The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature

The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature was agreed at an international symposium convened in Amsterdam on 19–20 April 2011 under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The purpose of the symposium was to address the issue of whether or how the current system of naming pleomorphic fungi should be maintained or changed now that molecular data are routinely available. The issue is urgent as mycologists currently follow different practices, and no consensus was achieved by a Special Committee appointed in 2005 by the International Botanical Congress to advise on the problem. The Declaration recognizes the need for an orderly transitition to a single-name nomenclatural system for all fungi, and to provide mechanisms to protect names that otherwise then become endangered. That is, meaning that priority should be given to the first described name, except where that is a younger name in general use when the first author to select a name of a pleomorphic monophyletic genus is to be followed, and suggests controversial cases are referred to a body, such as the ICTF, which will report to the Committee for Fungi. If appropriate, the ICTF could be mandated to promote the implementation of the Declaration. In addition, but not forming part of the Declaration, are reports of discussions held during the symposium on the governance of the nomenclature of fungi, and the naming of fungi known only from an environmental nucleic acid sequence in particular. Possible amendments to the Draft BioCode (2011) to allow for the needs of mycologists are suggested for further consideration, and a possible example of how a fungus only known from the environment might be described is presented

Ziraat, Orman ve Su Ürünleri Alanında Teori ve Araştırmalar

Tarım sektörünün sanayileşmesi nedeni ile uygulanan intansif tarım, çeşitli zararlılara karşı pestisitlerin kullanımı ve gübreleme işlemleri doğal ekosistemler üzerindeki kimyasal yükü artırmıştır. Sonuç olarak üründe kalıntı oluşması ve ürün kalitesinin bozulması gibi problemlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur (Nicolopoulou-Stamati ve ark., 2016). Organik üretim; üretimden tüketime kadar hiçbir kimyasal girdi kul- lanılmadan yapılmaktadır. Ülkemizde organik tarımın esasları “Organik Tarımın Esasları ve Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik” ile belirlenmiştir. Organik ürünlerin üretim sırasında herhangi bir kimyasal muameleye tabi kalmaması gerekliliğinden dolayı mikrofungusların gelişimi ve mikotok- sin üretimi için uygun ortam oluştururlar. Organik tarımın uygulandığı tar- lalarda mikrofungal yoğunluğun ve çeşitliliğin arttığı bilinmektedir (Kar- lsson ev ark., 2015; Leksono, 2017). Bu nedenle organik hayvan yemleri de dahil olmak üzere üretimde kaliteyi etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden birisini mikrofunguslar ve ürettikleri mikotoksinler oluşturmaktadır. (Sek- kin ve Kum, 2013; Çetinkaya, 2018). Mikrofungusların gelişimi ve mikotoksin oluşumunun özellikle tropik ve subtropik bölgelerde; bitki stresine, yemlerin hidrasyonuna, zayıf depo uygulamalarına, düşük yem kalitesine, hayvanlarda ve bu hayvanların ürünlerini tüketen insanlarda farklı tipte akut ve kronik mikotoksikozlara neden olduğu yapılan çalışmalar ile ortaya konmuştur (Çetinkaya, 2018). Organik hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde kaliteli, zengin içerikli, mikrofun- gus ve mikotoksin içermeyen, maliyeti düşük yem üretimi temin edilerek entegrasyonun sağlanması gerekmektedir. Çalışmamız UTAEM’ in (Ulus- lararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü) Menemen Ovasında yer alan Ortaköy deneme arazisinde organik kurallar çerçevesin- de optimum yem verimini sağlamak amacı ile yapılan büyük bir projenin 2012-2013 yıllarında yem bitkisi ekiminden önce alınan toprak örnekleri ile hasat sonrası hayvan yem hammadesi örneklerinden izole edilen potan- siyel mikotoksijenik mikrofungal türlerin belirlenmesi kısmını içeren bir çalışmadır

Graves' disease following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: case report and literature review

Background: Similar autoimmune processes (defective T-cell function) take place during the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA) and Graves' disease (GD). Antithyroid drugs used for the management of GD may induce AA and GD may occur following treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA)

Graves’ disease following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: case report and literature review

Background: Similar autoimmune processes (defective T-cell function) take place during the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA) and Graves' disease (GD). Antithyroid drugs used for the management of GD may induce AA and GD may occur following treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA)

Positive correlation of galanin with insulin resistance and triglyceride levels in obese children

Background/aim: Galanin is a neuropeptide that is shown to be involved in the regulation of food intake and glucose homeostasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of serum galanin levels with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese and healthy children

Serum nesfatin-1 and leptin levels in non-obese girls with premature thelarche.

Aim We aimed to investigate serum nesfatin-1 level in girls with premature thelarche (PT) and its relationship with anthropometric parameters and leptin, which are involved in the initiation of pubertal process

Significance of serum neurokinin B and kisspeptin levels in the differential diagnosis of premature thelarche and idiopathic central precocious puberty.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic role of serum neurokinin B level and its relationship with kisspeptin and leptin, which are known to be involved in the initiation of pubertal process. Girls who presented with breast development (1 and a peak luteinizing hormone response in gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation test >5 mIU/L were included in the central precocious puberty group, while patients who did not meet these criteria were included in the premature thelarche group. Patients with organic pathologies were excluded. Healthy prepubertal girls with similar age were included as the control group. Leptin, kisspeptin and neurokinin B levels were measured by ELISA method. The study included 20 girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty 22 girls with premature thelarche and 24 prepubertal controls. While serum kisspeptin, leptin and neurokinin B levels were significantly higher in central precocious puberty and premature thelarche groups compared to controls, no significant difference was found between central precocious puberty and premature thelarche groups. Increased serum levels of leptin, kisspeptin and neurokinin B in patients with premature thelarche and central precocious puberty suggest that they take part during the initiation of pubertal process, however, these markers are not able to differentiate patients with central precocious puberty from premature thelarche. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved