The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employees' Organizational Commitment: The Case Study of the PPDNKK Kuala Terengganu office

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between 2 variables of job satisfaction: Intrinsic and Extrinsic with organizational commitment: Affective commitment, commitment Continuance and Normative commitment. This study was focused to staffs of PPDNKK Kuala Terengganu as the respondents. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 19.0 for processing the data with accuracy and validity of the data will not be questioned. Pearson correlation statistical analysis is used to test the relationship between variables. Most likely, the study will also examine the relationships between important variables in understanding the organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Results from this study showed that there 4 new dimension in job satisfaction of rewards, benefits, salary and promotion. However, according to Luthan (1998), all of these dimensions there are components in the extrinsic job satisfaction. Revenue analysis was carried out also bring 3 new dimensions. Dimensions have been classified in accordance with commitments components described by Meyer and Allen (1991). Objective of this study finally answered and there is a relationship between job satisfactions embarking commitment. The study hopes to contribute to the quality of work and commitment of staff PPDNKK Kuala Terengganu

Xylitol production of recombinant escherichia coli immobilized on multi walled carbon nanotubes

Xylitol is currently produced in a large scale by a chemical reduction process that needs high energy and cost. Biological conversion of xylitol utilizing microorganisms could be an alternative methodology that is environmentally friendly and economical. This method has been proven to offer a high-yield and competitive. However, one of the major drawback in xylitol production using bacteria is the low yield. Cell immobilization is a promising solution for the enhancement of xylitol production. This study was carried out to improve the xylitol production, cell stability and performance by immobilizing recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) on untreated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) using optimum cultural condition. The influence of different treatment on MWCNT and cultural environments on xylitol production, xylose reductase activity, cell viability and lysis of immobilized E. coli were investigated. The immobilized cells on untreated MWCNT exhibited about 2-8-fold increase in xylitol production compared to free cells. The immobilized cells also demonstrated a 22-315% reduction of β-galactosidase activity, as indication of reduced cell lysis and a 17-401% increase in plasmid stability compared to free cells. The xylitol production was successfully improved using central composite design for the response surface methodology. The optimized cultivation conditions obtained for pH, temperature and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside concentration were 7.42, 29 oC and 0.005 mM, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the xylitol concentration was 6.325 g/L, representing 91.5% of the predicted value (6.905 g/L) and 1.16-fold higher than the value before optimization process (5.467 g/L). This study demonstrated that the immobilized cells system could be a promising approach to improve the productivity of xylitol using recombinant E. coli

Characterization of the physicochemical properties of cross-linked levanase aggregates for levan-type fructooligosaccharides production

