The rethinking and enhancement of the natural and cultural heritage of the cultural landscapes: the case of Sečovlje and Janubio saltpans

Cultural landscapes represent a complex category where the nature-culture dichotomy seem to not be able to unfold the main features and the profound relations that humans have with the environment. Drawing on ethnographic data collected in the saltpans of Se-ovlje (Slovene Istria) and Janubio (Lanzarote--Canary Islands) this article examines informant`s perceptions about the awareness of the importance and the enhancement of the holistic values of both saltpans, as well as the impacts and benefits of tourism. Comparing these perceptions about both cultural landscapes, I try to suggest that the complex fruitfully relations between humans and nature in these saltpans are at odds with the neoliberal logic of nature which exploit and commoditize its resources depriving them of their respective agency. A sustainability to contrast the harmful activities of the market ought to be understood not as a simply isolation and fencing of nature for the sake of conservation, but as a preservation that need to foster the continuity of the deep interactions between human culture and non-human nature which are the core of the cultural landscapes

The Ethnographic Quest in the Midst of COVID-19

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has threatened ethnographic inquiry, undermining its quintessential characteristic. Participant observation, then, has been thoroughly dismembered by the radical measures implemented to prevent the spread of the virus. This phenomenon, in short, has dragged anthropologists to a liminal state within which ethnography is paradoxically caught in an onto-epistemological unstable vortex. The question of being here and not there, during the pandemic, is epitomised in the instability of different spatio-temporal contexts that overlap through technological mediations. Reflecting on previous fieldwork experiences and current virtual inquiries with the Shuar of the Ecuadorian Amazon unfolds how COVID-19 has thoroughly reshaped how the author approaches subjects' socio-ecological settings. Against this background, the article argues that corporeal immersion remains a necessary condition for the anthropological scrutiny of multispecies relationalities amidst the challenging times of the Anthropocene. The article nevertheless demonstrates that the intellectual efforts to grasp the different material temporalities of virtual spaces embrace the ethical principles concerning the renunciation of fieldwork with vulnerable communities. Furthermore, a reflective and speculative stance is proposed to actualise the snapshots of faraway physicalities linking them to past embodied and multi-sensory experiences. It is ultimately theorised how these mnemonic devices operate as creative forms of inquiry that overcome the pandemic consequences, extra-stimulating our cognitive capabilities to reflect on prior and possible socio-material interactions

The moral philosophy of nature: Spiritual Amazonian conceptualizations of the environment

It is well known the harmful effects that savage capitalism has been causing to the environment since its introduction in a sphere in which a different logic and approach to nature are the essential conditions for the maintenance of the ecosystem and its complex relations between humans and non-human organisms. The amazon rainforest is a portion of the planet in which for thousands of years its human dwellers have been interacting with nature that it is understood beyond its physical condition. Thus, to what extent Amazonian’s approaches to nature could be considered as a moral philosophy through which the way of conceptualizing nature and its non-human denizens enhances the continuity of life and the intimate relations between entities? To answer this question, I will explore the cosmological system of the Shuar of the Ecuadorian Amazon with whom I lived for 5 months between July and November 2018, and thereby elucidate the spiritual relations that this society has with the metaphysical domain of nature

Transcending human sociality: eco-cosmological relationships between entities in the ecosphere

Based on a discussion of the theoretical contributions of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Pierre Clastres, this article explores social relationships as more than a human dimension. Though strongly analysed by both anthropologists, these relationships appear to involve indigenous societies’ whole ecological and cosmological system. In this sense, reciprocity, social cohesion, and exchange can be understood as material and immaterial interrelationships between entities of a more than a corporeal world. I argue, then, that to go beyond the mere anthropocentric conceptualisation of sociality in a nature good to think, we need to holistically conceive the interconnected levels of trophic, socio-structural and socio-cosmic relationships and exchanges between human and non-human beings in the ecosystem

Transcending human sociality: eco-cosmological relationships between entities in the ecosphere

