390 research outputs found

    Anticipations effects in endogeneous probability-migration models

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    We analyze a probability-migration model based on the threshold of average human capital as in H.-J. Chen [1]. The difficult and interesting case is the one where the probability of migration is dependent on current average human capital (the anticipative case). Here, indeterminacy occurs, and one has to study a lot of subcases. In the present article we deeply study new interesting cases and we give a global answer.Human capital, Education, Migration, Indeterminacy, Economic growth, Threshold human capital, Fixed point, Optimistic and pessimistic mechanisms, Conservative mechanism

    Adaptive CAC for SVC Video Traffic in IEEE 802.16 Networks

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    International audienceCall Admission Control is a key function that guarantees the Quality of Service (QoS) for users. In radio networks, this function is usually based on traffic models and ensures that sessions are admitted only if the estimated available bandwidth is enough for the entire call duration. For video on IEEE 802.16, the CAC function must ensure that the bandwidth to be reserved is compatible with the resource availability. For the enhanced SVC (Scalable Video Coding) systems, the CAC function must take into account all the layers and their characteristics. In this paper, we propose an enhanced CAC function for SVC that adapts the admission according to the statistical behaviour of the video sessions. The main goal is to use measurements in the 802.16 base station (BS) to update the traffic model of SVC video flows, this for the different layers of SVC flows. We then use the variability of the traffics generated to adapt the CAC according to the characteristics of incoming flows. To perform that, we use a Markovian model that adapts for each flow instead of using a generic static one as used in most of the papers. Performance evaluation is given to illustrate the interest of our proposal

    La rhizotomie dorsale selective dans le traitement de la paraplegie spastique

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    Introduction: La spasticitĂ© est un dĂ©sordre moteur caractĂ©risĂ© par une augmentation du rĂ©flexe tonique d’étirement, associĂ© Ă  une exagĂ©ration des rĂ©flexes tendineux. C’est l’une des composantes sĂ©quellaire de l’atteinte du neurone moteur central. Dans certains cas cette sĂ©quelle est utile dans la mesure oĂč elle supplĂ©Ă© Ă  la perte de la force musculaire. Chez d’autres patients dont le nombre est non nĂ©gligeable, les composantes spastiques deviennent excessives et donc handicapantes qui sont Ă  l’origine d’une aggravation des pertes fonctionnelles. Le but de ce travail est d’objectiver les effets de cette procĂ©dure sur le confort, le nursing, l’hygiĂšne et l’habillage.MatĂ©riels et mĂ©thodes: Nous rapportons une sĂ©rie de quarante neuf (49) patients qui ont prĂ©sentĂ© une paraplĂ©gie spastique handicapante et rebelle Ă  toutes thĂ©rapeutiques mĂ©dicamenteuses et kinĂ©sithĂ©rapiques, qui ont Ă©tĂ© opĂšres et suivis sur une pĂ©riode de 12 ans (2002- 2014). L’ensemble des patients candidats a la chirurgie ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s aprĂšs une Ă©valuation clinique et analytique par une Ă©quipe multidisciplinaire. L’ñge de nos patients varie entre 30 et 65 ans, avec une nette prĂ©dominance masculine (32 cas =65,30%). L’étiologie de la paraplĂ©gie spastique est dominĂ©e par les traumatismes vertĂ©bro-mĂ©dullaires (36 cas 73,46%).RĂ©sultats:  Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© jugĂ©s « Bons » dans 09 cas (18,36%), chez les patients dont l’évaluation clinique et analytique post opĂ©ratoire a retrouvĂ© un score d’Ashworth passĂ© de 3-4 Ă  1 , un score de Tardieu de 3-4 Ă  1, et un score de Penn de 3-4 Ă  1voire 0 se traduisnat traduit par une diminution significative du tonus musculaire rendant la mobilisation passive plus aisĂ©e, une nette rĂ©gression du clonus inĂ©puisable Ă  l’étirement avec une diminution des spasmes induits Ă  la mobilisation passive. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© jugĂ©s « efficaces » chez 28 patients (57,14%) chez lesquels les transferts fauteuil - lit ainsi que le nursing ont Ă©tĂ© facilement rĂ©alisables avec un score d’Ashworth passĂ© de 3-4 Ă  2, un score de Tardieu de 3-4 Ă  2 et un score de Penn non inchangĂ©, non significatif. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© « nuls » dans 12 cas (24,48%) chez des patients qui pour des raisons familiales n’ont suivi aucun programme de soins en rĂ©adaptation physique. Nous n’avons dĂ©plorĂ© aucune morbiditĂ© ni de mortalitĂ© dans notre sĂ©rie. Le taux d’efficacitĂ© globale de cette procĂ©dure incluant les deux premiĂšres catĂ©gories au nombre de 37 cas (28+9) est de (75,51%).Conclusion:  La rhizotomie dorsale sĂ©lective pour le traitement de la spasticitĂ© rebelle des deux membres infĂ©rieurs a dĂ©montrĂ© son efficacitĂ© Ă  court, Ă  moyen et Ă  long terme. La qualitĂ© des rĂ©sultats de la rhizotomie dorsale sĂ©lective dĂ©pend principalement de la qualitĂ© de la sĂ©lection des patients par l’équipe multidisciplinaire par la prĂ©cision et la parfaite connaissance de la technique opĂ©ratoire et l’obligation d’un programme de rĂ©adaptation physique post opĂ©ratoire prĂ©coce et intensif. La chirurgie de la spasticitĂ© concoure Ă  l’amĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de vie.Mots clefs: Rhizotomie dorsale sĂ©lective - paraplĂ©gie spastique - neurochirurgie fonctionnelle - rĂ©adaptation physiqu

