Structure of the Deformed 7075 Aircraft Al - Alloy with Material Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD)

This work aims to study the effect of plastic deformation on the 7075 Al - alloy using Material Analyses Using Diffraction (MAUD). Plastic deformation produces dislocation defects. Using a hydraulic press, samples were deformed up to 25%. The XRD was measured for each degree of deformation. The MAUD program was used to analyze the data, and mathematical methods were deployed to understand the various behaviors observed. The lattice parameter, crystallite size, average internal stress, micro-strain, and dislocation density of the 7075Al-alloy were calculated. As the deformation degree increased, there was a progressive decline in the crystallite size as an increase in the micro-strain and dislocation density. The flow stress changes from 5.8 to 49 MPa and the stored dislocation energy varies from 2.62 to 185 kPa

The Positron and Mechanical Parameters of a Cold-Worked Aluminum Alloy (3004) Using PALT, PADBT and HV

In the present work, the influence of plastic deformation on the properties of a 3004 Al-alloy was studied with different techniques. Crystallite size, dislocation density, defect density, micro-strain, and stored dislocation energy are presented and compared for different three techniques. Methodology: Many techniques for detecting defects have been developed, such as the positron annihilation lifetime technique (PALT), the positron annihilation Doppler broadening technique (PADBT), and the Vickers hardness test (HV). Implications: The positron mean lifetime value of a non-deformed sample is 173±4.8 ps, which increases until the thickness reduction reaches a 10% deformation then saturated at saturation trapping of the positron in defect states with a mean of 221±5 ps. At an S-parameter of 0.3709±0.0031, a W-parameter of 0.5885±0.0057 was obtained at zero deformation: this decreases until saturation at 10% deformation. Findings: A good correlation between the three techniques is observed for mean crystallite size. A good correlation was also noted between PALT and PADBT from 0 to 10% thickness reduction. HV has good correlations with PALT and PADBT from 0 to 6% thickness reduction: then a clear difference was found from 6 to 15% thickness reduction. Originality: such results confirm the fact that the used technique can effects on the obtained results in some limitations. © 2021 Ahmed Mostafa et al., published by De Gruyter

Field efficiency and selectivity effects of selected insecticides on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididea) and its predators

Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) is a key pest of cotton plants in Egypt. A two-year field study was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt, during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons to determined the efficiency of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, pirimicarb and  malathion on cotton aphid and selectivity effects of these insecticides on Coccinella undecimpunctata L. and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). The results indicated that thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, acetamiprid and imidacloprid proved to be the most effective insecticides in reducing cotton aphid population up to 21 days after treatment throughout both seasons and caused an average reduction percentage ranged from 73.58 to 96.42%%, whereas pirimicarb and malathion showed the lowest reduction with an average ranged 38.08 to 66.68 % at different exposure dates during 2013 and 2014 seasons. In addition, the selectivity effects of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pirimicarb and malathion reduced the population of C. undecimpunctata with an average ranged from 78.05 to 96.43% and were classified as harmful. Thiamethoxam reduced the population with an average ranged from 68.72 to 69.20% and was classified as moderately harmful. Dinotefuran showed a slightly harmful effect to C. undecimpunctata with an average reduction 44.3 and 41.81% during 2013 and 2014 seasons. On the other hand, acetamiprid and dinotefuran caused a significant reduction in the population of C. carnea with an average ranged from 28.28 to 56.52% and were classified as harmless. Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid reduced the population with an average ranged from 55.53 and 64.39% and were classified as moderately harmful. By contrast, malathion and pirimicarb showed the highest reduction in the population with an average ranged from 67.15 to 96.57% and were classified as harmful during both seasons. These results suggested that, the selection of a suitable insecticide in an IPM program to control the cotton aphid not only depends on its efficiency against the aphid but also its toxicity to natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) and its persistence

Climatic factors interference with the occurrence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in cultivated soil

Description of method and recommendation of laboratory and field procedures for the isolation of soil borne entomopathogenic fungi (specifically Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae) is presented. Baiting technique method was used for screening of occurrence of indigenous populations of entomopathogenic fungi. Totally, 2068 alive greater wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella L.) were used to trap entomopathogenic fungi present in the soil. Site selected was the experimental farm of Assiut University; only 105 larvae were infected by entomopathogenic fungi representing 5.08% mortality. B. bassiana caused 85.71% of the mortality  represented by 90 isolates. M. anisopliae caused 14.29% of the mortality giving only 15 isolates of M. anisopliae. Data showed that B. bassiana seems to be the most economically important entomopathogenic fungi inhabiting soil cultivated with wheat and cotton plants. The highest number of the isolates was recorded during spring and autumn seasons. The relationship between the incidence of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae and the selected weather factors was statistically analyzed using multiple regression analysis.Key words: Entomopathogenic fungi, Galleria mellonella, baiting technique, soil

