PERBANDINGAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DAN ASI NON EKSKLUSIF DENGAN GEJALA FREKUENSI RINITIS ALERGI PADA ANAK DI RSUDZA BANDA ACEH

Rinitis alergi mewakili masalah kesehatan global yang mempengaruhi 10 sampai 20% populasi dan meningkat dengan angka 30-40% dari total populasi dunia pada tahun 2011. Rinitis alergi merupakan penyakit kronis paling umum pada anak dan kejadiannya meningkat pada usia anak diatas 5 tahun. Beberapa faktor dianggap berhubungan dengan rinitis alergi antara lain genetik, usia, jenis kelamin, sering infeksi saluran napas, pemberian antibiotik sejak dini, memiliki hewan peliharaan berbulu, pemberian ASI, status sosioekonomi dan proses persalinan sesar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara anak yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif dan yang tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif terhadap frekuensi gejala rinitis alergi yang timbul pada anak usia 5-18 tahun di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin (RSUDZA) Banda Aceh. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik komparatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua anak yang didiagnosis menderita penyakit rinitis alergi di Poliklinik Anak dan THT-KL RSUDZA Banda Aceh. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 35 responden yang diwawancarai menggunakan kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel serta data rakam medik untuk mendapatkan status pemberian ASI dan frekuensi gejala rinitis alergi pada anak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara anak yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif dan tidak eksklusif terhadap frekuensi gejala rinitis alergi dengan nilai p = 0,000 ( P < 0,05 ). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa anak dengan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif memiliki frekuensi gejala rinitis alergi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan yang memiliki riwayat ASI tidak eksklusif.Kata Kunci : Rinitis alergi, ASI eksklusif, anak usia 5-18 tahu

Flight Dynamics Nonlinearity Assessment Across a New Aerodynamic Attitude Flight Envelope

A new asymmetric level aerodynamic attitude flight envelope is introduced in this dissertation. The aerodynamic attitude envelope is an angle of attack vs. sideslip angle region which describes the extent of where an aircraft can sustain a steady slipping horizontal flight condition. The new envelope is thus an extension of the more common speed-altitude symmetric level flight envelope. This new envelope can be used for design requirements, dynamic analysis, control synthesis, or performance comparison. Moreover, this envelope provides enhanced insight into trimability-controllability limitations within the aircraft design model. The aerodynamic attitude flight envelope is constructed for a six degree of freedom nonlinear simulation model of a high-performance aircraft. The constructed envelope is found to be asymmetric with respect to positive vs. negative sideslip values, due to the inherent asymmetry in the aerodynamic model database. Asymmetry and offset in the force and moment coefficient data could originate from experimental error, from model fabrication imperfections, from vortex-dominated flow, from data reduction flaws, or from other sources. The literature shows that vortex-dominated flow can cause significant side force, rolling moment, and yawing moment coefficient asymmetries. Details concerning the removal of asymmetry and offset in the aerodynamic data are given. The purpose behind removing the asymmetry and offset is to facilitate analysis of the new aerodynamic attitude flight envelope with an ideal aircraft model so that fundamental relationships can be more easily observed, and to provide a comparison with the non-ideal case previously computed. Based on the adapted and symmetrized aerodynamic data, a new aerodynamic attitude asymmetric level flight envelope is constructed and introduced. Further, the six degree of freedom aircraft simulation model is analyzed with nonlinear index theory across this nontraditional flight envelope. Aircraft dynamic properties often change in a nonlinear way across operating conditions. Nonlinear index theory provides a new concept for measuring the strength of these changes for a given set of coordinates and is applied to the asymmetric aerodynamic attitude envelope with the original and the adapted and symmetrized aerodynamic data. This analysis provides new methodology and new insights into aircraft dynamics and control. The index analysis exposes certain flight condition regions in which nonlinearity strength is high. These regions are further investigated with both linear and nonlinear simulations. Because the nonlinearity index is based on the matrix two-norm, the index can sometimes overestimate the nonlinear strength. To circumvent this behavior, indices based on system matrix partitions and normalized state formulations are explored. Nonlinearity is a function of the coordinates used to express the dynamic system. Therefore, the nonlinearity index is also applied to the aircraft model, expressed with three different frame of reference sets for kinetics and kinematics, in order to determine the best, or most linear, coordinates among the three investigated sets