Levan-type fructooligosaccharide (L-FOS) are oligosaccharides that is in high demand in food-based and pharmaceutical industries and it can be produced from the levan hydrolysis. Recombinant levanase from Bacillus lehensis G1 (rlevblg1) is an enzyme that specifically converts levan to L-FOS. However, the use of free rlevblg1 presents a lack of stability and reusability, thus hinder the synthesis of L-FOS for continuous reactions. A carrier-free immobilization of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) were developed to overcome these drawbacks. However, low number of lysine residues of rlevblg1 may reduce cross-linking efficiency to form a stable and active biocatalyst. This issue can be solved by enzyme co-aggregation using additives. Moreover, the formation of CLEAs is also influenced by mass diffusion limitation as the degree of molecular cross-linking attained, significantly affects substrate accessibility especially at higher substrate concentrations. To address this problem, macromolecular cross-linker was used in the formation of CLEAs. In this study, formation of cross-linked levanase aggregates (CLLAs) was performed to improve stability and reusability of free rlevblg1. An active CLLAs using glutaraldehyde (CLLAs-GA), and with bovine serum albumin (CLLAs-GA-BSA) were obtained, and the factors affecting the formation of CLLAs were investigated. The highest activity recovery of CLLAs-GA (92.8 %; 169.5 U/mg) and CLLAs-GA-BSA (121.2 %; 221.3 U/mg) was achieved at optimized conditions. The optimum temperature of CLLAs-GA and CLLAs-GA-BSA increased to 35 °C and 40 °C, respectively, from 30 °C in its free rlevblg1. At high temperature (50 °C), the half-life of CLLAs-GA-BSA was higher than that of free rlevblg1 and CLLAs-GA. The reusability of CLLAs for 8 cycles was retained more than 50 % activity. The Vmax value of CLLAs-GA-BSA (21.97 U/mg) was increased by 14.3 % from the free rlevblg1 (19.23 U/mg). Dialdehyde starch-tapioca (DAST) was successfully developed and used to cross-link levanase to form CLLAs-DAST and CLLAs-DAST-BSA which showed activity recovery of 65.6 % (119.8 U/mg) and 81.6 % (149.0 U/mg), respectively. After DAST cross-linking, the pH and thermal stability increased, and the tolerance in organic solvents improved which resulted in an activation of CLLAs. A kinetic study revealed that CLLAs-DAST (16.72 mg/mL) and CLLAs-DAST-BSA (16.58 mg/mL) had higher affinity (Km) toward levan than that of CLLAs-GA (20.52 mg/mL) and CLLAs-GA-BSA (18.20 mg/mL). Thus, improving substrate accessibility with higher effectiveness factors especially at higher levan concentrations (10-12 mg/mL). The highest total L-FOS was achieved by CLLAs-DAST-BSA (78.9 % (w/v)), followed by CLLAs-DAST (62.4 %(w/v)), free rlevblg1 (51.2 % (w/v)), CLLAs-GA-BSA (50.1 % (w/v)) and CLLAs-GA (35.6 % (w/v)), after 3 h reaction. Although CLLAs formation using glutaraldehyde has produced an active and stable CLLAs, diffusion limitation at higher substrate concentrations reduced the L-FOS synthesis. In conclusion, DAST as a cross-linker may have application prospects as a promising and green biocatalyst for product formation such as L-FOS

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis in determining the saliva protein of orthodontic patients during retention phase

The biological responses involved during retention phase have been studied for many years but little is known about the effect of saliva proteome during retention phase of post-orthodontic treatment. This study aims to identify the protein profiles during retention phase in relation to biological processes involved by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) approach. A total of 5 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from each subject (10 non-orthodontic patients and 15 post-orthodontic patients with 6-months retention phase). Samples were then subjected to LC-MS analysis. The expressed proteins were identified and compared between groups. Incisor irregularity for both maxilla and mandible were determined with Little?s Irregularity Index at 6-months retention phase. 146 proteins and 135 proteins were expressed in control and 6-months retention phase group respectively. 15 proteins were identified to be co-expressed between groups. Immune system process was only detected in 6-months retention phase group. Detected protein in immune system process was identified as Tyrosine-protein kinase Tec. Statistical significant of incisor irregularity was only found in mandible at 6-months retention phase. Our study suggests that immune system process protein which is Tyrosine-protein kinase Tec could be used as biomarker for prediction of stability during retention phase of post-orthodontic treatment

Service quality in UUM sport centre and its impact on UUM students satisfactions

This research aimed to identify the significant relationship between quality of service at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) Sport Centre its impact toward UUM students satisfaction by using SERVQUAL model.A field survey of UUM Sport Centre service quality was conducted in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) that located at Sintok, Kedah in which involved UUM students’ participation as the research target group.This study aimed to identifying which dimensions of SERVQUAL model has the greatest influence on UUM student’s satisfaction.The five SERVQUAL dimensions are tangible, responsiveness, assurance, reliability, and empathy as independent variables, while students’ satisfaction is the dependent variable. SERVQUAL model was tested to determine and measure their relationship with UUM student’s satisfaction.Over 200 questionnaires were distributed to respondents through judgment sampling.The finding shows that UUM students tend to be satisfied with UUM Sport Centre service quality whereby the score of mean and the regression indicated that assurance dimension as the highest influences of UUM students’ satisfaction.Therefore, UUM Sport Centre shall response aggressively in positive manner to improve the quality of service provided which focus more on assurance dimension of SERVQUAL. Recommendation for future research was also put forward

A study on the difference between radical innovation and incremental improvement in pre-development practices of NPD projects

