ADMINISTRATIVE CORRUPTION AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN IRAQ: FINDING AND ANALYSIS

The good governance in Iraq can only be achieved when the corruption in the public sector is eliminated. This can be achieved only when there is an equality at work among the public servants in order for them to achieve job satisfaction in terms of their salaries and job description. It was found that job satisfaction is the main factor that contributes to the reduction of corruption. This article discusses the relationship between good governance and the administrative corruption. It outlines the findings and results that have been done among public servants. This study was made possible by all the public servants who have contributed to the findings by filling up the questionnaires which reflected real opinions and thoughts on corruption and the effort towards good governance in Iraq. The survey participants also left valuable feedbacks with regard to the questions. The feedbacks were very useful as more insights gained on the applications of good governance in Iraq and the quest for seeking real and conceptual reasons corruption takes place in Iraq

ADMINISTRATIVE CORRUPTION AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN IRAQ: FINDING AND ANALYSIS

The good governance in Iraq can only be achieved when the corruption in the public sector is eliminated. This can be achieved only when there is an equality at work among the public servants in order for them to achieve job satisfaction in terms of their salaries and job description. It was found that job satisfaction is the main factor that contributes to the reduction of corruption. This article discusses the relationship between good governance and the administrative corruption. It outlines the findings and results that have been done among public servants. This study was made possible by all the public servants who have contributed to the findings by filling up the questionnaires which reflected real opinions and thoughts on corruption and the effort towards good governance in Iraq. The survey participants also left valuable feedbacks with regard to the questions. The feedbacks were very useful as more insights gained on the applications of good governance in Iraq and the quest for seeking real and conceptual reasons corruption takes place in Iraq

Students’ perceptions and experiences about the combined inductive-deductive approach in intermediate grammar class

This research study investigates students’ perceptions and experiences about using the combined inductive-deductive approach in teaching English grammar in intermediate grammar class. The study employed a mixed methods design to answer the research questions. We used a questionnaire including four aspects according to ARCS Model to answer the first research question through examining the perceptions of 65 university students majoring English. Then five of 65 students were selected to be interviewed to explore their experiences on the combined inductive-deductive approach to answer the second research question. The results of the questionnaire and the interviews reveal that most students prefer the combined approach to teaching English grammar although they have positive perceptions towards the inductive or the deductive approach. The combined approach can provide students with better understanding of grammar and keep them involved and interactive in the learning process. Therefore, this current study suggests that further research should be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the combined approach in the process of teaching grammar and teachers’ perceptions towards such approach

Calix[4]pyrrole macrocycle: Extraction of fluoride anions from aqueous media

Solid-phase extraction of fluoride anions by calixpyrrole macrocycle (CP) from aqueous media has been studied using the batch method. Various significant extraction parameters like initial concentration of the anion, extraction time, concentration of the calixpyrrole, pH and temperature were evaluated. Langmuir, Freundlichand, Dubinin-Redushkevish (D-R) isotherms and coefficients were used to analyze the equilibrium data. The amount of fluoride anion extracted per unit of the CP was found to be 0.40 mg/g at 298 K from 19 mg/L aqueous solution of fluoride anions. The mean free energy calculated from D-R model for the removal of fluoride anions by the CP was found to be 10.0 kJ/mol, indicating that chemisorption is involved in the extraction process. The data were also fitted to kinetic models such as pseudo first order and pseudo second order. The removal of fluoride anions increased with increasing temperature indicating the endothermic nature of the extraction process. The present method has been compared with the previous methods

Integration for special third-order ordinary differential equations using improved Runge-Kutta direct method

In this paper, we derive an explicit four stage fifth-order Improved Runge-Kutta (IRKD) method for numerical integration of special third-order ordinary differential equation. The method proposed here is two-step in nature and require less number of stages per step compared with the existing Runge-Kutta (RK) method. The stability polynomial of the IRKD method is presented. Numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method compared to the RK method and direct Runge-Kutta (RKD) method for solving special third-order ordinary differential equations

Recent developments of smart electromagnetic absorbers based polymer-composites at gigahertz frequencies

The rapid increase in electromagnetic interference has received a serious attention from researchers who responded by producing a variety of radar absorbing materials especially at high gigahertz frequencies. Ongoing investigation is being carried out in order to find the best absorbing materials which can fulfill the requirements for smart absorbing materials which are lightweight, broad bandwidth absorption, stronger absorption etc. Thus, to improve the absorbing capability, several important parameters need to be taken into consideration such as filler type, loading level, type of polymer matrix, physical thickness, grain sizes, layers and bandwidth. Therefore, this article introduces the electromagnetic wave absorption mechanisms and then reveals and reviews those parameters that enhance the absorption performance