Flat Cosmology with Coupled Matter and Dark Energies

Three models of a flat universe of coupled matter and dark energies with different low-redshift parameterizations of the dark energy equation of state are considered. The dark energy is assumed to vary with time like the trace of the energy-momentum tensor of cosmic matter. In the radiation-dominated era the models reduce to standard cosmology. In the matter-dominated era they are, for modern values of the cosmological parameters, consistent with data from SNe Ia searches and with the data of Gurvits et al.(1999)for angular sizes of ultra compact radio sources. We find that the angular size-redshift tests for our models offer a higher statistical confidence than that based on SNe Ia data. A comparison of our results with a recent revised analysis of angular size-redshift legacy data is made,and the implications of our models with optimized relativistic beaming in the radio sources is discussed. In particular we find that relativistic beaming implies a Lorentz factor less than 6,in agreement with its values for powerful Active Galactic Nuclei.Comment: Version to appear in The Astronomical Journal, with a modified name- Flat Cosmology with Coupled Matter and Dark Energies. Expanded and Modified conten

Texture evaluation of whey protein concentrate incorporated ice cream by Back Extrusion technique

Back extrusion technique was employed to evaluated texture properties of partial substituted whey protein concentrate (WPC) with milk solids not fat (1, 2, 3 and 4%) in ice cream formula. There was no remarkable effect of adding WPC on total solids or fat %. Total protein increased, while ash, and lactose content were significantly decreased. Back-extrusion results represented a decrease in hardness values of resultant ice cream, while, during storage, there was a slight increase. Energy input values decreased by increasing substitution levels of WP. Although, energy output inversely correlated with substitution levels of WP it correlated with storage period indicating a strong structure for stored ice cream. Load at target deformation (50%) applied to the samples when fresh and after 14 days storage showing decreased values proportional to increasing substitution levels of WP. The resilience showed decreased ratio indicating more visco-elastic properties in fresh ice cream. The recovered height and deformation increased with increasing substitution levels of WP and storage period. Therefore, more sticking properties were obtained in resultant ice cream. Adhesive force decreased significantly with increasing substitution levels of WP and storage period. Adhesiveness values were significantly higher in all treatments than control. The texture of the ice cream became smoother by replacing milk solid not fat with WPC up to 3%. From the data obtained, it could be recommended that ice cream can be produced with high quality by substituting milk solid not fat with WPC up to 3%

Synthesis and biological activities of some new fully fused quinazoline derivatives

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Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid at 308 K using Benzimidazole Derivatives: Weight Loss, Adsorption and Quantum Chemical Studies

For the first time, the investigation and characterization of Benzimidazole derivatives, as a potential corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic aqueous solutions has been reported. The inhibition efficiency was calculated based on the data using weight loss, surface studies and basic computational calculations. The values reported in this manuscript were 80% for P1 and 89 for P2. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the mild steel surface was found to obey the Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The results obtained from chemical and theoretical techniques are in good agreement with each other

Patterns of BAP1 protein expression provide insights into prognostic significance and the biology of uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare aggressive intraocular tumour with a propensity for liver metastases, occurring in ∼50% of patients. The tumour suppressor BAP1 is considered to be key in UM progression. Herein, we present the largest study to date investigating cellular expression patterns of BAP1 protein in 165 UMs, correlating these patterns to prognosis. Full clinical, histological, genetic, and follow‐up data were available for all patients. BAP1 gene sequencing was performed on a subset of 26 cases. An independent cohort of 14 UMs was examined for comparison. Loss of nuclear BAP1 (nBAP1) protein expression was observed in 54% (88/165) UMs. nBAP1 expression proved to be a significant independent prognostic parameter: it identified two subgroups within monosomy 3 (M3) UM, which are known to have a high risk of metastasis. Strikingly, nBAP1‐positiveM3 UMs were associated with prolonged survival compared to nBAP1‐negative M3 UMs (Log rank, p = 0.014). nBAP1 protein loss did not correlate with a BAP1 mutation in 23% (6/26) of the UMs analysed. Cytoplasmic BAP1 protein (cBAP1) expression was also observed in UM: although appearing ‘predominantly diffuse’ in most nBAP1‐negative UM, a distinct ‘focal perinuclear’ expression pattern – localized immediately adjacent to the cis Golgi – was seen in 31% (18/59). These tumours tended to carry loss‐of‐function BAP1 mutations. Our study demonstrates loss of nBAP1 expression to be the strongest prognostic marker in UM, confirming its importance in UM progression. Our data suggest that non‐genetic mechanisms account for nBAP1 loss in a small number of UMs. In addition, we describe a subset of nBAP1‐negative UM, in which BAP1 is sequestered in perinuclear bodies, most likely within Golgi, warranting further mechanistic investigation