The Role of Three-dimensional Printer Modeling in Preoperative Planning of Brain Tumor and Aneurysm Surgery

Introduction:The three-dimensional (3D) modeling technique, which is one of the latest technologies, has been applied in neurosurgical practice. The surgeon’s knowledge and experience are crucial for the success of the surgical treatment of brain tumors and brain aneurysms. This study emphasizes that the contribution to successful surgery is by ensuring that the surgeon is fully oriented before and during the operation.Methods:The study included five patients with brain tumors and five patients with hemorrhagic aneurysm, which were diagnosed between May 2021 and November 2022. Both patient groups were evaluated retrospectively, and all operations were performed by the same experienced surgeon. 3D models of the patients were prepared using a computer program. These models were examined by the operating surgeon during the preoperative period and were sterilized and used as a guide during the operation.Results:The patients were divided into two groups, one composed of five patients undergoing surgery with the diagnosis of a tumor and the other composed of five patients undergoing surgery due to a ruptured aneurysm. All operations were performed by the same experienced surgeon. Successful clipping was performed in all patients with ruptured aneurysms.Conclusion:Surgeons have been analyzing complex neuroanatomy data using the 3D modeling technique before surgery. The preoperative simulation improved the surgeon’s command of the field and orientation to the surgery. These findings suggest that 3D modeling will positively affect a successful surgical operation and the management of complications that may occur. More prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings

Skrotal mezenterik kist olgusu

Mesenteric cysts are rarely seen intraabdominal mass lesions which can manifest themselves with different clinical signs, and symptoms. They can locate in the mesenterium from duodenum down to rectum, and also in the retroperitoneal space. Herein we present a very rare case of a scrotal mesenteric cyst which resembled an epididymal cyst in a 6-year-old boy. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a multiloculated cyst completely filling the scrotal sac, and the cyst was excised surgically. Histopathological examination described the surgical specimen as chylolymphatic mesenteric cyst, and during one year follow-up any recurrence was not observed

Our experiences on retrograde intrarenal surgery

Objective: To evaluate outcomes of the cases who had undergone retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in our clinics. Methods: Outcomes of 100 cases who had undergone RIRS because of renal stones between February 2012, and May 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Study population consisted of 35 female and 65 male patients with a mean age of 36.81(1-76) years. RIRS was performed with the indication of rest double J (D-J) stent (n=1), and renal stone (n=99). Mean stone size was 15.26 (5-27) mm. Preoperatively, 61 cases (61%) had preexisting D-J stents, while 39 (39%) cases were stentless. Access sheaths were used in 86 (86%) cases, while in 14 (14%) cases the procedure was applied without using an access sheath. Mean operative, and fluoroscopy times were 52.72 (10-120) minus, and 57.32 (10-180) seconds, respectively. Postoperatively D-J stents were implanted in 88 (88%) cases, and 12 (12%) cases were stent-free. Mean hospital time was 1.3 (1-7) days. After one month postoperatively, stone-free rate was achieved in 87 (87%) patients. Clinically insignificant residual stone fragments (CIRF) 6 (6%), and residual stones 7 (7%) were also detected. The latter group consisted of cases with horseshoe kidney (n=1), pelvic kidney (n=1), and kyphoscoliosis (n=1). Also in two case procedure was terminated prematurely, because of blurring of the vision secondary to bleeding. Apart from these patients, any preoperative complication did not develop. During follow-up period, urinary tract infection developed in 3 patients with resultant renal parenchymal damage in one patient. In one patient, D-J stent migrated into ureter. Conclusion: Retrograde intrarenal surgery is an effective and safe technique in the management of renal stones

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: Our clinical experiences with the first 10 patients

Objectives: The aim of this study is to present the resultsof our first ten laparoscopic adrenalectomy cases whichwere performed in our clinic.Materials and methods: Between December 2010 andSeptember 2012 the standard transperitoneal laparoscopicadrenalectomy was performed on 10 patients.Data of patients such as age, weight, height, operationtime, hospitalization time, complications, size of adrenalmass and pathological diagnosis were retrospectively reviewedand recorded from the hospital records.Results: Three of ten patients were male and seven ofthem were female. The mean age of the patients was42.12±11.4 (21-55) years. Mean operation time was recordedas 136±23.6 (100-190) min. Mean tumor size was7.1±2.7 (5-12) cm. None of the patients required bloodtransfusion. Mean hospital stay was 2.3±1.2 (2-6) days.Pathological diagnoses of masses were pheocromacytomain two patients, adrenal adenoma in six, myelolipomain one and pseudocist in one.Conclusions: According to our experience with the limitednumber of the first ten cases, transperitoneal laparoscopicadrenalectomy is a safe and effective treatmentmodality, associated with minimal morbidity. To obtainmore reliable information larger series with long-term resultsof laparoscopic adrenalectomy is needed.Key words: Laparoscopy, adrenalectomy, experience,transperitonea

