Pinning in Radial Flow Moving Bed Reactor

For certain types of chemical reactors where the catalyst decays rapidly but reversibly, continuous operation is possible by use of a Radial Flow Moving Bed Reactor (RFMBR). A Continuous Catalyst Regeneration (CCR) reformer unit is one of the industrial units using the RFMBR. RFMBR can be simply described as a reactor where the catalyst flows downward by gravity and the feed gas flow radially across the reactor and leaves through a center pipe. In this type of reactor there is an upper limit on the gas flowrate imposed by a mechanical phenomenon called "pinning". "Pinning" is when the catalyst particles are pinned against the center pipe due to high gas velocity. Understanding the pinning and the fuctors influencing it is required for the CCR reformer process engineers before doing any plant optimization. By conducting the experiment we can study the effect the flowrate of gas to the maximum pinned film thickness

Pinning in Radial Flow Moving Bed Reactor

For certain types of chemical reactors where the catalyst decays rapidly but reversibly, continuous operation is possible by use of a Radial Flow Moving Bed Reactor (RFMBR). A Continuous Catalyst Regeneration (CCR) reformer unit is one of the industrial units using the RFMBR. RFMBR can be simply described as a reactor where the catalyst flows downward by gravity and the feed gas flow radially across the reactor and leaves through a center pipe. In this type of reactor there is an upper limit on the gas flowrate imposed by a mechanical phenomenon called "pinning". "Pinning" is when the catalyst particles are pinned against the center pipe due to high gas velocity. Understanding the pinning and the fuctors influencing it is required for the CCR reformer process engineers before doing any plant optimization. By conducting the experiment we can study the effect the flowrate of gas to the maximum pinned film thickness

Initial Investigation on Privacy Preferences: A Preliminary Study on User Priority, Concern, Perception and Expectation

This paper reports on the findings of an initial study on the user’s preference towards their own privacy. The study is important in having user’s opinion especially when dealing with security of their privacy. It is vital to know what the most important priorities are when dealing with privacy as this could lead to the requirements that the user expected when using a website. In addition, this study tried to gather information of user perceptions on privacy and the expectations that they have when dealing with organizations through a survey by using questionnaires. Results showed that Malaysians does have privacy concerns when dealing with organizations. Therefore, this study has achieved the objective s of gathering data on user perceptions and expectations towards privacy

Selected heavy metals content in commercial fishes at different season landed at Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia Complex (LKIM) Complex, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Fish is a common table food consumed by people for protein nourishment in Kuala Terengganu state. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the bioaccumulation level of selected heavy metals; copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in muscle of four most popular and landed fish species which are Nemipterus furcosus (Fork-tailed threadfin bream), Katsuwonus pelamis (Skipjack tuna), Decapterus macrosoma (Shortfin scad) and Atule mate (Yellowtail scad) which were caught at different season and landed at Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia Complex, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 30 individuals for each species were collected during monsoon (December 2015) and non-monsoon season (September 2016). Concentrations of these heavy metals (Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were determined by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after 0.05 g of dried samples were digested with 1.5 mL of Suprapur nitric acid. The average concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb for samples of non-monsoon season are 3.31±0.26 mg/kg dry wt., 14.9±2.68 mg/kg dry wt., 9.12±3.45 mg/kg dry wt., 0.05±0.01 mg/kg dry wt. and 0.23±0.08 mg/kg dry wt., respectively. On the other hand, the average concentration of the same metals in samples of monsoon season are 5.25±1.23 mg/kg dry wt. for Cu, 32.7±9.67 mg/kg dry wt. for Zn, 24.9±6.77 mg/kg dry wt. for As, 0.11±0.07 mg/kg dry wt. for Cd and 0.66±0.21 mg/kg dry wt. for Pb, respectively. Generally, the average metals concentrations in this study were below the permitted levels set by Malaysian Food Act 1983 and Food Regulation 1985 except for As and Cd. However, the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) have been calculated for each metals and found that the PTWI value for Cd in K. pelamis caught during monsoon season was exceeded the permitted level set by FAO/WHO. This study would be useful for creation of guidelines to protect the public from the harmful effects of the toxicant present in the fish that is consumed by Kuala Terengganu people

Treatment of biodiesel wastewater using ferric chloride and ferric sulfate

The production of biodiesel through the transesterification method produces a large amount of wastewater that contains high level of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil and grease. In this study, coagulation was adopted to treat the biodiesel wastewater. Two types of coagulants were examined using standard jar test apparatus, i.e. ferric chloride and ferric sulfate. The effects of pH and coagulant dosage were examined at 150 rpm of rapid mixing and 20 rpm slow mixing and 30 min settling time, higher removal of SS (over 80%), colour (over 80%), COD (over 50%) and Oil and Grease (over 90%) were achieved at pH 6. Ferric Chloride was found to be superior was observed at reasonable lower amount of coagulant i.e. 300 mg/L. The result indicated that coagulation and flocculation process had contributed bigger roles in integrated treatment system

A conceptual model of ubiquitous language learning environment (ULLE)

Ubiquitous learning is a popular option amongst students and educators.The landscape of learning environments, however, has become blurry with the fusion of technology. Recent developments in ubiquitous technologies provide new learning paradigms for learning, which goes far beyond the traditional learning paradigms.This paper proposes a conceptual model for Ubiquitous Language Learning Environment (ULLE).It begins by briefly describing the definition and comparison of characteristics in ubiquitous learning followed by proposing the conceptual model of ULLE.ULLE is an integrated learning environment that combines technical, physical, informational and social settings. ULLE ensures more effective and efficient integration amongst school, home and surrounding environment.The essential elements of this model are the integration and coordination of language school, home and other places where learning can take place anywhere and anytime.The type of interaction in ULLE consists of three main subjects such as the people, the objects in the real world and the artifacts in virtual space. With the implementation of ULLE, anyone could benefit the access to the right language learning knowledge anywhere and anytime using any device at their own convenience

Sustaining the well-being of family with working spouse: income sharing dimension / Fadhilah Adibah Ismail … [et al.]

Muslim families traditionally maintain the conservative role of mothers being at home to manage family matters including bringing up children and juggling up with house-chores. Nevertheless, it is now becoming phenomenon in Malaysia where wives work to assist their husbands financially. The main aim is to ease the financial burden of the family as the present cost of living is increasing and financially demanding. This phenomenon however, may affect the family wellbeing as the time spent by the wives at home is limited hence disturbing the normal routine of managing the household chores, educating the children and taking care of them. The children might be somewhat neglected while the household chores might be out of control. In fact, there were also cases where financially independent working wives resulted in the husband being negligent in spending for the family needs, causing the wives to take care of almost all of the expenses of the household. This has led to many cases of marital problem. Hence, this study aims to examine the well-being of families where the wives are mostly working. There are several dimensions of maintaining family well-being such as the income and spending aspects of working spouses, time spent with family, conflicts encountered, health of family members and balance of savings at month end. This study only focused on the income and spending aspects of working spouses. The study adopts quantitative method through survey. Finding of the study implied that sharing of income by the wives would contribute to the sustainability and happiness of a marriage. This study is expected to add to the new frontier of knowledge in understanding the importance of income sharing between working husband and wife including the challenges they might encounter

User Experience Design of Web-Based BPKAD Asset Mapping using Kansei Engineering

User Experience (UX) is an integral part of software development, one of which is web-based mapping. Several factors that affect that UX is acceptable to users include visual aesthetics, ease of menu hierarchy, component layout and display coloring. There are several things that are not implied in UX development, namely the psychological factor of the user in which there is emotion and feeling. This research is located at BPKAD Palembang City which has purposing to 1) Analyzing user psychological factors in terms of feelings and emotions in designing web-based UX for the Palembang City BPKAD Regional Asset Mapping, 2) Interpreting user psychological factors into web-based design elements of the Palembang City BPKAD Regional Asset Mapping. The research stages include determining Kansei Word; Structuring SD Scale; Collecting and Validating Web-Based Mapping Specimen; Category and Item Design Classification; Participant Data Evaluation; Data Analysis and Defining Design Elements. The final result is 5 emotion concepts, these are dynamic & well-organized concept, refreshing concept, spacious concept, professional concept and nautical-look concept. The DEs generated from PLS analysis for dynamic & well-organized concepts are 27 DEs, refreshing concept is 15 DEs, spacious concept is 17 DEs, professional concept is 18 DEs and nautical-look concept is 18 DEs

