El dengue como una enfermedad vectorial demostrando las posibles causas y soluciones a este problema endémico

El dengue, una enfermedad viral transmitida por el mosquito Aedes Aegypti. No existen medicamentos que la curen, ni vacuna quela prevenga; solo es posible evitarla recurriendo a dos medidas básicas que pueden aplicarse para evitar su propagación: eliminando los criaderos de mosquitos y con la prevención de las picaduras de mosquitos. Las comunidades deben adoptar medidas de precaución contra los brotes epidémicos de dengue y fiebre hemorrágica de dengue. La temática “Prevención del Dengue” y la investigación se realizo por medio de encuestas, para determinar los conocimientos que sobre el dengue maneja la población; pudiéndose así establecer acciones para la prevención de esta grave enfermedad. Intentamos con este proyecto de investigación exponer el panorama actual del dengue en nuestras comunidades presentando aspectos importantes como las acciones que se realizan para su prevención, los programas ideados por el estado a nivel local, departamental y nacional. En nuestro país la presencia del dengue es permanente a pesar de los esfuerzos que se hacen a nivel mundial para concientizar a la gente de la importancia de prevenir esta enfermedad que no tiene tratamiento eficaz; de ahí surge nuestro interés de trabajarlo e investigarlo para darle a la comunidad herramientas adecuadas para su prevención. cDengue, a viral disease transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. There are no medications that cure or vaccine prevents chelates, it is only possible to avoid using two basic measures that can be applied to prevent its spread: eliminating mosquito breeding sites and prevent mosquito bites. Communities must take precautionary measures against outbreaks of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The theme "Prevention of Dengue" and research was conducted through surveys to determine the knowledge about dengue manage the population and being able to undertake measures to prevent this serious disease. We tried this research project to expose the current dengue situation in our communities by presenting important aspects such as the actions taken for prevention programs designed by the state to local, departmental and national levels. In our country the presence of dengue is continuing despite the efforts being made worldwide to raise awareness of the importance of preventing this disease that has no effective treatment, hence arises our interest to work it and investigate it to give community tools to prevent them

Decidualized human decidual stromal cells inhibit chemotaxis of activated T cells: a potential mechanism of maternal-fetal immune tolerance

BackgroundNumerous lines of evidence confirm that decidual stromal cells (DSCs) play a key role in maternal–fetal immune tolerance. Under the influence of progesterone and other hormones, the DSCs go through a process of differentiation (decidualization) during normal pregnancy. In mice, DSCs inhibit the expression of chemokines that attract abortigenic Th1 and Tc cells to the decidua. We have studied this phenomenon in humans.MethodsWe established human DSC lines and decidualized these cells in vitro with progesterone and cAMP. We determined the expression of the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose receptor CXCR3 is expressed by Th1 and Tc cells, in undifferentiated DSCs and decidualized DSCs by qRT-PCR. Activated CD3+CXCR3+ cells, including CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ Tc cells, were induced in vitro. The migration capacity of these activated lymphocytes was investigated in Transwell chambers with conditioned media from undifferentiated and decidualized DSCs.ResultsWe demonstrated that CXCL9 was not expressed by DSCs, whereas the expression of CXCL10 and CXCL11 was inhibited in decidualized cells. Conditioned media from decidualized cells significantly inhibited the migration of Th1 and Tc cells. We found that decidualized cells secrete factors of MW less than 6000–8000 Da, which actively inhibit the chemotaxis of these lymphocytes.DiscussionThese results confirm in humans that decidualization of DSCs inhibits the expression by these cells of chemokines that attract Th1 and Tc cells and induces the secretion by DSCs of factors that inhibit the chemotaxis of these lymphocytes, thus preventing the arrival of abortigenic T cells in the decidua

Perinatal Derivatives: Where Do We Stand? A Roadmap of the Human Placenta and Consensus for Tissue and Cell Nomenclature

