Diffusion des savoirs sur Internet et interactions citoyennes : De la « connaissance-produit » à la « connaissance-processus »

Une des formes d’intervention du milieu associatif environnemental dans les années 1980 en France, s’est constituée sur sa capacité à proposer des contre-projets, en particulier dans le domaine de l’aménagement. Mais ceux-ci manquaient souvent de légitimation scientifique, ce qui nuisait à leur aboutissement. L’accès à l’information directe que présente Internet et les liens nouveaux qu’il suscite, transforment les moyens d’action contestataires. Se dégage ainsi progressivement une « connaissance-processus » face à une « connaissance-produit », qui oblige à la fois les organismes d’Etat à composer avec les organisations associatives, mais aussi les scientifiques à repenser leur rapport avec l’ensemble de la société.In the 1980’s, the french environmental movement was established on its capacity to offer “counter-proposals”, especially in the field of development. But these often missed scientific legitimization, what damaged their outcome. The contemporary access to direct information which presents Internet and the new scientific links which it occurs, transform the anti-authority means of action. So progressivel,y the knowledge as a scientific product is making place for a “ processing knowledge” which obliges at the same time the state organisms to compose with the associative organizations and the scientists to rethink their relationship with the whole societ

El concepto de héroe trágico en la Poética de Aristóteles

El artículo se pregunta por la importancia del concepto de héroe trágico en La Poética de Aristóteles desarrollando su investigación a través del dilema: ¿es el héroe trágico en La Poética un recurso para manifestar la acción única y entera de la trama o argumento, o, tiene un papel relevante dado que el ethos forma una de las partes esenciales de la tragedia? La autora analiza estas aporías a partir de los textos de La Poética probando la prioridad del mito como acción o drama única y entera en Aristóteles sin comprometer por ello la importancia decisiva del héroe trágico para que esto se logre.This article questions de importance on the concept of tragic hero on Aristotle’s Poetics. It aims to prove that for Aristotle the whole action and its unity is the end of tragedy: at the same time the article sustains that this statement doesn’t compromise the role of the tragic hero because it is precisely his intervention that allows that the unity of action emerges. The author proves this with a careful analysis of the definitions on the Poetics.Fil: Aspe Armella, Virginia. Universidad Panamericana (México

L'irrigation en Espagne et son avenir. Retour sur 12 ans de débats (1998-2010)

Cette étude présente des discussions sur la reagadío qui ont eu lieu ces dernières années. Parmi les questions qui ont été abordé dans ce débat, on note les sujets suivants : les cadres institutionnels de la politique agraire à diverses échelles, l’analyse du fonctionnement économique de l’irrigation et de sa capacité à aborder les nouvelles problématiques de recouvrement des coûts de l’eau, les processus d’innovation et de développement technologique, les relations entre les terres irriguées et les paysages de l’eau, et enfin les implications de ces relations dans la définition des objectifs environnementaux des nouveaux plans de gestion des bassins hydrographiques. Tous ces thèmes traversent les débats des huit congrès ibériques sur la planification et la gestion de l'eau entre 1998 et 2010, dont ce texte constitue la synthèse

La influencia de Aristóteles en la filosofía novohispana

This text wants to emphasize the aristotelian influence on novohispanic thinkers. Influence that is added to the one of Escoto, Aquino and Suárez and from which wants to understand the relation between the aristotelian and the novohispanic philosophy. That means, from certain line, to study the limit and reach of aristotelian principles in Tomás de Aquino’s philosophy and seeing Aristotle like factor of understanding of the novohispanic thought.Este texto busca poner de relieve la influencia que tuvo Aristóteles sobre pensadores del XVI novohispano. Influencia que se suma a la de Escoto, Aquino y Suárez y a partir de la cual se busca comprender la relación entre la filosofía aristotélica y el tomismo novohispano. Es decir, a partir de cierto horizonte de comprensión, estudiar el límite y alcance de principios aristotélicos en la filosofía tomista y a Aristóteles mismo como factor de comprensión del pensamiento novohispano

Is exogenous administration of IL-1ra (anakinra) likely to induce severe depression?