    Le VEGF induit la synthĂšse du PAF par l’entremise de l’activation du VEGFR-2 : identification des phosphotyrosines impliquĂ©es

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    Notre laboratoire a dĂ©montrĂ© que la capacitĂ© proinflammatoire du vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A165) implique la synthĂšse endothĂ©liale du facteur d’activation plaquettaire (PAF) via l’activation du rĂ©cepteur tyrosine kinase homodimĂ©rique VEGFR-2/R-2. La synthĂšse du PAF requiert l’activation de la p38 MAPK et p42/44 MAPK qui activent la phospholipase A2 secrĂ©tĂ©e de type V (sPLA2-V). Nous avons dĂ©couvert que la synthĂšse aigue de prostacycline (PGI2) induite par le VEGF-A165 requiert l’activation des rĂ©cepteurs hĂ©tĂ©rodimĂ©riques VEGFR-1/R-2. L’activation sĂ©lective des rĂ©cepteurs du VEGF peut donc agir comme balance dans la synthĂšse de facteurs pro-(PAF) et anti-(PGI2) inflammatoire. Cependant, les tyrosines impliquĂ©es dans la transphosphorylation de VEGFR-2/R-2 menant Ă  la synthĂšse du PAF sont inconnues. Par mutagenĂšse dirigĂ©e, nous avons effectuĂ© des transfections transitoires de cellules endothĂ©liales avec des plasmides codant pour le VEGFR-2 dont les tyrosines ciblĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© remplacĂ©es de façon sĂ©quentielle par une phĂ©nylalanine. Un vecteur vide pcDNA a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© comme contrĂŽle nĂ©gatif. La stimulation des cellules endothĂ©liales de l’aorte bovine (BAEC) transfectĂ©es avec le VEGF-A165 (1nM) pendant 15 minutes augmente la synthĂšse du PAF de 300%, laquelle Ă©tait similaire dans les BAEC non transfectĂ©es. Dans les BAEC transfectĂ©es avec les vecteurs pcDNA codant pour les mutations Y801F, Y1059F, Y1175F et Y1214F, nous avons observĂ© une rĂ©duction de 54, 73, 68, et 57% respectivement de la synthĂšse du PAF induite par le VEGF par rapport au pcDNA tĂ©moin. Nos rĂ©sultats apportent un nouvel aperçu sur le mĂ©canisme par lequel le VEGF induit la synthĂšse du PAF qui est connu pour sa contribution dans l’activitĂ© pro-inflammatoire du VEGF.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inflammatory effects require acute platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis by endothelial cells (EC). We reported that VEGF-mediated PAF synthesis involves the activation of the homodimeric tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR-2/R-2 which is leading to p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and secreted group V phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-V) activation. We also reported that VEGF-A165-mediated prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis requires VEGFR-1/R-2 heterodimeric receptor activation. Selective activation of VEGF receptors can thus act as a balance in the synthesis of pro-(PAF) and anti-(PGI2) inflammatory factors. It is unknown which VEGFR-2 tyrosine phosphorylation site(s) contribute(s) to PAF synthesis. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were transfected with pcDNA vectors encoding for native VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) cDNA, or tyrosine phosphorylation sites mutated into phenylalanine (Y801F), (Y1059F), (Y1175F), (Y1214F), and an empty pcDNA vector was used as negative control. Treatment of pcDNA-transfected BAEC with VEGF-A165 (1nM) for 15 minutes increased PAF synthesis by 300%, which was similar to VEGF-mediated PAF synthesis in untransfected BAEC. In BAEC transfected with pcDNA vectors encoding mutated Y801F, Y1059F, Y1175F or Y1214F VEGFR-2 cDNA, we observed a marked reduction of VEGF-mediated PAF synthesis by 54, 73, 68 and 57% respectively as compared to pcDNA-transfected BAEC. Our current data provide novel insight on the mechanisms by which VEGF promotes endothelial PAF synthesis which is known to contribute to VEGF pro-inflammatory activities