This paper presents an exploratory study of pre-development practices in Malaysian food and beverage manufacturing SMEs.A questionnaire survey is used to explore the difference in pre-development implementation practices between radical and incremental new product development (NPD) projects. The survey was performed at 164 food and beverage manufacturing SMEs. The respondents were chosen from those who are directly involved with pre-development practices, such as the owner/CEO of the SMEs.The analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 17. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test were carried out to generate and validate the results observed.The significant difference values for independent-samples t-test 1s less than .05 (p≤O.05). Survey results revealed the differences in pre-development implementation practices between radical and incremental NPD projects for several activities in pre-development phases Incremental NPD projects considered listening to customer needs (p=0.00) is an important activity during idea generation phase, however radical NPD projects emphasis that analysis of competitors' products (p=0.02) and continuous product Improvement (p=O.OO) are crucial.Mean while during development of new product concept phase, and project evaluation phase radical NPD projects were more innovative compared to incremental NPD projects In several activities such as creating prototypes/product samples, linking company's operational capabilities with proposed product, and conducting a formal risk analysis.The significant values of the activities were between 0.00 and 0.04 which is lower than significant level 0.05

A brief review of immobilized oxidoreductase enzymes for the removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals from wastewater

Modern technological of human activities in industries or housing areas have created an unhealthy environment, particularly through unmanageable wastewater. For the time being, this kind of pollution is getting serious as it caused the emerging pollutant actively to spread to humans and living organisms. These non-biodegradable pollutants, to be specifically known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are synthetic or natural chemicals that have high toxicity and persistency which can interfere with the endocrine system in humans and animals. The removal of EDCs has received high attraction among researchers using physical-chemical treatments, however, conventional techniques do not effectively remove EDCs from wastewater. This review aims to discuss research related to biological approaches that have been carried out to efficiently remove EDCs from wastewater using oxidoreductase enzymes, especially via an immobilization strategy. In general, free enzymes have limitations to be applied in industrial scales such as low stability and fragility, and unable to separate from the bulk solution. On the other hand, immobilized enzymes offer better operational stability and reusability in harsh environments. This review also discussed the bioremediation of EDCs using several immobilized oxidoreductase enzymes like lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidases (MnP), horseradish peroxidases (HRP), laccases and tyrosinases. The application of immobilized enzymes and factors affecting the bioremediation using oxidoreductase enzymes were also explored to highlight their potential for the removal of EDCs from wastewater

Vortex Enterprise : Portable Automated Whiteboard Eraser / Muhammad Shufiuddin Sabilan ...[et al.]

We registered our business on 16 January 2016, while the date of our commercial is on 29 February 2016. Each of us at least has 1 year of working experience. Each of us contributed our money and also loan from bank in order to establish the capital for our business. We have partnership agreement and each of us need to sign it by as to show that we have agreed with the terms and condition. Last but not least, we are expecting that our company, Vortex Enterprise will become a well-known company for providing trusted equipment in the academic Institution that bring benefits to the society and much more to the future

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Perkembangan literasi melalui teknik dan pendekatan pengajaran dan pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan murid di Tadika Khalifah Didik, Ampang

Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji perkembangan literasi awal murid melalui teknik dan pendekatan yang digunakan oleh guru sewaktu sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran berlaku. Seterusnya, kajian ini turut mengkaji teknik yang sesuai untuk mendorong murid dalam proses pemerolehan bahasa. Kajian cuba mengenal pasti cara murid belajar mengembangkan tahap literasi mereka melalui pendekatan dan teknik yang digunakan oleh guru sewaktu sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran berlaku. Seramai 30 orang murid terlibat. Mereka dibahagikan kepada 3 buah kumpulan. Setiap kumpulan akan dibimbing oleh seorang guru. Ketiga-tiga kumpulan ini akan menjalankan aktiviti yang serupa tetapi menggunakan pendekatan yang berbeza oleh guru masing-masing. Kajian ini dilakukan secara kajian kualitatif menggunakan Teori Pembelajaran Bloom dan Teori Behaviorisme. Instrumen kajian dilakukan dengan cara perbincangan dan analisis data, membandingkan dapatan kajian yang diperoleh dengan sorotan kajian lepas yang hampir menyamai kajian ini. Penyelidik merujuk standard kandungan dan standard pembelajaran yang terkandung dalam Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah kebangsaan dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia sebagai panduan untuk mengukur tahap prestasi murid. Pendapat tokoh penyelidikan bahasa kanak-kanak diambil sebagai bahan untuk mengukuhkan kebolehpercayaan dan menyokong dapatan kajian yang diperoleh