Progress in the understanding of the biology of perinatal tissues has contributed to the breakthrough revelation of the therapeutic effects of perinatal derivatives (PnD), namely birth-associated tissues, cells, and secreted factors. The significant knowledge acquired in the past two decades, along with the increasing interest in perinatal derivatives, fuels an urgent need for the precise identification of PnD and the establishment of updated consensus criteria policies for their characterization. The aim of this review is not to go into detail on preclinical or clinical trials, but rather we address specific issues that are relevant for the definition/characterization of perinatal cells, starting from an understanding of the development of the human placenta, its structure, and the different cell populations that can be isolated from the different perinatal tissues. We describe where the cells are located within the placenta and their cell morphology and phenotype. We also propose nomenclature for the cell populations and derivatives discussed herein. This review is a joint effort from the COST SPRINT Action (CA17116), which broadly aims at approaching consensus for different aspects of PnD research, such as providing inputs for future standards for the processing and in vitro characterization and clinical application of PnD.Austrian Science Fund (FWF) DOC 31-B26Medical University GrazUniversita Cattolica del Sacro CuorePRIN 2017 program of Italian Ministry of Research and University (MIUR) 2017RSAFK7Ministry of Health, Italy GR-2018-12366992Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P3-0108MRIC UL IP-0510Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de InnovacionISCIII Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la InvestigacionMinisterio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain PI16/01642European Union (EU)European Community (EC)German Research Foundation (DFG) GE-2223/2-

Targeting the Neurokinin Receptor 1 with Aprepitant: A Novel Antipruritic Strategy

Chronic pruritus is a global clinical problem with a high impact on the quality of life and lack of specific therapies. It is an excruciating and frequent symptom of e.g. uncurable renal, liver and skin diseases which often does not respond to conventional treatment with e.g. antihistamines. Therefore antipruritic therapies which target physiological mechanisms of pruritus need to be developed. Substance P (SP) is a major mediator of pruritus. As it binds to the neurokinin receptor 1 (NKR1), we evaluated if the application of a NKR1 antagonist would significantly decrease chronic pruritus.Twenty hitherto untreatable patients with chronic pruritus (12 female, 8 male; mean age, 66.7 years) were treated with the NKR1 antagonist aprepitant 80 mg for one week. 16 of 20 patients (80%) experienced a considerable reduction of itch intensity, as assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS, range 0 to 10). Considering all patients, the mean value of pruritus intensity was significantly reduced from 8.4 VAS points (SD +/-1.7) before treatment to 4.9 VAS points (SD +/-3.2) (p<0.001, CI 1.913-5.187). Patients with dermatological diseases (e.g. atopic diathesis, prurigo nodularis) had the best profit from the treatment. Side-effects were mild (nausea, vertigo, and drowsiness) and only occurred in three patients.The high response rate in patients with therapy refractory pruritus suggests that the NKR1 antagonist aprepitant may indeed exhibit antipruritic effects and may present a novel, effective treatment strategy based on pathophysiology of chronic pruritus. The results are promising enough to warrant confirming the efficacy of NKR1 antagonists in a randomized, controlled clinical trial

CYM: Control Your Motorbike

El proyecto CYM (Control Your Motorbike) pretende dar una solución más barata y efectiva a unos de los principales problemas de los usuarios de las motocicletas: que este sea sustraido. El problema de las alarmas convencionales: El precio. CYM ofrece la posibilidad de controlar la alarma desde el dispositivo móvil (por lo que supone el ahorro del mando convencional) e integrar solo aquellas funciones realmente necesarias para la seguridad del vehículo. Además CYM permitirá que le usuario lleve un control sobre revisiones, renovaciones con el fin de ahorrar al usuario posibles multas o accidentes

Geografía del carbono en alta resolución en bosque tropical amazónio del Ecuador utilizando tecnología LiDAR aerotransportada

