TIP ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ALGISI: KLİNİK ÖNCESİ VE KLİNİK DÖNEMİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

ÖZ: Toplumsal cinsiyet algısı (TCA), insanların cinsiyetlerine göre neleri yapıp neleri yapamayacağına dair öngörülerde bulunmalarını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tıp fakültesi birinci (klinik öncesi) ve son sınıf (klinik) öğrencilerinin TCA’larını, TCA ölçeği aracılığıyla belirlemek ve bu iki grubu karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmaya 2021-22 eğitim yılında Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'ndeki toplam 435 birinci ve altıncı sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır (ulaşma oranı %60.6). Araştırmada tüm öğrencilerin yüksek TCA puan ortalamalarının 107.31±14.11 (min. 28-max. 125) olduğu görülmüştür. Birinci ve altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinin TCA puanları benzer olup istatistiksel olarak fark bulunmamıştır. Öğrencilerin sınıflarına göre TCA’ları açısından anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Cinsiyet açısından TCA arasında fark olduğu ve bu farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Kız öğrencilerin daha pozitif TCA’na sahip oldukları sonucu literatürle uyumlu bulunmuştur. Üniversite öğrencileri ile yapılan benzer araştırmalarda öğrencilerin genel olarak eşitlikçi bir yaklaşıma sahip oldukları görülmüştür. ABSTRACT: Perception of gender provides predictions about what people can and cannot do based on their gender. The study is aimed to determine the perceptions of the first (pre-clinical) and final-year (clinical) students at medical school through the Turkish version of the Perception of Gender Scale and to compare the PG between these two groups. A total of 435 students participated in the study at Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine in the 2021-22 academic year (response rate 60.6%). In the study, it was determined that the high mean PG scores of all students are 107.31±14.11 (min. 28-max. 125). PG scores of the first and sixth-grade students are similar, and no statistical difference is found. The difference between gender and PG is statistically significant for women.The fact that female students have more positive PG is in line with the literature. In similar studies conducted with university students, it is seen that students generally have an egalitarian approach

Determination of Serum Adenosine Deaminase and Xanthine Oxidase Levels in Patients with Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

OBJECTIVE: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate. Despite increasing knowledge about hemorrhagic fever viruses, little is known about the pathogenesis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. In this study, we measured serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase levels in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients. METHODS: Serum adenosine deaminase levels were measured with a sensitive colorimetric method described by Giusti and xanthine oxidase levels by the method of Worthington in 30 consecutive hospitalized patients (mean age 42.6 ± 21.0). Laboratory tests confirmed their diagnoses of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Thirty-five subjects (mean age 42.9 ± 19.1) served as the control group. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase levels between cases and controls (p<0.05). However, neither adenosine deaminase nor xanthine oxidase levels varied with the severity of disease in the cases assessed (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase levels were increased in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Elevated serum xanthine oxidase activity in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever may be associated with reactive oxygen species generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system during inflammatory responses. In addition, elevated lipid peroxidation may contribute to cell damage and hemorrhage. The association of cell damage and hemorrhage with xanthine oxidase activity should be further investigated in large-scale studies

Effects of sinapic acid on oxidative DNA damage in V79 cell line

Phenolic compounds, due to their antioxidant properties, play an important role in the prevention of various degenerative disorders or diseases related to oxidative damage. Sinapic acid (SA), a phenolic compound, is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and commonly consumed in human diets. SA has been described as a chain-breaking antioxidant that probably acts as a radical scavenger. SA was reported to exhibit a protection against H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. SA is believed to be therapeutically beneficial and non-toxic. However the data about the genotoxicity of SA are limited. In this study, the genotoxic/antigenotoxic activities of SA were evaluated in V79 cells by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis. No significant increase in DNA strand breakage expressed as DNA tail intensity was observed below 1000 µM; however, at the concentrations of 1000-5000 µM SA alone caused an increase in DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. At the concentrations of 50-2000 µM, SA seemed to significantly decrease H2O2-induced DNA damage. However, at the highest concentration of 5000 µM, SA did not decrease H2O2-induced DNA damage in V79 cells. In conclusion, at low concentrations SA might protect against various oxidative stress related-diseases by reducing oxidative DNA damage

Genotoxicity of meso-2,3-dimercapto succinic acid-coated silver sulfide quantum dot

Nanotecnology products have been used in wide applications in chemistry, electronics, energy generation, and medicine. Despite significant interest in developing quantum dots (QDs) for biomedical applications, many researchers are convinced that QDs will never be used for the treatment of patients because of their potential toxicity. In various in vitro cell culture studies, the cytotoxic properties of some QD have been demonstrated and they have been suggested to be toxic in humans. In this study, the cytotoxic properties of Ag2S-(Meso-2,3-Dimercapto Succinic acid) nanomaterials in V79 cells (Chinese lung fibroblast cell line) were determined by MTT assay. The genotoxic effects of Ag2S-(Meso-2,3-Dimercapto Succinic acid) were evaluated by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis. The cells were treated with Ag2S-(Meso-2,3-Dimercapto Succinic acid) at the concentrations of 5- 2000 µg/ml. No cytotoxic effect of Ag2S-(Meso-2,3-Dimercapto Succinic acid) at all concentrations studied was observed. No significant increases in DNA damage were found at the studied concentrations when compared to negative control in V79 cells. In conclusion, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to determine the safety doses of Ag2S-(Meso-2,3-Dimercapto Succinic acid)

