Eksistensi Akad dalam Transaksi Keuangan Syariah

This paper will explore the existence of the contract has a crucial role in Islamic financial transactions with a number of implications posed. One of that in Islam there is freedom to determine the contract with all the terms and forms of contract desired by the parties, provided that the contract is voluntary and is not included in the prohibition of sharia\u27. On this basis, the core of the contract which is carried out in Islam is to create benefits for the parties to the agreement for an Islamic financial transactions

Optimization of discrete wavelet transform features using artificial bee colony algorithm for texture image classification

Selection of appropriate image texture properties is one of the major issues in texture classification. This paper presents an optimization technique for automatic selection of multi-scale discrete wavelet transform features using artificial bee colony algorithm for robust texture classification performance. In this paper, an artificial bee colony algorithm has been used to find the best combination of wavelet filters with the correct number of decomposition level in the discrete wavelet transform.  The multi-layered perceptron neural network is employed as an image texture classifier.  The proposed method tested on a high-resolution database of UMD texture. The texture classification results show that the proposed method could provide an automated approach for finding the best input parameters combination setting for discrete wavelet transform features that lead to the best classification accuracy performance

Nanofluid-based Nanocarbons An Investigation of Thermal Conductivity Performance

This paper presents a study of thermal conductivity performance, using a nanofluid-based nanocarbon formulate, with three different types of nanocarbons. NC300, NC200, and commercial carbon nanotube (CNT)were used together with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) as a dispersant, and deionized water as a solvent. A weighted ratio of the nanocarbons (0.4 - 1.0wt%) was set-up and the thermal conductivity was measured at 6°C, 25°C, and 45°C using a KD2 Pro thermal properties analyser. The results showed that NC300 with 1wt% of nanocarbons at 45°C gave the highest improvement of almost 30%, compared to deionized water. Meanwhile, the best nanofluid, based on prepared nanocarbons (NC200) and commercial CNT, showed improvement of more than 9% and 12%, respectively, with the addition of 0.6wt% nanocarbons at 45°C. Morphology analysis using electron microscopy, revealed the structural properties of the nanocarbons. NC300 showed a loose CNT with an average diameter of 70-150nm. NC200 are supported by nanocarbons with an average diameter of 10- 30nm. Meanwhile, the commercial CNT showed a similar characteristic to that of NC300. Even though NC200 had the smallest diameter of all nanocarbons, (which should provide the highest surface area), the larger sizes of the activated carbons, as a nanocarbon support, are expected to reduce thermal conductivity performance

Physicochemical and functional properties of cassava flour grown in different locations in Sabah, Malaysia

The tuber of cassava is used as raw materials in the bakery, food, pharmaceutical and garment industries. The nutritional value of cassava roots is important because they are the main part of the plant consumed in developing countries. However, there is much variation in the nutrient quality of the cassava root depends on the several factors, such as geographic location, variety, age of the plant, and environmental conditions. This study was performed to compare and provide information on physicochemical and functional properties of cassava flour planted in two different districts in Sabah, Malaysia, namely Tawau and Semporna. Proximate analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) in crude protein (2.07 and 2.69%), crude fat (0.55 and 0.68%) and dietary fibre contents (2.38 and 2.09%). Determinations on physicochemical and functional characteristics of the cassava flour showed significant differences (p<0.05) in bulk density (0.57 and 0.79 g/ cm3 ), pH (6.75 and 6.72), colour and foam capacity (3.66 and 7.33%) while there was no significant difference shown in water and oil absorption capacities as well as emulsion capacity. Cassava planted in Semporna was observed to have high values of all pasting property parameters relative to the one planted in Tawau except for the setback viscosity. Gelatinization properties of flours showed significant differences (p<0.05) in onset (70.59 and 68.99°C) and end temperatures (79.81 and 80.03°C)

Characterization of the South Atlantic Anomaly

This research intends to characterize the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) by applying the power spectrum analysis approach. The motivation to study the SAA region is due to its nature. A comparison was made between the stations in the SAA region and outside the SAA region during the geomagnetic storm occurrence (active period) and the normal period where no geomagnetic storm occurred. The horizontal component of the data of the Earth's magnetic field for the occurrence of the active period was taken on 11 March 2011 while for the normal period it was taken on 3 February 2011. The data sample rate used is 1&thinsp;min. The outcome of the research revealed that the SAA region had a tendency to be persistent during both periods. It can be said that the region experiences these characteristics because of the Earth's magnetic field strength. Through the research, it is found that as the Earth's magnetic field increases, it is likely to show an antipersistent value. This is found in the high-latitude region. The lower the Earth's magnetic field, the more it shows the persistent value as in the middle latitude region. In the region where the Earth's magnetic field is very low like the SAA region it shows a tendency to be persistent.</p