Compositional and frequency dependent-magnetic and microwave characteristics of indium substituted yttrium iron garnet

Effect of In3+ ion substitutions on yttrium iron garnet samples’ morphology, magnetic properties and dc electrical resistivity was examined closely and reported in this study. A series of polycrystalline garnet ferrites with composition of Y3Fe5−xInxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) were prepared by using the mechanical alloying technique. The morphological properties of the samples was analysed by using a TEM, XRD, FESEM and EDX. The electrical dc resistivity of the samples was investigated as a function of temperature and composition by using a Picoammeter, the complex permeability was analysed by using an Impedance Materials Analyzer meanwhile microwave properties was measured by using VNA. The lattice constant increases as In3+ content increases which can be understood by the difference in ionic radii of In3+ ions replacing the smaller Fe3+ ions. The grain size also increased with In3+ content, indicating that the In3+ ion acts as a grain growth promoter. Both complex permeability components, µ′ and µ″ reaching about 92.75 and 85.03 respectively at x = 0.3; later decreased with further In substitution. This result is synchronized with FMR linewidth which manifests magnetic loss of the samples. By correlating the phase analysis, morphology, electrical resistivity and complex permeability results, it is believed that there was an increase in number of crystalline-growth regions with increasing In3+ content, which together increased a total mass of ferromagnetic grains with the latter starting to dominate the samples. The results also showed that In3+ ions increase the dc resistivity of the system

Comparative studies on strategies for combating corruption between Nigeria and Iraq

Corruption is the great ailment that disturbed most of the nation states across the globe, its predicament is worst in the developing states than developed one. The sinister of corrupt practices have attracted the attention of international community to designed some strategies for combating its menace, this has adversely makes the member states to masterminds their strategies or review the existent one for enhancing probity, accountability and national development. This study compares the strategies for combating corruption between Nigeria and Iraq. The study employed qualitative techniques through interview method in obtaining data from the stakeholders, academics and politicians. The study revealed that both Nigeria and Iraq have institutional strategies for fighting against grafts in their country. It was also revealed that the strategies are effective in Nigeria while they are ineffective in Iraq; it also pointed that all strategies were facing some challenges such as autonomy, political interference, and funding, inadequate staff among others. The paper recommends that the anti-grafts institutions should be strengthen, holistic approach, and enhancing political will towards discarding the above challenges facing the institutions. The role of the media and civil society should also be recognized in fighting against corruption in their respective states

Dependence of magnetic and microwave loss on evolving microstructure in yttrium iron garnet

The parallel magnetic and microwave loss dependence on microstructural evolutions in several polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet samples were studied in detail, focusing on the attendant occurrence of their relationships. In this study, polycrystalline YIG samples were synthesized by employing the mechanical alloying technique and sintering toroidal compacts at temperatures from 600 to 1400 °C. The samples were characterized for their evolution in crystalline phases, structure, microstructure, magnetic hysteresis parameters, microwave losses and electrical resistivity. The results showed an increasing tendency of the saturation magnetization with grain size, which is attributed to crystallinity increase in the grains. The M–H hysteresis loop results showed a transition from disordered-to-ordered magnetism which belongs to different magnetically dominant stages of formation. The starting appearance of room temperature ferromagnetic order suggested by the sigmoid-shaped loops seems to be dependent on crystallinity, phase purity and a sufficient number of large enough magnetic domain-containing grains having been formed in the microstructure. An increasing trend of transmission loss with grain size may be attributed to increment of loss contribution from hysteresis and domain wall resonance of the samples. The changes in crystallinity and microstructure, and the associated processes of microwave resonance and relaxation due to domain wall movements and damping of spin rotation contributes to the variations in transmission loss and ferromagnetic linewidth of the samples. The increased electrical resistivity while the microstructure was evolving is believed to strongly indicates improved phase purity and compositional stoichiometry

A Study of Multiferroic BiFeO3/Epoxy Resin Composite as Potential Coating Materials for Microwave Absorption

A single layer of BiFeO3 (BFO)/epoxy resin composite with thickness of 3 mm was fabricated by polymerized 70 wt% of sintered BFO as fillers and 30 wt% of epoxy resin polymer as matrix. The electromagnetic and the microwave absorption properties of BFO/epoxy resin composite were reported. The reflection loss (RL) of the same composite sample was measured by two different techniques of measurement, S11a parameter (without metal backed reflector) and S11b parameter (with metal backed reflector) in the range of 8-18 GHz using a network analyzer. Minimum RL (RLmin) from S11b parameter for BFO/epoxy resin composite with metal backed is lower than the RLmin from S11a composite without metal backed reflector. In details, the results showed BFO/epoxy resin composite with metal backed can achieve a strong absorption with RLmin of -40.5 dB over a 1.31 GHz bandwidth