Las relaciones intergrupales de la comunidad hispanohablante en los Estados Unidos en una situación de contacto de lenguas y culturas

[Resumen] En este trabajo se destaca el papel de la lengua en la configuración de la identidad étnica y de las relaciones intergrupales considerando principalmente las relaciones del grupo etnolingüístico hispanohablante en una situación de lenguas en contacto en los Estados Unidos de América. Se presentan las teorías de la vitalidad etnolingüística y de la identidad social como teorías psicosociales explicativas y predictivas de la interacción actual y futura de ambos grupos etnolingüísticos[Abstract] In this paper we emphasize the role of the language in the configuration of ethnic identity and intergroup relationships taken into consideration mainly the hispanic ethnolinguistic group in a situation of language contact in the USA. We are introducing the theories of ethnolinguistic vitality and social identity as psychosocial theories that might explain and predict the present and future interaction of both ethnolinguistic groups: Spanish and Englis

Elaboración de un modelo para descripción sociolingüística del bilingüismo y su aplicación parcial en la comarca de San Sebastián

Tesis Univ. Complutense. Madrid.Depto. de Estudios Románicos, Franceses, Italianos y TraducciónFac. de FilologíaTRUEProQuestpu

Cooktop Sensing Based on a YOLO Object Detection Algorithm

Deep Learning (DL) has provided a significant breakthrough in many areas of research and industry. The development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has enabled the improvement of computer vision-based techniques, making the information gathered from cameras more useful. For this reason, recently, studies have been carried out on the use of image-based DL in some areas of people’s daily life. In this paper, an object detection-based algorithm is proposed to modify and improve the user experience in relation to the use of cooking appliances. The algorithm can sense common kitchen objects and identify interesting situations for users. Some of these situations are the detection of utensils on lit hobs, recognition of boiling, smoking and oil in kitchenware, and determination of good cookware size adjustment, among others. In addition, the authors have achieved sensor fusion by using a cooker hob with Bluetooth connectivity, so it is possible to automatically interact with it via an external device such as a computer or a mobile phone. Our main contribution focuses on supporting people when they are cooking, controlling heaters, or alerting them with different types of alarms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a YOLO algorithm has been used to control the cooktop by means of visual sensorization. Moreover, this research paper provides a comparison of the detection performance among different YOLO networks. Additionally, a dataset of more than 7500 images has been generated and multiple data augmentation techniques have been compared. The results show that YOLOv5s can successfully detect common kitchen objects with high accuracy and fast speed, and it can be employed for realistic cooking environment applications. Finally, multiple examples of the identification of interesting situations and how we act on the cooktop are presented.The current study has been sponsored by the Government of the Basque Country-ELKARTEK21/10 KK-2021/00014 (“Estudio de nuevas técnicas de inteligencia artificial basadas en Deep Learning dirigidas a la optimización de procesos industriales”) and ELKARTEK23-DEEPBASK (“Creación de nuevos algoritmos de aprendizaje profundo aplicado a la industria”) research programmes

The Val158Met Polymorphism in 8-Year-Old Boys and Girls Moderates the Influence of Parenting Styles on Proactive Aggression: Testing the Sensitivity to the Environment

The aim of the study was to explore the possible vulnerability (diathesis-stress), susceptibility (differential susceptibility), or vantage (vantage sensitivity) properties of COMT gen Val158Met polymorphism to adverse and favorable parenting styles from both parents in relation to children’s reactive and proactive aggressive behavior. Within 279 eight-year-old children (125 girls and 154 boys) from Spain, reactive and proactive aggressive behavior was measured through the “Reactive and Proactive Questionnaire” (RPQ). Saliva samples were collected to genotype for the COMT Val158Met polymorphism via real-time PCR. Finally, parenting styles were assessed using the “Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire” (PSDQ). The results revealed that for boys, the Met allele was a vulnerability factor for proactive aggression in response to low-authoritative parenting from the father. For girls, it was the Val allele, the vulnerability variable to the high authoritarian style of the father, and the susceptibility factor to the authoritative style of the mother over proactive aggression. The results are discussed, considering possible sex differences. Our results indicate that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism is a biological variable that confers greater sensitivity to the environment.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2016-75462-P), the UPV/EHU GIU18/103 Project Grants, and the Basque Country Government (grant number: PRE_2018_1_0111)