Based on a discussion of the theoretical contributions of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Pierre Clastres, this article explores social relationships as more than a human dimension. Though strongly analysed by both anthropologists, these relationships appear to involve indigenous societies’ whole ecological and cosmological system. In this sense, reciprocity, social cohesion, and exchange can be understood as material and immaterial interrelationships between entities of a more than a corporeal world. I argue, then, that to go beyond the mere anthropocentric conceptualisation of sociality in a nature good to think, we need to holistically conceive the interconnected levels of trophic, socio-structural and socio-cosmic relationships and exchanges between human and non-human beings in the ecosystem

The Ethnographic Quest in the Midst of COVID-19

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has threatened ethnographic inquiry, undermining its quintessential characteristic. Participant observation, then, has been thoroughly dismembered by the radical measures implemented to prevent the spread of the virus. This phenomenon, in short, has dragged anthropologists to a liminal state within which ethnography is paradoxically caught in an onto-epistemological unstable vortex. The question of being here and not there, during the pandemic, is epitomised in the instability of different spatio-temporal contexts that overlap through technological mediations. Reflecting on previous fieldwork experiences and current virtual inquiries with the Shuar of the Ecuadorian Amazon unfolds how COVID-19 has thoroughly reshaped how the author approaches subjects' socio-ecological settings. Against this background, the article argues that corporeal immersion remains a necessary condition for the anthropological scrutiny of multispecies relationalities amidst the challenging times of the Anthropocene. The article nevertheless demonstrates that the intellectual efforts to grasp the different material temporalities of virtual spaces embrace the ethical principles concerning the renunciation of fieldwork with vulnerable communities. Furthermore, a reflective and speculative stance is proposed to actualise the snapshots of faraway physicalities linking them to past embodied and multi-sensory experiences. It is ultimately theorised how these mnemonic devices operate as creative forms of inquiry that overcome the pandemic consequences, extra-stimulating our cognitive capabilities to reflect on prior and possible socio-material interactions

Transcending human sociality: eco-cosmological relationships between entities in the ecosphere

Based on a discussion of the theoretical contributions of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Pierre Clastres, this article explores social relationships as more than a human dimension. Though strongly analysed by both anthropologists, these relationships appear to involve indigenous societies’ whole ecological and cosmological system. In this sense, reciprocity, social cohesion, and exchange can be understood as material and immaterial interrelationships between entities of a more than a corporeal world. I argue, then, that to go beyond the mere anthropocentric conceptualisation of sociality in a nature good to think, we need to holistically conceive the interconnected levels of trophic, socio-structural and socio-cosmic relationships and exchanges between human and non-human beings in the ecosystem

The Ethnographic Quest in the Midst of COVID-19

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has threatened ethnographic inquiry, undermining its quintessential characteristic. Participant observation, then, has been thoroughly dismembered by the radical measures implemented to prevent the spread of the virus. This phenomenon, in short, has dragged anthropologists to a liminal state within which ethnography is paradoxically caught in an onto-epistemological unstable vortex. The question of being here and not there, during the pandemic, is epitomised in the instability of different spatio-temporal contexts that overlap through technological mediations. Reflecting on previous fieldwork experiences and current virtual inquiries with the Shuar of the Ecuadorian Amazon unfolds how COVID-19 has thoroughly reshaped how the author approaches subjects' socio-ecological settings. Against this background, the article argues that corporeal immersion remains a necessary condition for the anthropological scrutiny of multispecies relationalities amidst the challenging times of the Anthropocene. The article nevertheless demonstrates that the intellectual efforts to grasp the different material temporalities of virtual spaces embrace the ethical principles concerning the renunciation of fieldwork with vulnerable communities. Furthermore, a reflective and speculative stance is proposed to actualise the snapshots of faraway physicalities linking them to past embodied and multi-sensory experiences. It is ultimately theorised how these mnemonic devices operate as creative forms of inquiry that overcome the pandemic consequences, extra-stimulating our cognitive capabilities to reflect on prior and possible socio-material interactions

Disentangling human nature: Anthropological reflections on evolution, zoonoses and ethnographic investigations