International audienc

Exosomal Survivin-T34A: A Novel, Potential Cancer Therapeutic

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer fatality in American men and women with a less than 5% survival rate. Currently, if diagnosed early, surgical resection remains the only viable cure. However, only 20% of pancreatic cancer patients meet these criteria. It is therefore necessary to discover new therapies or therapeutic combinations in order to impact significantly this deadly disease. The anti-metabolite agent Gemcitabine is currently being employed to treat pancreatic cancer. While Gem-citabine has shown significant benefit in clinical applications, its ability to more than modestly impact pancreatic cancer is limited. It has been speculated that combinatory treatments using Gemcitabine could improve survival rates. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is expressed in virtually all cancer cells, but not detectable in most normal cells outside of development. Mutation of Survivin’s Thre-onine 34 to Alanine (Survivin-T34A) abolishes a phosphorylation site for p34cdc2-cyclin B1 resulting in the initiation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cancer cells with little to no direct effects on normal cells. The possibility that targeting Survivin in this manner may provide a novel approach for selective cancer gene therapy has yet to be ful-ly evaluated. We have recently described that cells generated to express a stable form of the mutant protein, released this Survivin-T34A to the conditioned medium. When this conditioned medium was collected and deposited on naive tumor cells, conditioned me-dium containing Survivin-T34A was as effective as chemotherapy in induction of tumor cell apoptosis. When combined with other forms of genotoxic stress, Survivin-T34A po-tentiated their killing effects. We further determined that Survivin-T34A is trafficked by microvesicles called exosomes, which are released into the conditioned media. We showed strong evidence that exosomes containing Survivin-T34A elicited cellular death and synergistically enhanced cellular death during combination with low doses of Gem-citabine and we propose that these findings may lead to novel modalities for cancer therapies. This dissertation provides the rational for Survivin-T34A’s potential as a thera-peutic. Next, we provide evidence that extracellular Survivin-T34A can elicit its anti-tumor effects on treated cells. Finally, I show that extracellular Survivin-T34A is found in exosomes

1. The Renegotiation of Mexico's External Debt

SUMMARY Pedro Aspe's article examines in detail the recent Mexican deal under Brady. It stresses the net savings in interest payments achieved as well as the reduction of the total debt. The article also examines projected indirect benefits of the Brady agreement, in forms of renewed confidence in the Mexican economy. The paper includes official Mexican government figures and projections on the impact of the Brady agreement. RESUME Trois descriptions de transactions de forme Brady L'article de Pedro Aspe étudie en détail les récentes transactions mexicaines sous le Plan Brady. Il souligne les économies nettes obtenues dans les payments à intérêts, ainsi que la réduction du déficit total. L'article étudie aussi les bénéfices indirects de l'accord Brady, sous forme de confiance renouvelée dans l'économie mexicaine. L'article inclue les chiffres officiels du gouvernement mexicain et les prédictions sur les conséquences de l'accord Brady. RESUMEN Descripción de tres experiencias bajo el Plan Brady El artículo de Pedro Aspe examina en detalle la situación reciente de México bajo el Plan Brady. Destaca los ahorros netos alcanzados en el pago de intereses, así como también en la reducción de la deuda total. También examina los beneficios indirectos proyectados del acuerdo Brady en la forma de renovada confianza en la economía mexicana. Incluye cifras oficiales del gobierno mexicano y proyecciones sobre el impacto del acuerdo Brady

Dialektika brezna

This paper suggests a Lacanian reading of Melville’s novel Pierre; or The Ambiguities. It focuses on the question of will; on the one hand the excessive will confronted with the incomprehensibility of the Other and its incarnation in the real other, and on the other with its reverse side, i.e., “the will that wants nothing.” The author links these problems with Rancière’s “aesthetic regime of art” and the possibility of the political or the revolutionary will.Članek podaja lacanovsko analizo Melvillovega romana Pierre ali dvoumnosti. Osredotoča se na vprašanje volje; po eni strani nezmerne volje, soočene z nerazvozljivostjo Drugega in njegovim utelešenjem v realnem drugem, po drugi pa njene hrbtne strani, »volje, ki noče ničesar«. Avtor to problematiko poveže z Rancièrovim »estetskim režimom umetnosti« in z možnostjo politične oziroma revolucionarne volje

Revolução sensível

A revolução no fim do século XVIII é ao mesmo tempo uma revolução política e Não se pode separar política, como redefinido pela revolução francesa, e, mais ou menos mesmo momento, o aparecimento da "arte" - no singular. Ao mesmo tempo, "arte"é o nome uma forma específica da experiência. A ainda, esta forma específica não tem um específico: cada objeto, cada percepção ou afeto, cada evento pode agora ser um material componente para a obra de arte. No coração do é chamado "arte", há a não-arte. Mas no sentido, no coração da política, há algo além da política - algo que é precisamente indicado arte: uma promessa de felicidade que repousa na inatividade, na alegria de compartilhar experiência do sensível sem uma intenção, sem objetivo. Política e estética estão ligadas desta forma.Revolution at the end of the eighteenth century is at the same time a political and aesthetical revolution. One can not separate politics, as redefined by the French Revolution, at more or less the same moment, the appearance of « art » - in the singular. At that time, « art » the name of a specific form of experience. And yet, these specific form has no specific each object, each perception or affect, each event can now be a material or a component for work of art. At the heart of what is called « art », there is non-art. But in the same way, at the of politics, there is something else than politics -- something which is precisely indicated by art : promise of happiness that lay on inactivity, on the joy of sharing an experience of the sensible no intention, no aim. Politics and aesthetics are tied together in that way