Identification of Chemical Constituents of Oroxylum Indicum (Bonglai) Hydrosol (Remaining Water After Oil Distillation) Extracted By Hydrodistillation Method

Oroxylum Indicum (Indian Trumpet Flower) or called Bonglai in Malay is a medicinal plant widely used, especially in the Indian medicine system. Oroxylum Indicum can be extracted by the hydrodistillation method to obtain the essential oil and hydrosol. Nevertheless, the chemical constituents of the hydrosol of the leaves are yet to be determined as hydrosol is always discarded, leading to the wastage of products. Thus, this study investigated the chemical constituents of Oroxylum Indicum leaves hydrosol extracted by hydrodistillation by varying temperatures and determined the functional groups of the active constituents in the leaves for the benefit and usage in pharmaceutical industries. Hydro distillation is carried out at different temperatures to study the effect of temperatures on the active compounds in the hydrosol. The hydrosol sample of the leaves will be extracted by hydrodistillation method at temperatures of 50℃, 70℃ and 80℃ and separated via rotary evaporator, and later analyzed by GC-MS and FTIR analysis. This study will help us to identify the value and amount yield of the chemical constituents of Oroxylum Indicum leaves hydrosol which will be able to determine whether it will have significant values equal to the essential oil. From FTIR analysis, the functional groups for all samples are the same which are O-H stretch, H- bonded, N-H stretch and C=C stretch. The chemical constituents of Oroxylum Indicum hydrosol were determined by GC-MS analysis. The major components of hydrosol produced at 50℃ are squalene (10.44%), 2ethylehexyl palmitate (8.56%), palmitic acid (7.50%), and di-n-2-propyl pentyl phthalate (1.69%), and at 70℃ is acetic acid (5.88%) only, while at 80℃ are only traces components respectively. This is due to most compounds contained may be decomposed during the preparation of samples prior to both analyses also the efficiency of the system and procedure during the extraction

Impact of connecting tuberculosis directly observed therapy short-course with smoking cessation on health-related quality of life

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With evolving evidence of association between tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco smoking, recommendations for the inclusion of tobacco cessation interventions in TB care are becoming increasingly important and more widely disseminated. Connecting TB and tobacco cessation interventions has been strongly advocated as this may yield better outcomes. However, no study has documented the impact of such connection on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The objective of this study was to document the impact of an integrated TB directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) plus smoking cessation intervention (SCI) on HRQoL.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a multi-centered non-randomized controlled study involving 120 TB patients who were current smokers at the time of TB diagnosis in Malaysia. Patients were assigned to either of two groups: the usual TB-DOTS plus SCI (SCIDOTS group) or the usual TB-DOTS only (DOTS group). The effect of the novel strategy on HRQoL was measured using EQ-5D questionnaire. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to examine the effects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>When compared, participants who received the integrated intervention had a better HRQoL than those who received the usual TB care. The SCIDOTS group had a significantly greater increase in EQ-5D utility score than the DOTS group during 6 months follow-up (mean ± SD = 0.98 ± 0.08 vs. 0.91 ± 0.14, <it>p </it>= 0.006). Similarly, the mean scores for EQ-VAS showed a consistently similar trend as the EQ-5D indices, with the scores increasing over the course of TB treatment. Furthermore, for the EQ-VAS, there were significant main effects for group [F (1, 84) = 4.91, <it>p </it>= 0.029, η²= 0.06], time [F (2, 168) = 139.50, <it>p </it>= < 0.001, η²= 0.62] and group x time interaction [F (2, 168) = 13.89, <it>p </it>= < 0.001, η²= 0.14].</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study supports the evidence that an integrated TB-tobacco treatment strategy could potentially improve overall quality of life outcomes among TB patients who are smokers.</p