Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin determination in chili pepper genotypes using ultra-fast liquid chromatography

Research was carried out to estimate the levels of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin that may be found in some heat tolerant chili pepper genotypes and to determine the degree of pungency as well as percentage capsaicin content of each of the analyzed peppers. A sensitive, precise, and specific ultra fast liquid chromatographic (UFLC) system was used for the separation, identification and quantitation of the capsaicinoids and the extraction solvent was acetonitrile. The method validation parameters, including linearity, precision, accuracy and recovery, yielded good results. Thus, the limit of detection was 0.045 µg/kg and 0.151 µg/kg for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, respectively, whereas the limit of quantitation was 0.11 µg/kg and 0.368 µg/kg for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. The calibration graph was linear from 0.05 to 0.50 µg/g for UFLC analysis. The inter- and intra-day precisions (relative standard deviation) were <5.0% for capsaicin and <9.9% for dihydrocapsaicin while the average recoveries obtained were quantitative (89.4%–90.1% for capsaicin, 92.4%–95.2% for dihydrocapsaicin), indicating good accuracy of the UFLC method. AVPP0705, AVPP0506, AVPP0104, AVPP0002, C05573 and AVPP0805 showed the highest concentration of capsaicin (12,776, 5,828, 4,393, 4,760, 3,764 and 4,120 µg/kg) and the highest pungency level, whereas AVPP9703, AVPP0512, AVPP0307, AVPP0803 and AVPP0102 recorded no detection of capsaicin and hence were non-pungent. All chili peppers studied except AVPP9703, AVPP0512, AVPP0307, AVPP0803 and AVPP0102 could serve as potential sources of capsaicin. On the other hand, only genotypes AVPP0506, AVPP0104, AVPP0002, C05573 and AVPP0805 gave a % capsaicin content that falls within the pungency limit that could make them recommendable as potential sources of capsaicin for the pharmaceutical industry

Microstructure Analysis of Aluminum Alloy and Copper Alloy Circular Shells After Multiaxial Plastic Buckling

Aluminum and copper cylindrical shells were plastically buckled under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions with an Absorption Compression-Torsion Plasticity (ACTP: Patent No. WO 2005090822) combined mechanical testing device. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were used to study the microscopic evolutions in the mechanically buckled aluminum and copper alloy samples. Optical microscopy showed evidence of the presence of second-phase particles in both the aluminum and copper alloys samples. Under dynamic loading aluminum samples showed more energy absorption as compared to copper samples. Material flow lines were more pronounced in the copper samples when observed by optical microscopy. The evidence that supports the increased energy absorption in the aluminum cylindrical shells can be supported by the TEM analysis more than the optical microscopy analysis. The TEM results showed highly oriented textured morphology with the presence of few dislocation cells structures and sub-structures

Morphological variability in unrepaired bilateral clefts with and without cleft palate evaluated with geometric morphometrics

In subjects with orofacial clefts, there is an unresolved controversy on the effect of congenital maxillary growth deficiency vs. the effect of surgical intervention on the outcome of treatment. Intrinsic growth impairment in subjects with orofacial clefts can be studied by comparing facial morphology of subjects with untreated cleft and unaffected individuals of the same ethnic background. Bilateral cleft lip and palate is the most severe and least prevalent form of the orofacial cleft. The aim of this study was to compare facial morphology in subjects with unrepaired complete bilateral clefts and unaffected controls using geometric morphometrics. Lateral cephalograms of 39 Indonesian subjects with unrepaired bilateral complete cleft lip and alveolus (mean age: 24 years), or unrepaired bilateral complete cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (mean age: 20.6 years) and 50 age and ethnically matched controls without a cleft (25 males, 25 females, mean age: 21.2 years) were digitized and traced and shape variability was explored using principal component analysis, while differences between groups and genders were evaluated with canonical variate analysis. Individuals with clefts had a more pronounced premaxilla than controls. Principal component analysis showed that facial variation in subjects with clefts occurred in the anteroposterior direction, whereas in controls it was mostly in the vertical direction. Regression analysis with group, sex, and age as covariates and principal components from 1 to 6 as dependent variables demonstrated a very limited effect of the covariates on the facial shape variability (only 11.6% of the variability was explained by the model). Differences between cleft and non-cleft subjects in the direction of facial variability suggest that individuals with bilateral clefts can have an intrinsic growth impairment affecting facial morphology later in life.</p

Krila "Keripik Kelapa Muda"

Coconut is a kind of fruits which has many benefits from almost all of its parts. Unfortunately, coconut processing for consumption is somehow monotonous, especially its flesh. The white flesh of coconut is commonly used in beverages, pudding as well as cakes. The monotonous foods and beverages made of young green coconut flesh may make people get bored. This has encouraged us to make innovation in consuming coconut flesh that is by making coconut crispy chips (KRILA: Keripik Kelapa Muda). The process in making coconut crispy chips is done by using vacuum fryer, that is a kind of vacuum frying device which can keep nutrition of the coconut flesh and keep its color remain the same. The presence of KRILA is expected to give innovation in culinary related to green coconut as well as broaden job vacancy for people particularly in Malang. In order to introduce KRILA to society, several ways are done such as by distributing brochure in tourism places, campus and other public places around Veteran street; giving tester to people in those strategic places to know the society\u27s favorite flavor of KRILA as well as get comment about KRILA, and doing socialization to the society. KRILA has been sold through several ways such as doing direct selling in tourism places, campus, and Veteran street; selling via BBM; and having cooperation with some stores (Toko Karina, Toko Andika, dan Toko Intan)