Human nature is a puzzling matter that must be analysed through a holistic lens. In this commentary, I foray into anthropology's biosocial dimensions to underscore that human relations span from microorganisms to global commodities. I argue that the future of social-cultural anthropology depends on the integration of evolutionary theory for its advancement. Ultimately, since the likelihood of novel zoonoses' emergence, digital ethnography could offer remarkable opportunities for ethical and responsible inquiries

Modelo de fluctuación poblacional de moscas de la fruta Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann 1824) y Anastrepha spp (Díptera: Tephritidae) en dos rutas en el municipio de Caranavi, Bolivia

The institutions linked to plant health in Bolivia, propose a trapping methodology, to establish the populationfluctuation of fruit fly and execute control activities. PROMOSCA, as a national program, monitored during 3years, the population fluctuation of this plague, in two routes in Caranavi municipality, La Paz.Present investigation, used the data obtained in field, trapping methodology, environmental and biological cyclevariables, to determine the population fluctuation models of Ceratitis capitata and the Anastrepha spp complex,based on a statistical tool Linear Models Generalized Mixed (MLGM), which will serve PROMOSCA and SENASAG, in the control of the fruit fly in the Caranavi area.The minimum adequate model for C. capitata has values of AIC and BIC of 200.13 and 228.15 respectively. Its D2value is 21.53 for the Anastrepha spp. Complex, it has AIC and BIC values of 256.07 and 288.30 respectively. ItsD2 value is 43.91, both models in an acceptable range.There is a correlation between the climate, fruit trees and population fluctuation of the pest. C. capitata reaches itsmaximum population in August, during the dry season and the ripening of citrus, while Anastrepha spp., in December, coinciding with high temperatures and maturation of mangoes, mangos, avocados and oranges. Evapotranspiration is the main environmental variable for C. capitata, and precipitation, for the genus Anastrepha spp. No covariate related to biological cycle intervenes in the population fluctuation.Validating the two models, it was obtained that the projected data and those obtained in field are directly correlated.An increase of 0.5% in evapotranspiration and precipitation, for C. capitata and the Anastrepha spp. complex,respectively, causes an increase of up to 300% in the population of the pest.Las instituciones vinculadas a la sanidad vegetal en Bolivia, plantean una metodología de trampeo en campo, paraestablecer la fluctuación poblacional de la mosca de la fruta y ejecutar actividades de control. El PROMOSCA,dependiente del SENASAG, monitoreó durante 3 años, la fluctuación poblacional de esta plaga, en dos rutas en elmunicipio de Caranavi del departamento de La Paz.El presente trabajo de investigación, utilizó los datos obtenidos en campo, metodología de trampeo, variablesambientales y relacionadas al ciclo biológico, para determinar los modelos de fluctuación poblacional de Ceratitiscapitata y del complejo Anastrepha spp., con base en la herramienta estadística Modelos Lineales GeneralizadosMixtos (MLGM), que servirá al PROMOSCA y SENASAG, en el control de la Mosca de la fruta en la zona deCaranavi.El modelo adecuado mínimo para C. capitata, tiene valores de AIC y BIC de 200.13 y 228.15 respectivamente. Suvalor D2 es de 21.53. Así mismo, para el complejo Anastrepha spp., tiene valores de AIC y BIC de 256.07 y 288.30respectivamente. Su valor D2 es de 43.91, ambos modelos en un rango aceptable.Existe correlación entre el clima, los frutales hospederos y la fluctuación poblacional de la plaga. La C. capitatallega a su máximo de población en agosto, durante la época seca y de maduración de cítricos, en tanto que Anastrepha spp., en diciembre, coincidiendo con temperaturas altas y maduración de mangos, mangas, paltas y naranjas.La evapotranspiración es la principal variable ambiental para C. capitata, y la precipitación, para el género Anastrepha spp. Ninguna covariable relacionada al ciclo biológico interviene en la fluctuación poblacional.Validando los dos modelos, se obtuvo que los datos proyectados y los obtenidos en campo, están correlacionadosdirectamente. Un incremento de 0.5% en la evapotranspiración y precipitación, para C. capitata y el complejoAnastrepha spp., respectivamente, provoca un incremento de hasta 300% en la población de la plaga