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Abdullah Kadiriy'in Ötken Künler Romanı Örneğinde Özbek Türkçesinde Yapıları Bakımından Zarf-Fiiller

Æağatay Türkçesinin devamı olarak kabul edilen ve Türkiye Türkçesinden sonra en fazla konuşuru olan Özbek Türkçesi hakkında Türkiye'de yapılan çalışmalar oldukça yetersizdir. Özbek Türkçesinde Yapıları Bakımından Zarf-Fiiller başlıklı çalışmamız, Giriş, inceleme ve Sonuç bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde, zarf-fiiller, yapıları bakımından 1. Basit Zarf-Fiiller, 2. Birleşik Zarf-Fiiller, 3. Geçici Birle?ik Zarf-Fiiller başlıkları altında inceleme yoluna gidildi. Bu bölümde, hem Türkiye Türkçesi, hem de Özbek Türkçesindeki gramer kitaplarında yapıları bakımından zarf-fiiller araştırıldı. Zarf-fiillerin yapı bakımından sınıflandırılması ve adlandırılmasında bilim adamları arasında görüş ayrılığı tespit edildi. Yapıları bakımından zarf-fiilleri, sınıflandırma ve adlandırma konusunda Özbek Türkçesindeki bazı dilbilgisi kitapları ile Türkiye Türkçesindeki bazı dil bilgisi kitaplarının farklı olduğu tespit edildi. Farklılıklar ve sahipleri belirtildi. Farklılıkların neden kaynaklandığı ve dil bilimcilerinin bu farklar konusundaki görüşleri belirtildi. inceleme bölümünde çalışmamıza esas olan eserden fişlediğimiz zarf-fiillere, transkribe edilmiş örnekler vererek Türkiye Türkçesindeki karşılıkları verildi. Zarf-fiillerin tarihi gelişimi dönemler halinde verildi. Sonuç bölümünde araştırma sonucu ortaya çıkan bilgiler karşılaştırıldı. Yapılan çalışmalarda olmayan yirmi üç tane geçici birleşik zarf-fiil tespit edildi. Bu bölümde çalışmamız ana başlıklar altında örneklerle tasnif edildiThe studies previously carried out on Uzbek Turkish, which is seen as continuation of Chagatay Turkish and comes second after Turkey Turkish in terms of speaker number are fairly inadaquate. This study called Verbal Adverbs in Uzbek Turkish in Terms of Structure consists of introduction, research and result chapters. In the introduction, verbal adverbs were studied under the titles, namely, basic, compound and temporary compound verbal adverbs. In this chapter, verbal adverbs in Turkish and Uzbek Turkish grammar books were examined in terms of their structures. Disagreement over the classification and naming of verbal adverbs for their structures among academicians has been detected. Verbal adverbs in terms of their structure have been found different in some Turkish and Uzbek grammar books when studied for their classification and naming. The distinctions and their owners have been identified. The views of linguists on those differences and their reasons have been mentioned. The equals of the verbal adverbs which have been picked up from the determined works were given in Turkey Turkish by giving transcribed examples. Chrononological development of verbal adverbs was given in periods. The findings of the study was compared with the data obtained in the result chapter. 23 temporary compound verbal adverbs which are not in previous studies were detected. In this chapter, the study was classified under main titles by giving examples

FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF TURBO DECODERS USING BCJR ALGORITHM

The most difficult design issue for turbo codes, which is the most recent and successful channel coding method to approach the channel capacity limit, is the design of the iterative decoders which perform calculations for all possible states of the encoders. BCJR (MAP) algorithm, which is used for turbo decoders, embodies complex mathematical operations such as division, exponential and logarithm calculations. Therefore, BCJR algorithm was avoided and the sub-optimal derivatives of this algorithm such as Log-MAP and Max-Log-MAP were preferred for turbo decoder implementations. BCJR algorithm was reformulated and wrapped into a suitable structure for FPGA implementations at previous works [1]. Reformulated BCJR algorithm is implemented in this work. Complex mathematical operations which run slowly on hardware (division, exponential and logarithm calculations) are read from look-up-tables and high performance calculation structures are established. Implemented system is verified through simulations. It is observed that the BER performance obtained is better than the Log-MAP algorithm as expected

Early Experience with Salvage Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in Proton Beam Radiotherapy Failures

Aims: To assess the perioperative and short-term functional and oncologic outcomes of the salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP), after recurrence following primary proton beam therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer