruit: Documentation of local heritage”. The aim of the study is to explore health-seeking behavior related to the use of medicinal plant among the Melanau of Pulau Bruit. The survey data and interview reveals factors such as suitability, accessibility, and effectiveness of treatment plays significant roles in determining the health-seeking behavior of the Melanau community of Pulau Bruit. Although the major trend has shown the use of modern and traditional healing practices was combined, a vast majority of the households used medicinal plants totreat minor ailments. The study also reveals that there was a limited transfer of medicinal plants knowledge between generations within the Melanau community of Pulau Bruit. Furthermor, the decline of medicinal plants knowledge for spiritual purposes suggests that it was affected by numbers of external factors such as religion, change of lifestyle and urbanization. A long history of medicinal plants use in traditional health practices also suggests that it may contain therapeutic effects that can be determined by pharmacological analysis

preliminary phytochemical screening of the potential medicinal plants of the melanau in pulau bruit, sarawak, malaysia

Potential medicinal plants are widely used by Melanau community in Pulau Bruit, Sarawak, Malaysia and their biological and phytochemical properties have not been thorough evaluated. By studying the presence of phytochemical, the uses of it in traditional treatment can be explained scientifically. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed on ethanolic extracts of leaves of Acanthus ebracteatus, Clinacanthus nutans, Derris trifoliata, Erigeron Canadensis, Gynura procumbens, Lygodium microphyllum, Macaranga pruinosa, Poikilospermum cordifolium and the rhizomes of Boesenbergia pulchella and Etlingera littoralis. The phytochemical compounds were determined using conventional chemical tests. Alkaloids were detected in all tested plant with various cloudiness of precipitation except Macaranga pruinosa. Acanthus ebracteatus contains highest concentration of alkaloid. Flavonoids were detected in all tested plant with various strength of the color except for Gynura procumbens. Acanthus ebracteatus and Derris trifoliata contains highest concentration of flavonoids. Saponins were detected in Acanthus ebracteatus, Clinacanthus nutans, Derris trifoliata, Erigeron Canadensis, Gynura procumbens and Macaranga pruinosa with various length of froth. Tannins were detected in all samples with either brownish-green or blue-blue black colour appearance. It can be concluded that all tested plants do content promising pharmacology properties based on the presence of various secondary metabolites