    Le modÚle alimentaire des communautés villageoises du Djurdjura au travers des « qanun-s » de leurs assemblées de villages.

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    Agzul  Mazal ur yeΔfis taqacuct n ğerğer (1857) mi anesbaddu amharsan yebda yettehekkir di tejmuya, tiden n tudrin, neÎł tiden n laΔrac neÎł tiden n zawwiyat.  TajmayΔit deg-s i yella rruh n wegdud acku deg-s iyi –ferru wegraw timsal-is, yeddukul wawal-is.  Qbel ur d-kcimen tamurt, iserdassen irumiyen zzin-d itebbura n wedrar di temnadt n DraΔ lmizan, amenzad Hanoteau, skud ijemmeΔ-d leÎłrama, yettaru ilugan n tejmaΔit (lΔurf) iwakken ad yessebd-d ccraΔ irumiyen di tmurt.  Di tira -nni i yurra urumi ilugan, n tejmayΔit,  issennef-iten, yefka-yasen talÎła-nniden  s wudem n ccraΔ –nsen di  tallit anda imÎłaren di tejmayΔit tsenniden Îłar wayen yellan n ilugan akken ad snulfun wiyad neÎł ad Îłedlen iqdimen yeğğa lweqt.Llan ilugan yaΔnan timezlit yezgaren (Timecredt), wiyad n tuččit n weksum (Taseglut), wiyad amek teceččay taddart s nnuba  abaranni (Tinnubga).Yella daÎł wayen icudden Îłar lÎłella am ulqad n tazart (Tamuqqint) neÎł ahucu n tugga, neÎł nnuba n wamman d ufras n tzuliÎłin. Anwa afrun n wucci id-ssebganen leqwanen n tejmuyΔa di lqern XIX di tmurt n leqbayel?AbstractAs soon as the colonial authorities proceeded to the conquest of Djudjura (1857), they payed attention to the assemblies of villages, of tribes, of zawiya.  These assemblies gathered the people, managed the affairs of the community by the enactment of regulations. When the French service men settled in the months of the mountain (circle of Draa lmizan), commander Hanoteau asked to collect the taxes. He had also gathered and transcribed the qanun of assemblies of villages. The assembly of village drew from these oral qanun as from a matrix to promulgate regulations or to abolish others. Few artic les in these qanun deal with the food, with the offence concerning the meat-based food Taseglut. The assembly of village regulates the slaughter of animals, of Timecredt, the hospitality Tinnubga that must offer the village on the foreigners. Some qanun concern the date of harvests of figs or the distribution of waters, pickings of vegetables Tamuqqint. We go to see what food model is outlined through the qanun of the assemblies of villages in the second half of the XIXth century in Kabylia of Djurdjura?Key words: Assemblies of villages, qanun, food model, the militaries, meats, Kabylia of Djurdjura, XIXĂšme century