Biochemical Characterization for Lipid Synthesis in Aspergillus niger

A niger, a fungus which doesn't have high ability to production lipid, this fungus has been select to investigate the non oleaginicity. In this search, there are explorations about: i) growth profile ii) enzymes profile iii) isoforms. Growth profile shows that this fungus doesn't have ability to accumulate lipid more than 6% while bio mass are around 10g/l in spite of the presence of glucose in the media till the end of cultivation time and excision of nitrogen within 24 hrs. In enzyme study, we investigate all lipogenic enzymes Malic enzyme (ME), Fatty acid synthase (FAS), ATP: Citrate lays (ACL), NAD+ isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+ICDH), Glucose-6-phosphate (G6PD), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), all these enzymes show, activities till the end of cultivation time including ACL which is regarded the key enzyme to differentiate between the two species oleaginous and non oleaginous. So, there is no main reason to non oleaginicity for this fungus. A further experiment has been done using Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify ME isoforms. The result of Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows multi isoforms (A, B, C, D & E), with low intensity of isoform E, the isoforms that may involve in lipid synthesis. We have now studied the biochemistry of A.niger grown under conditions designed to promote lipid accumulation and can now advance a coherent hypothesis to explain why A niger could not accumulate lipid more than 6%. So the absence of isoforme E is the main reason for non oleaginicity in A niger

Modelling and PID value search for antilock braking system (ABS) of a passenger vehicle

This paper presents the methodologies use in determining the PID value of an Antilock Brake System (ABS) of a Malaysian made passenger vehicle. The research work involves experimental work for data acquisitions, development of braking model, parameter tuning for both simulation model parameter and PID values search. A Malaysian made car is equipped with instrumentation used to collect vehicle behaviour during normal and hard braking manoeuvres. The data collected are the vehicle’s stopping distance and longitudinal speed. The data during the normal braking are used to validate a two degree of freedom (2 DOF) of vehicle’s braking model, while the data collected during the hard braking are used to search for the PID value used to control the operation of the ABS system. The developed simulation model of a braking system correlates well with the experimental data and the tuning done on the PID algorithm indicates that the ABS is controlled by the PI system

Physicochemical properties of tarap (Artocarpus adoratisimus) starch

The objective of the research was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of Tarap fruit starch. In this study, young Tarap fruit starch was extracted and the percentage of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin were determined. Scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the morphological features of the starch granule. Swelling, pasting, gelatinization, retrogradation and in vitro digestibility were also investigated. A total of 17.85% starch was successfully extracted from unripe Tarap fruit, whereas the amount of total starch and resistant starch were 89.14% and 47.82%, respectively. The amounts of rapid digestible starch and slowly digestible starch were 6.58% and 23.25%, respectively. Results found that the amylopectin content was higher than amylose (77.15% and 11.97%). The starch granules were round and polygon in shapes with smooth surfaces. The average of starch granules size was range from 6.50 to 8.30 μm with 7.4 μm of mean granule diameter. Pasting properties showed that peak viscosity was observed at about 6.5 min at 73.5oC. Tarap starch gelatinization temperatures (onset, 71.63°C; peak, 74.56°C; conclusion, 78.24°C) and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHgel) (3.74 J/g) were higher while the retrograded starches show lower retrogradation temperature and enthalpy than native starches. Unripe Tarap starch showed good potential to be utilized as adhesives and thickener for industrial applications

Reduction of disc brake squeal noise using constrained layer dampers

Brakes squeal has remained to be one of the major Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NSH) challenges in brake system design and development. It has been a concern for automotive industry for decade. Brake researchers have proposed many brake squeal reduction and prevention methods in order to overcome and reduce the squeal that emanates from the brake disc systems. In this paper, the effectiveness of constrained layer dampers (CLD) in reducing disc brake squeal noise was investigated. CLD isolates the brake squeal noise through shear deformations of the viscoelastic materials. Two sets of brake tests were conducted using the brake test dynamometer with the application of CLD. Two different types of CLD were used which are three-layer constrained layer damper and four-layer constrained layer damper. Squeal tests were carried out using brake noise test rig based on the global standard procedure SAE J2521. From the test, four-layer CLD configuration works more efficient than three-layer CLD configuration. CLD made up of nitrile butadiene rubber, silicone rubber and mild steel proved to be the most effective noise insulator at hydraulic pressure range of 5 bar to 30 bar and temperature range of 50oC to 200oC with a maximum noise reduction of 11.3 dBA. Thus, CLD technique was proven to be an effective method in reducing brake squeal noise

Thermal hydraulic performance for hybrid composition ratio of TiO2–SiO2 nanofluids in a tube with wire coil inserts

Hybrid nanofluids flows with wire coils are proven to be beneficial in improving the performance of heat transfer. The thermal-hydraulic performance with different hybrid composition ratio for two or more suspended nanoparticles in the hybrid nanofluids with wire coils is unknown. Therefore, the research work was carried out to evaluate the effect of hybrid composition ratio on the overall system performance for flow with wire coils. The TiO2–SiO2 nanofluids was prepared at constant 1.0% of volume concentration and hybrid composition ratio, R of TiO2 to SiO2 nanoparticles at variation of 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8. The wire coils were studied for various pitch ratio up to 4.17. The TiO2–SiO2 nanofluids heat transfer was improved up to 211.75% for flow with wire coils. The best thermal performance factor (TPF) was exceeded 1.72 and performed with R = 0.2 composition ratio and pitch ratio of 0.83. The present TPF for hybrid nanofluids is higher than TPF for existing single nanofluids hence confirmed the applicability of TiO2–SiO2 nanofluids at R = 0.2 composition ratio flow with wire coils