Optimizing of planting density on the growth and yield of aromatic fine rice in rainfed condition

A field experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during July to December, 2010, in view to find out the optimum plant spacing for the highest yield of aromatic fine rice grown in rain fed season. The experiment was carried out with four aromatic fine rice (V1= BRRI dhan34, V2= Ukunimadhu, V3= Basmati and V4= Kataribhog) and four different plant spacings (S1= 15cm×15cm, S2= 20cm × 15cm, S3= 20cm × 20cm, S4= 20cm × 25cm). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications assigning variety in the main plot and the spacing in the sub plot. It was observed that almost all the plant characters and yield were significantly affected by the aromatic fine rice and plant spacing. Among the spacings tested against the four varieties, the highest grain yield was obtained at 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm spacing. The spacing 20 cm×15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm were proven more appropriate because it produced more number of effective tillers hill-1 more number of grains panicle-1 and ultimately produced the higher grain yield than other two spacings. Among the varieties Kataribhog, Basmati and Ukunimadhu produced higher grain yield at 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm

Passively Q-Switched pulse erbium doped fiber laser using Antimony (III) Telluride (Sb2Te3) thin film as saturable absorber

This paper demonstrates on an antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) thin film sandwiched between two fiber ferrule as saturable absorber for Qswitched pulsed Erbium doped fiber (EDF) laser. The saturable absorber is fabricated by dissolving Antimony (III) Telluride powder into PVA solution and dry in the ambient temperature for 48 hours. Then, 1 mm2 x 1 mm2 Sb2Te3-PVA film based saturable absorber is sandwiched in between FC/PC ferrule for Q-switched laser generation. The modulation depth of the Sb2Te3 is measured as 28.01% with input intensity 0.02 MW/cm2 . The developed passive saturable absorber integrated in EDF laser in ring cavity and the characterised pulse is with repetition rates of 30.21 kHz, shortest pulse width of 3.26 µs and signal-noise-ratio (SNR) of 42 dB. The maximum output pulse energy is achieved at pump power 69.5 mW with 29.5 nJ and the output power 0.89 mW

Effect of number of seedling hill-1 on the growth and yield of aromatic fine rice varieties in rain fed condition

A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the rain fed condition in July to December, 2011, with a view to study the performance of aromatic fine rice under different number of seedling hill-1. The experiment was carried out with four aromatic fine rice varieties (V1= BRRI dhan34, V2= Ukunimadhu, V3= Basmati and V4= Kataribhog) and four different number of seedling hill-1 (N1= one number of seedling hill-1, N2= two number of seedling hill-1, N3= three number of seedling hill-1 and N4= four number of seedling hill-1). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications assigning variety in the main plot and the four different number of seedling hill-1in the sub plot. Experimental result showed that aromatic fine rice varieties and number of seedling hill-1 individually had significant effect on the agronomic parameters except number of non-effective tiller hill-1, number of unfilled spikelets panicle-1, 1000-grain wt (g). The highest grain yield (2.32 t ha-1) was obtained in Kataribhog, which, was similar to Basmati (2.31 t ha-1) followed by Ukunimadhu. The highest grain yield was (2.31 t ha-1) with two number of seedling hill-1 which was statistically similar to three number of seedling hill-1 (1.96 t ha-1) but different from single number of seedling hill-1 and four number of seedling hill-1.The lowest grain yield were with one and four number of seedling hill-1 but straw yield (5.00 t ha-1) was significeantly higher with four number of seedling hill-1. Combined effect showed that two number of seedling hill-1 produced highest grain yield by all the variety. In later of number of four seedling hill-1 production of grain yield was decreased. BRRI dhan34, Ukunimadhu, Basmati and Kataribhog with two number of seedling hill-1 can be suggested in rainfed condition of Bangladesh

Effect of date of transplanting on yield and yield attributing characters of aromatic fine rice in rainfed condition

A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the rainfed season in June to December, 2011, with a view to study the performance of aromatic fine rice under different dates of transplanting. The experiment was carried out with four aromatic fine rice varieties (V1–BRRI dhan 34, V2–Ukunimadhu, V3–Basmati and V4–Kataribhog) and three different dates of transplanting (D1–30 July, D2–15 August and D3–30 August). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications assigning variety in the main plot and the three different dates of transplanting in the sub-plot. Experimental result showed that aromatic fine rice varieties and dates of transplanting individually had significant effect on the agronomic parameters. The combined effect differed significantly for all the agronomic characters. The highest grain yield (3.11 t/ha) was obtained in Kataribhog, which was similar to Basmati (2.75 t/ha) followed by Ukunimadhu. The highest grain yield obtained in 15 August date of transplanting (2.93 t/ha) was identical to 30 July date of transplanting (2.88 t/ha). Combined effect showed that transplanting on 30 July and 15 August produced highest grain yield by all the varieties. In later date transplanting 30 August, production of grain yield decreased. Kataribhog, Basmati and Ukunimadhu with dates of transplanting 30 July and 15 August can be suggested in rainfed condition of Bangladesh