Daycare center attendance buffers the effects of maternal authoritarian parenting style on physical aggression in children

A maternal authoritarian style has been related to the development of physical aggression during childhood and later future social problems; however, not too many studies have detected other than individual or family factors that may buffer this maternal effect. This work examines whether daycare center attendance may moderate the relationships between a mother authoritarian style and physical aggression. The study sample was 72 (40 girls) kindergarten children from Spain. Parents were asked to complete two questionnaires focused on individual family characteristics and parenting styles. At age 5, children physical aggression was assessed by direct observation at playtime; aggression scores at 6 was obtained by a peer-rated questionnaire. A least squared multiple regression was performed after controlling for children’s level of physical aggression at 5, child sex and siblings. A positive contribution of maternal authoritarian style on physical aggression was detected. Daycare center attendance appears to attenuate the effect of the mother’s authoritarian style on physical aggression, only in boys.This study was funded by the Andalusian Regional Government’s Plan Andaluz de Investigación (PAI-2003/04, HUM-554) and by the Basque Country Government (GIC07/19-IT-238-07)

Differential susceptibility to parenting influences on reactive and proactive aggression: The role of testosterone and cortisol in children

This study explored whether cortisol and testosterone moderate the effect of parenting style on children's aggressive behavior, in accordance with the diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility theory; i.e., whether children are vulnerable to negative parenting styles (diathesis-stress) or, in addition to this vulnerability, also benefit more from positive parenting (differential susceptibility). The sample group comprised 279 eight-year-old children (154 boys and 125 girls) from Spain. Aggressive behavior was assessed using the “Reactive and Proactive Questionnaire” (RPQ) and parenting styles were measured using the “Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire” (PSDQ). Additionally, three saliva samples were collected to measure testosterone and cortisol levels, which were analyzed using ELISA. The results revealed that girls' high testosterone levels moderated the association between mothers’ authoritarian parenting style and reactive aggression. This result can be explained by the differential susceptibility model. None of the interactions were statistically significant in boys’ proactive aggression. The study emphasizes the importance of investigating biological and social factors that may influence aggressive behavior

The Moderating Role of Surgency, Behavioral Inhibition, Negative Emotionality and Effortful Control in the Relationship between Parenting Style and Children’s Reactive and Proactive Aggression

The principal aim of this study is to explore the moderating role of temperament in the relationship between parenting style and the reactive and proactive aggressive behavior of 8-year-old children. The participants are 279 children (154 boys and 125 girls). To measure reactive and proactive aggression, children completed the reactive and proactive questionnaire (RPQ). Child temperament and parenting styles were evaluated by both parents using the temperament in middle childhood questionnaire (TMCQ) and the parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ). The results revealed that boys with high surgency levels and authoritarian fathers displayed more reactive aggression, whereas behaviorally inhibited boys with mothers who scored low for authoritarian parenting displayed less reactive aggression. Finally, girls with high levels of effortful control and mothers who scored low for authoritative parenting displayed more proactive aggression. The results highlight the value of studying the moderating role of temperament in the relationship between children’s aggressive behavior and both mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles, and underscores the importance of doing so separately for boys and girls.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PSI2016-75462-P], the UPV/EHU GIU18/103 Project Grants and the Basque Country Government, grant number [PRE_2018_1_0111]

Fathering and children's relational aggression: Moderating effects of children's temperament and gender