    A Lattice-based Publish-Subscribe Communication Protocol using Accelerated Homomorphic Encryption Primitives

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    Key-policy attribute-based encryption scheme (KP-ABE) uses a set of attributes as public keys for encryption. It allows homomorphic evaluation of ciphertext into another ciphertext of the same message, which can be decrypted if a certain access policy based on the attributes is satisfied. A lattice-based KP-ABE scheme is reported in several works in the literature, and its software implementation is available in an open-source library called PALISADE. However, as the cryptographic primitives in KP-ABE are overly involved, non-trivial hardware acceleration is needed for its adoption in practical applications. In this work, we provide GPU-based algorithms for accelerating KP-ABE encryption and homomorphic evaluation functions seamlessly integrated into the open-source library with minor additional build changes needed to run the GPU kernels. Using GPU algorithms, we perform both homomorphic encryption and homomorphic evaluation operations 2.1× and 13.2× faster than the CPU implementations reported in the literature on an Intel i9, respectively. Furthermore, our implementation supports up to 128 attributes for encryption and homomorphic evaluation with fixed and changing access policies. Unlike the reported GPU-based homomorphic operations in the literature, which support only up to 32 attributes and give estimations for a higher number of attributes. We also propose a GPU-based KP-ABE scheme for publish/subscribe messaging applications, in which end-to-end security of the messages is guaranteed. Here, while the exchanged messages are encrypted with as many as 128 attributes by publishers, fewer attributes are needed for homomorphic evaluation. Our fast and memory-efficient GPU implementations of KP-ABE encryption and homomorphic evaluation operations demonstrate that the KP-ABE scheme can be used for practicable publish/subscribe messaging applications

    Le grenadier tunisien (Punica granatum) stimule le transport de glucose dans les cellules musculaires C2C12 via la voie insulino-dĂ©pendante de l’Akt et la voie insulino-indĂ©pendante de l’AMPK

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    Le diabĂšte est reconnu comme un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique causant des consĂ©quences humaines et Ă©conomiques redoutables. La phytothĂ©rapie s’offre comme une nouvelle avenue thĂ©rapeutique pour le contrĂŽle de la glycĂ©mie. Le grenadier, Punica granatum, a servi de remĂšde contre le diabĂšte dans le systĂšme Unani de la mĂ©decine pratiquĂ©e en Inde et au Moyen Orient. Des Ă©tudes ont dĂ©montrĂ© un effet hypoglycĂ©miant des extraits de grenadier via divers mĂ©canismes notamment par une amĂ©lioration de la sensibilitĂ© Ă  l’insuline et la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration des cellules bĂ©ta-pancrĂ©atiques. Cependant, aucune Ă©tude n’a dĂ©montrĂ© Ă  ce jour, l’effet de grenadier sur le transport de glucose dans le muscle, Ă©tape cruciale dans la rĂ©gulation de l’homĂ©ostasie glucidique postprandiale. De plus, l’effet de la maturation sur le potentiel antidiabĂ©tique du fruit de grenadier n’a pas Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©. Ainsi, le but de ce projet est d’évaluer l’effet antidiabĂ©tique des extraits de grenadier sur le transport de glucose dans les cellules musculaires C2C12 en fonction de la variĂ©tĂ© et du stade de maturation du fruit et d’élucider les mĂ©canismes d’action. Le choix des variĂ©tĂ©s du grenadier tunisien (Espagnoule [EP] et Gabsi [GB]) a Ă©tĂ© orientĂ© pour leur pouvoir antioxydant et leur consommation locale. Deux parties de la plante ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es, les fleurs et les fruits Ă  3 stades de maturation soit 2, 4 et 6 mois. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que seule la variĂ©tĂ© du grenadier Gabsi stimule significativement le transport de glucose par rapport au contrĂŽle (DMSO), et ceci sans ĂȘtre toxique. Cet effet est plus prononcĂ© au stade de fruit mĂ»r (Ă  6 mois) que celui de la fleur. De plus, l’extrait de fleurs stimule la voie insulino-indĂ©pendante de l’AMPK et augmente le niveau d’expression des transporteurs spĂ©cifiques de glucose (GLUT-4). Par contre, l’extrait de fruits mĂ»rs, en plus de ces deux mĂ©canismes, active fortement aussi la voie insulino-dĂ©pendante de l’AKT. En conclusion, cette Ă©tude prĂ©sente un nouveau mĂ©canisme d’action antidiabĂ©tique de grenadier (plus particuliĂšrement du fruit mĂ»r) qui est dĂ©pendant de la variĂ©tĂ©.Diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide with astounding human and economic consequences. The seed and the flower of pomegranate (Punica granatum), a native plant of Central Asia and the Mediterranean regions, exhibited a hypoglycaemic effect in in vivo studies. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of the flower and the fruit (at 3 maturation stages) of pomegranate on glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells and to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect. To accomplish this, we chose two varieties of pomegranate cultivated in Tunisia (Gabsi [GB] and Espagnoule [EP]), which have been shown to be highly consumed in that area and to possess high antioxidant activity. Differentiated C2C12 cells were treated for 18 hours with 80% ethanolic extract of the flowers and fruits (at 2, 4, and 6 months) of each variety. Our results showed that the Gabsi variety of pomegranate significantly enhances glucose uptake, without any toxicity. This effect is more pronounced in the ripe fruit (6 months) than in the flower. In parallel, the ripe fruit stimulated both the insulin-dependent pathway (Akt) and the insulin-independent pathway (AMPK), while the flower stimulated the latter only. In addition, both flower and ripe fruit treatment resulted in enhanced expression level of GLUT-4 glucose transporter in the muscle. Hence, these results suggest that regulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle is one of the components involved in the anti-diabetic effect of Tunisian pomegranate

    Comparative study of ochratoxin a exposure through the intake of cereal products in two climatic moroccan regions

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    The present study aims to compare ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure through the intake of three cereal derivative products (bread, pasta and semolina) in two different Moroccan climatic regions (littoral and continental). OTA weekly intakes from cereal products were calculated using a deterministic approach for each region. Results showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) of OTA exposure between the two regions. Indeed, the median OTA exposure was estimated at 48.97 ng/kg b.w./week in the littoral region, while it was estimated at 6.36 ng/kg b.w./week in the continental region. The probabilistic approach showed that, due to uncertainties, the 95th percentile of weekly OTA exposure associated with the three cereal products ranged from 66.18 to 137.79 (95% CI) with a median of 97.44 ng/kg body weight (b.w.)/week. Compared to the threshold of 100 ng/kg b.w./week, 95% of the cumulative distributions predicted an exceedance frequency between 0.42 and 17.30% (95% CI), with an exceedance frequency median of 4.43%. Results showed that cereal derivatives constitute an important vector of OTA exposure and cause a significant exceedance of toxicological reference value among large consumers in the littoral region, which suggests the urgency of reconsidering the maximum regulatory limit (MRL) set for OTA (3 ”g/kg) in cereal derivatives by Moroccan authorities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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