La estimación de la biomasa de la vegetación terrestre en bosque tropical es un tema de gran interés para reducir las emisiones de carbono asociadas a la deforestación y la degradación forestal (REDD+). Las estimaciones de densidad de carbono sobre el suelo (ACD) en base a inventarios de campo y datos provenientes de sensores aerotransportados, en especial con sensores LiDAR, han conducido a un progreso sustancial en el cartografiado a gran escala de las reservas de carbono forestal. Sin embargo, estos mapas de carbono tienen incertidumbres considerables, asociadas generalmente al proceso de calibración del modelo de regresión utilizado para producir los mapas. En este estudio se establece una metodología para la calibración y validación de un modelo general de estimación de ACD usando LiDAR en el Parque Nacional Yasuní en Ecuador. En el proceso de calibración del modelo se considera el tamaño y la ubicación de las parcelas, la influencia de la topografía y la distribución espacial de la biomasa. Para el ajuste y validación del modelo se propone un esquema de muestreo estratificado por posiciones topográficas (valle, ladera y cima). La validación del modelo general para toda la zona de estudio presentó valores de RMSE= 5.81 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.94 y sesgo= 0.59, mientras que, al considerar las posiciones topográficas, el modelo presentó valores de RMSE= 1.67 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.98 y sesgo= 0.23 para el valle; RMSE= 3.13 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.98 y sesgo= - 0.34 para la ladera; y RMSE= 2.33 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.97 y sesgo= 0.74 para la cima. Los resultados muestran el potencial de los datos LiDAR para caracterizar la estructura vertical de la vegetación en un bosque altamente diverso, permitiendo realizar estimaciones precisas de ACD, y conocer patrones espaciales continuos de la distribución de la biomasa aérea y del contenido de carbono en la zona de estudio. ----------ABSTRACT---------- Estimating biomass of terrestrial vegetation in tropical forest is not only a rapidly expanding research issue, but also a subject of high interest for reducing carbon emissions associated with deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). The aboveground carbon density estimates (ACD) based on field inventories and airborne sensors, especially LiDAR sensors have led to a substantial progress in large-scale mapping of forest carbon stocks. However, these carbon maps have uncertainties generally associated with the calibration of the regression model used to produce these maps. This work establishes a methodology for calibrating and validating a general ACD estimation model using LiDAR in Ecuador’s Yasuní National Park. The size and location of the plots are considered in the model calibration phase as well as the influence of topography and spatial distribution of biomass. For the adjustment and validation of the model a stratified sampling scheme by topographic positions (valley, slope and ridge) is proposed. The validation of the general model for the study area showed values of RMSE= 5.81 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.94 and bias= 0.59, while considering the topographical positions, the model showed values of RMSE= 1.67 Mg C ha-1 , R2= 0.98 and bias= 0.23 for the valley; RMSE= 3.13 Mg C ha-1, R2= 0.98 and bias= - 0.34 for the slope; and RMSE= 2.33 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.97 and bias= 0.74 for the ridge. The results show that the stratified sampling methodology taking into account topographic positions, effectively calibrates the general model with field estimates of ACD, reducing RMSE and bias. The results show the potential of LiDAR data to characterize the vertical structure of vegetation in a highly diverse forest, allowing accurate estimates of ACD, and knowing continuous spatial patterns of biomass distribution and carbon stocks in the study área. ----------RESUMO---------- A estimativa de biomassa da vegetação terrestre em bosque tropical é um tema de grande interesse para reduzir as emissões de carbono associadas ao desmatamento e a degradação florestal (REDD+). As estimativas de densidade de carbono sobre o solo (ACD) com base em inventários de campo e dados provenientes de sensores aerotransportados, em especial com sensores LiDAR, têm conduzido a um progresso substancial na cartografia de grande escala das reservas de carbono florestal. Entretanto, estes mapas de carbono têm incertezas consideráveis, associadas geralmente a processo de calibração do modelo de regressão utilizado para produzir os mapas. Neste estudo se estabelece uma metodologia para a calibração e validação de um modelo geral de estimação de ACD usando LiDAR no Parque Nacional Yasuní no Equador. No processo de calibração do modelo se considera o tamanho e a localização das parcelas, a influência da topografia e a distribuição espacial da biomassa. Para o ajuste e validação do modelo se propõe um esquema de amostragem estratificada por posições topográficas (vale, encosta e topo). A validação do modelo geral para toda a zona de estudo apresentou valores de RMSE= 5.81 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.94 e viés= 0.59, enquanto que, ao considerar as posições topográficas, o modelo apresentou valores de RMSE= 1.67 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.98 e viés= 0.23 para o vale; RMSE= 3.13 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.98 e viés= - 0.34 para a encosta; e RMSE= 2.33 Mg C ha-1 , R2 = 0.97 e viés= 0.74 para o topo. Os resultados mostram o potencial dos dados LiDAR para caracterizar a estrutura vertical da vegetação em bosque altamente diverso, permitindo realizar estimações precisas de ACD, e conhecer padrões espaciais contínuos da distribuição da biomassa aérea e do conteúdo de carbono na zona de estudo