STUDI ANALISIS KEDIP TEGANGAN AKIBAT PENGASUTAN MOTOR INDUKSI DI PT. PRIMATEXCO INDONESIA BATANG

Dalam sistem tenaga listrik, terdapat adanya gangguan-gangguan kelistrikan yang antara lain berupa naik-turunnya amplitudo tegangan sistem. Fenomena kedip tegangan merupakan gangguan yang sering terjadi pada sistem tenaga listrik. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kedip tegangan yang terjadi akibat adanya pengasutan motor induksi yang dapat mengganggu stabilitas sistem maka diperlukan suatu penelitian pada sistem distribusi yang akan dikaji. Studi analisis kedip tegangan akibat pengasutan motor induksi di unit Weaving AJL 1 PT. Primatexco Indonesia diawali dengan pencariaan data di PT. Primatexco Indonesia. Data-data yang digunakan didapat dari hasil wawancara (interview), informasi dari bagian unit yang dikaji, survei ke lapangan, dan laporan data dari teknisi. Metode yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui keandalan pada sistem distribusi adalah dengan cara simulasi menggunakan program EDSA Technical 2005. Simulasi pertama dilakukan beberapa macam konfigurasi skenario dengan menerapkan metode wye-delta yang selama ini digunakan di lapangan, kemudian simulasi kedua juga dilakukan dengan beberapa macam konfigurasi skenario dan memasukkan metode autotrafo dengan tapping 50 % sebagai pembanding metode wye-delta yang digunakan di lapangan. Hasil simulasi pertama yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa kedip tegangan yang terjadi pada terminal motor saat diasut mengalami kenaikan nilai kedip tegangan sejalan dengan penambahan motor induksi yang diasut. Pada simulasi 2 yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa pengasutan motor dengan metode autotrafo dengan tapping 50 % menghasilkan kedip tegangan yang lebih kecil daripada pengasutan motor dengan metode wye-delta menurut standar IEEE yang dijadikan pedoman dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci : EDSA, Kedip tegangan, Metode Pengasutan, Sistem tenaga listrik, Standar IEEE

Analisis Minat Menabung pada Bank Syariah di Kalangan Siswa SMA di Kota Medan (Studi Kasus: Siswa Madrasah Aliyah Negeri)

This study aims to determine Madrasah Aliyah Negeri students in Medan interest of saving Islamic bank in Medan. This research is descriptive quantitative research using primary data. The variables used in this research consisted of a bank's reputation, confidence, and location as the independent variable and the interest of saving the student as the dependent variable. Sampling technique is done by simple random sampling using 100 students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri in Medan as a sample. The Methods of data collection use a self administrated survey, by giving questionnaires. The method used in this research is the descriptive analysis. Based on the results of analysis, it was found that Madrasah Aliyah Negeri students' interest in saving in Islamic banks in Medan is still low. Based on the data obtained it is known that bank reputation variables, beliefs, and location affect student interest in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri decided to save the Islamic bank in Medan. The main obstacle that affects Madrasah Aliyah Negeri students' interest to save their money in Islamic banks is the location away from home

Detecting Changes in Crowdsourced Social Media Images

We propose a novel service framework to detect changes in crowdsourced images. We use a service-oriented approach to model and represent crowdsourced images as image services. Non-functional attributes of an image service are leveraged to detect changes in an image. The changes are reported in form of a version tree. The version tree is constructed in a way that it reflects the extent of changes introduced in different versions. Afterwards, we find semantic differences in between different versions to determine the extent of changes introduced in a specific version. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Comment: Accepted Paper in ICSO

Antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera methanolic leaves extracts against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates

Background:&nbsp;Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) found to be very useful tree in tropical countries. In folklore and Ayurvedic all parts of the tree used in different healing procedures for different diseases. The plant leaves are very good nutrient supplement for malnutrition and also used as an antibiotic.&nbsp;Methods:&nbsp;Phytochemical analysis of the leaf in solvents of varying polarity; viz., Aqueous and Methanol were also carried out. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides etc.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts against four microorganisms, viz. Escherichia coli, Shigella Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus, The Methanolic extract was active against E.coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus whereas the aqueous extract exhibited an inhibitory effect on Pneumonia, E. coli and Shigella only at different zone of inhibition levels of extracts. Well diffusion method was used to assess the antibacterial effect of the extracts on both Gram positive and Gram negative micro-organisms. Moreover, the statistically, results were not significant at both 1% and 5% level of significances.&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;It became obvious that, the higher reducing power of the aqueous extract could be due to the better solubility of the antioxidant components in water whereas the predominant antibacterial activity in organic solvent extracts as compared to aqueous extracts, indicated that the active components responsible for the bactericidal activity are more soluble in organic solvents. This study provided an evidence to support traditional medicinal uses of the plant

Influence of High-Stakes Tests on Students’ Attitude Towards Learning Science in Senior Secondary Schools in Nigeria