In this exploratory study, we analyzed the contribution of fathering to relational aggression (RA) in middle childhood and the moderating role of children's temperament and gender. Participants (N = 234; 46% girls) were attending public elementary school (mean age = 8.15; SD = 1.23) in middle-class neighborhoods in two Spanish cities. Fathers provided information about their parenting practices using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, parents gave data on their child's temperament using the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire and children provided information about their peers’ aggressive behavior using the Mini Direct Indirect Aggression Inventory. Fathering dimensions considered were Authoritative Cold, Authoritative Warm, Physical Punishment, and Insecurity; temperament dimensions considered were negative affect (NA), effortful control (EC), activity (AC), and shyness (SH). Gender, fathering, and temperament dimensions additively accounted for a significant proportion of the variance observed in RA. Several significant interactions suggested that the effect of fathering on RA was moderated by temperament and, in some cases, by children's gender. NA increased the potential risk of Authoritative Cold fathering (CF) and, in boys only, of Insecure fathering, while EC potentiated the protective effect of Authoritative-Warm fathering and, in boys only, buffered the risk effect of CF. SH buffered the risk effect of CF and decreased the protective effect of Authoritative Warm fathering on RA. Lastly, AC also buffered the risk effect of CF on RA. Results are discussed in light of the protective or the vulnerability role of temperament and in relation to models that explain sensitivity differences to environmental contexts

Kulturarteko harremanak Bigarren Hezkuntzan: ikasle etorkin eta bertakoen akulturazio-orientazioak

Cette étude analyse les orientations d'acculturation des étudiants Basques dans l'Enseignement Secondaire,en comparant les orientations des élèves selon leur origine et leur identité ethnolinguistique. Les résultats ont montré que les orientations d'acculturation plus acceptées sont l'individualisme, la ségrégation-séparation et l'intégration. Les orientations des deux groupes, étudiants autochtones et immigrants, coïncident. Les relations intergroupes résultantes de l'interaction de ces deux groupes seraient assez positives, sauf dans les cas de ségrégation-séparation, qui pourraient etre conflictuelles.Les étudiants autochtones ont été classés en trois groupes, selon leur identité ethnolinguistique: identité duale, identité polarisée basque, et identité polarisée espagnole. Les étudiants immigrants ont été classés en deux groupes: identité avec le pays d'origine et identité duale. Les résultats ne confirment pas l' hypothese selon laque lle les sujets avec identité duale présenteraient des orientations d'acculturation plus positives que les sujets d'identité polarisée.; Este estudio analiza las orientaciones de aculturación de escolares vascos de Educación Secundaria, comparando las orientaciones de los alumnos según su origen y su identidad etnolingüística. Los resultados mostraron que las orientaciones de aculturación mas aceptadas fueron el individualismo, la segregación-separación y la integración. Las orientaciones de ambos grupos, alumnos autóctonos e inmigrantes son coincidentes. Las relaciones inter grupo resultantes de las interacciones de las aculturaciones de ambos grupos serían bastante positivas salvo en los casos de segregación-separación que podrían resultar conflictivas. Los alumnos autóctonos fueron clasificados en tres grupos según su identidad etnolingüística: identidad dual, polarizada española y polarizada vasca. A su vez, los escolares inmigrantes se clasificaron en dos grupos: identidad con el país de origen e identidad dual. Los resultados no confirman la hipótesis de que los sujetos con identidad dual muestran orientaciones de aculturación más positivas que los sujetos con identidad polarizada.; This study analyzes the acculturation orientations of Basque students of secondary, and it compares the orientations by origin and ethno-linguistic identity. The results showed that the orientations of acculturation more accepted were individualism, separation segregation and integration. The orientations of both groups, native and immigrant students are coincident. Intergroup relations resulting from interactions of the acculturation of both groups would be quite positive except in cases of segregation-separation could be conflicting.Native students were classified into three groups according to their ethno-linguistic identity, dual identity, Basque 1dent1ty polanzed,and Spanish polarized identity. In turn, the immigrant students were classified into two groups: identity with the country of origin and dual identity. The results do not support the hypothesis that subjects with dual identity were more positive than subjects with polarized identity acculturation