Resveratrol Protects Sepsis-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Liver and Kidney of Rats

Background: The increases of free radicals have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which leads to multiple-organ dysfunction syndromes. The uses of antioxidants as a complementary tool in the medical care of oxidative stress-related diseases have attracted attention of researchers. Resveratrol (RV) has suggested being antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects in various experimental models and clinical settings. Aims: This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of RV on oxidative DNA damage induced by sepsis in the liver and kidney tissues of Wistar albino rats. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Four experimental groups consisting of eight animals for each was created using a total of thirty-two male Wistar albino rats. Sham group was given 0.5 mL of saline intra-peritoneal (ip) only following laparatomy. Sepsis group was given 0.5 mL saline ip only following the induction of sepsis. RV-treated group was given a dose of 100 mg/kg ip RV in 0.5 mL saline following laparatomy. RV-treated sepsis group was given 100 mg/kg ip RV in 0.5 mL saline following the induction of sepsis. A model of sepsis was created by cecal ligation and puncture technique. In the liver and kidney tissues, oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX)) and a proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)), were evaluated spectrophotometrically and DNA damage was determined by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) technique using formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase protein. Results: In the RV-treated sepsis group, the levels of MDA and TNF-alpha were lower and GSH levels, SOD and GPX activities were higher than in the septic rats (p<0.05). RV treatment significantly reduced the sepsis-induced oxidative DNA damage in the liver and kidney cells (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested that RV treatment might reduce the sepsis-induced oxidative DNA damages in sepsis-related diseases; however, there is a need for more studies to clear up the protective mechanisms of RV against sepsis

Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin in Various Types of Commonly Consumed Retail Ground Samples in Ankara, Turkey

To detect aflatoxin (AF) or ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination, 25 retail ground samples of 12 different types of seed-, pulses-. and cereal-flours and starches were randomly collected from markets and traditional bazaars in Ankara, Turkey. The levels of AF in the retail ground samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ranged from 0.03-3.16 ppb. The percentage of contaminated samples for aflatoxin B-1, B-2, G(1), and G(2) were 64, 60, 72, and 76%, respectively. The determination of OTA level was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and they were ranged between 0.27-4.07 ppb (n=24). However, the screened mycotoxin levels in the samples were under the permission limits of Turkey, the daily intake of these products corresponds to at least 50 % of daily diet in our country. Routine measurements of the toxin levels in foods and feeds should be carried out to prevent their harmful effects on health.Wo

Serum Aflatoxin Levels Of The Healthy Adult Population Living In The North And South Regions Of Turkey

Objective: To determine the serum concentrations of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)), aflatoxin B-2 (AFB(2)), aflatoxin G(1) (AFG(1)) and aflatoxin G(2) (AFG(2)) in the healthy adult population living in both the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions of Turkey and to investigate the regional, seasonal and gender variability in aflatoxins (AF) exposure in these regions. Design: Serum AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1) and AFG(2) concentrations were analysed by HPLC. Settings: In total, four hundred and eighty-four serum samples were analysed. Subjects: Four hundred and eighty-four healthy adult volunteers living in rural areas of the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions of Turkey were studied. Results: The mean serum concentration of total AF in the Black Sea region was 1.33 ppb (min-max 0.15-3.38 ppb) and 0.90 ppb (min-max 0.18-2.48 ppb) for summer and winter, respectively. In the Mediterranean region, the mean serum concentration of total AF was determined as 0.55 ppb (range 0.04-1.72 ppb) for summer and 0? 45 ppb (range 0.12-1.43 ppb) for winter. The total AF concentrations in serum samples were statistically higher in summer compared with winter for the two regions. The differences between the regions were statistically significant concerning all samples, with higher total AF concentrations in the Black Sea region. Conclusions: The overall results suggest that the Turkish population living in these two regions is continuously exposed to AF, particularly in the summer, and that mycotoxin contamination in food should be monitored routinely for food safety and human health

An In Vitro Study On The Cytotoxicity And Genotoxicity Of Silver Sulfide Quantum Dots Coated With Meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid

Objectives: Silver sulfide (Ag2S) quantum dots (QDs) are highly promising nanomaterials in bioimaging systems due to their high activities for both imaging and drug/gene delivery. There is insufficient research on the toxicity of Ag2S QDs coated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). In this study, we aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of Ag2S QDs coated with DMSA in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells over a wide range of concentrations (5-2000 mu g/mL). Materials and Methods: Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. The genotoxic and apoptotic effects of DMSA/Ag2S QDs were also assessed by comet assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction technique, respectively. Results: Cell viability was 54.0 +/- 4.8% and 65.7 +/- 4.1% at the highest dose (2000 mu g/mL) of Ag2S QDs using the MTT and NRU assays, respectively. Although cell viability decreased above 400 mu g/mL (MTT assay) and 800 mu g/mL (NRU assay), DNA damage was not induced by DMSA/Ag2S QDs at the studied concentrations. The mRNA expression levels of p53, caspase-3, cospose-9, Box, Bcl-2, and survivin genes were altered in the cells exposed to 500 and 1000 mu g/mL DMSA/Ag2S QDs. Conclusion: The cytotoxic effects of DMSA/Ag2S QDs may occur at high doses through the apoptotic pathways. However, DMSA/Ag2S QDs appear to be biocompatible at low doses, making them well suited for cell labeling applications.WoSScopu