The problem of students’ attitude towards learning in the science arm of secondary schools in Nigeria has been a subject of concern and discuss. This study investigated high-stakes tests as determinants of students’ attitude towards learning science in senior secondary schools in Nigeria. Two research questions were raised and answered, and three hypotheses were formulated and tested to guide the study at .05 level of significance. A sample of 6349 students and teachers was utilized for the study. The research instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire titled: High-stakes and Students’ Attitude Questionnaire (HSSAQ). The instrument was subjected to face and content validity; Cronbach Alpha reliability analysis which yielded 0.84 coefficient. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and independent t-test statistics. The results using multiple regression revealed that significant influence exists for the independent variable (high-stakes tests, r=0.335, p&lt;0.05). The mean difference in the opinions of the respondents regarding high-stakes tests were higher for teachers (X̅=53.63, SD=6.77) than students (X̅=52.8904, SD=7.55), t(6347)=-2.704, p&gt;0.05, F=1.322, p=.250), however there was no significant difference. In conclusion, high-stakes test factors have significant influence on students’ attitude towards learning science in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended among others, that teachers and educators need to pay more attention to the effects of high-stakes testing in their school

Comparing bacteriological parameters of sachet water samples collected in Nassarawa and Tarauni local Governments, Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria

Background:&nbsp;Water is a resource that is both invaluable and vital to the existence of all living organisms, but this valued resource is increasingly being threatened as human populations grow and demand more water of high quality for domestic purposes and economic activities. The conducted research was aimed to assessing bacteriological quality of sachet water samples sealed and sold and consumed in some Local Governments.&nbsp;Methods:&nbsp;The bacteriological quality assessment of sachet water samples were determined by Aerobic Plate Count (APC), test for Coliforms and Biochemical Test (IMViC).&nbsp; The tests were preceded by staining technique. Moreover, the Aerobic Plate Count results revealed various values (CFU)/100ml of water samples collected and examined.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;Going by zero tolerance levels stipulated by regulatory agencies for coliforms in drinking water, a cumulative figure of twenty five percent (25%)meets the standards of drinking water quality and subsequent percentages were satisfactory, suspicious as well as unsatisfactory which were in conformity with that of world health organization, 2010. The total percentage of good sachet water samples based on this research was 90% and that of bad samples was 10% as indicated. It revealed the presence of&nbsp;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&nbsp;in the sample waters.&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;It has been concluded that most sachets water samples sold and consumed in Kano metropolis conformed with world health organiztion (WHO) recommended standards for potable water and the consumption of some sachet waters whose values are either above or below WHO and SON permissible limit may pose health hazards to the consumers

The Effect of a Reading Instructional Program on Tenth Grade Students\u27 Critical Writing skills in Jordan أثر برنامج تعليمي قائم على القراءة في مهارات الكتابة الناقدة لدى طلبة الصف العاشر في الأردن

Abstract: The present study aims at investigating the effect of a reading instructional program on Jordanian EFL students\u27 critical writing. The participants of the study were divided randomly into four groups from one of Irbid private schools (2020-2019): The groups were, two experimental groups: one for male students of (16) students and one for female students of (16) students. These groups were taught according to the training program in critical reading. There were also two control groups; one for male students of (18) students and one for female students of (18) students. The students in the control group were taught according to the methods of the teacher’s book in English language curriculum for tenth-grade students. To determine the effective level of the instructional program, a pre-posttest was used. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the students\u27 mean scores on the critical writing post-test in favor of the two experimental groups which used the reading instructional program. In light of these results, the researchers recommend that the EFL curriculum designers should include critical writing strategies in the textbooks and to train EFL teachers on how to use them in their classrooms. ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن أثر برنامج في القراءة في تنمية مهارات الكتابة الناقدة لدى طلبة الصف العاشر في الأردن تكونت عينة الدراسة من أربع شعب من مدرسة من مدارس التربية والتعليم الخاصة في قصبة اربد للعام الدراسي 2019-2020. ثم تعيين شعبتين صفيتين تجريبيتين واحدة للإناث وتكونت من (16) طالبة وشعبة تجريبية للذكور تكونت من (16) طالب بالطريقة العشوائية ثم تدريسهم بالاستراتيجيات المستخدمة في البرنامج. وشعبتين صفيتين, واحده للإناث تكونت من (18) طالبة وشعبة للذكور تكونت من (18) طالب ثم تدريسهم بالطريقة التقليدية. كشفت نتائج الدراسة عن وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لصالح المجموعتين التجريبيتين. في ضوء نتائج الدراسة, أوصى الباحثان مصممي الخطة الدراسية بضرورة إدخال استراتيجيات الكتابة الناقدة في مناهج الكتب المدرسية, كذلك أوصيا تدريب المعلمين على كيفية تدريس هذه الاستراتيجيات في الغرف الصفية