Utilización de los polifenoles de la uva en la alimentación de las aves

In the last few years there is a growing interest in the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of several polyphenols, especially flavonoids, which are present in several plants. Wine industry by- products (grape pomace, skin and seeds) and wine polyphenols extracts contain a wide range of these phenolic compounds. The functional properties of these polyphenols could be useful and applicable in animal nutrition. These effects have not been studied in chickens. Recent studies have shown that dietary inclusion of these grape by-products in broilers increased the oxidative stability of chicken meat in similar way that those obtained with the addition of Vitamin E. By the other hand, the use of these by-products has also been associated with a favourable modification of the intestinal microbiota by reducing the presence of several harmful bacteria and favouring other beneficial bacteEn los últimos años ha cobrado especial interés la capacidad antioxidante y antimicrobiana que poseen determinados polifenoles, especialmente flavonoides, presentes en diferentes vegetales. Los subproductos de la industria del vino (orujo, hollejo y granilla) y los extractos de polifenoles de uva poseen una amplia variedad de estos compuestos polifenólicos. Las propiedades funcionales de estos compuestos podrían ser de gran utilidad y aplicación en alimentación animal. Estos efectos han sido muy poco estudiados en aves. Estudios recientemente publicados con la incorporación de los subproductos de la uva en las raciones de las aves demuestran una mejora en la estabilidad oxidativa de los productos cárnicos del pollo similares a los obtenidos con la adición de la vitamina E. Por otro lado, su incorporación también se ha asociado con una modificación favorable de la microbiota intestinal reduciendo la presencia de determinadas bacterias perjudiciales y favoreciendo algunas bacterias beneficiosas

Feeding broiler chickens with grape seed and skin meals to enhance α-and γ-tocopherol content and meat oxidative stability

Grape seeds (GS) and grape skins (GK) are natural sources of polyphenols with featured antioxidant capacity. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of these polyphenol sources in diets formulated to contain the same total extractable grape polyphenol content on growth performance, protein and extractable polyphenol digestibility, plasma and meat α-and γ-tocopherol and thigh meat oxidation in broiler chickens. Five experimental diets were formulated: control, control + vitamin E (200 mg/kg), 30 g/kg GS diet, 110 g/kg GK diet, GS + GK diet (a mixture of 24.4 g/kg GS and 13.1 g/kg GK designed to simulate a reconstituted grape pomace). Feeding chickens with 110 g/kg GK reduced (p < 0.001) daily weight gain, worsened (p < 0.001) feed conver-sion ratio, increased (p <0.001) non-extractable polyphenol content in the ileum and in the excreta and decreased (p < 0.05) ileal protein digestibility. Regardless of the grape polyphenol source used, the inclusion of grape byproducts in the diets led to an increase of total extractable polyphenol con-tents in the ileum (p < 0.01) and the excreta (p < 0.001), which resulted (p < 0.001) in a decrease of extractable polyphenol digestibilities. Alpha-and gamma-tocopherol concentrations increased (p < 0.001) in plasma and in seven-day stored meat in birds fed the diet combining GS and GK with respect to the control group. As it happened with the vitamin E supplementation, feeding the combination of GS and GK also reduced (p < 0.001) the concentration of the lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde) in the stored meat of chicken

Mineralogical and microstructural changes in alkali-activated and hybrid materials exposed to accelerated leaching

Alkali-activated materials (AAM) and hybrid cements (HC) have become sustainable alternatives to Portland cement (PC) due to their low carbon footprint. The main differences between AAM and HC lie in their content of clinker (none in the AAM and usually lower than 30% for HCs) and the type of activator used (strong alkaline solutions for AAM and small amounts of solid alkalis for HC). Durability problems related with microstructural changes due to decalcification and leaching of the cementitious paste have been well researched for PC pastes, but it is still not well known for AAM and HC. The present work aims to study the leaching process for cement pastes of both types of sustainable pastes. Blast furnace slag (BFS) was selected as a precursor to manufacture hybrid slag (HS) pastes and alkali-activated slag (AAS) pastes. A commercial CEM IV was selected as reference material. A 6 M NH4NO3 solution was used to accelerate leaching kinetics. After 28 days of immersion, the mineralogical and microstructural changes were evaluated. Results show that AAS pastes exhibited the highest leaching resistance of all the pastes under study, due to the absence of portlandite and the high level of polymerization of silicate chains. In HS pastes, the presence of portlandite (due to PC in the material) and gypsum (due to the activator) explains their intermediate performance, in between CEM IV and AAS.The authors have been able to carry out the present research thanks to financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (RTI2018-096428-B-I00 and PID2020-116738RJ-I00 projects) and Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid) under the Multiannual Agreement UC3M in the line of "Fostering Young Doctors Research" (HORATSO-CS-UC3M) in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation)

Valor nutritivo del garbanzo crudo y extrusionado en pollos de aptitud cárnica

Se realizó un experimento con el objeto de estudiar el efecto de la inclusión de distintas concentraciones (0, 100, 200 y 300 g kg-1) de garbanzo crudo y extrusionado sobre los parámetros productivos, el peso y la longitud de los órganos digestivos y la digestibilidad de la proteína y la grasa de pollos broiler (0-21 días de edad). Los datos fueron analizados siguiendo un diseño factorial (3 x 2) con tres concentraciones de garbanzo con o sin extrusión. Se utilizó una dieta basada en maízsoja como control positivo sin garbanzo. La inclusión de cantidades crecientes de garbanzo en la dieta no modificó la ganancia de peso, el consumo de alimento ni el índice de transformación de las aves, pero sí los pesos relativos del páncreas e hígado y las longitudes relativas del duodeno, yeyuno, íleon y ciego que se incrementaron significativamente (P<0,05). La digestibilidad aparente ileal (AID) de la proteína bruta (CP) y la digestibilidad aparente fecal (AED) de la grasa bruta (CF) se incrementaron (P<0,05) sólo en el caso de la incorporación de 200 g kg-1 de garbanzo. La extrusión mejoró la ganancia de peso de las aves, la AID (P<0,001) de la CP y la AED de la CF y disminuyó (P<0,05) el peso relativo del páncreas. En conclusión, la inclusión de hasta 300 g kg-1 de garbanzo no produjo modificaciones en los parámetros productivos de las aves y causó efectos negativos en algunos órganos digestivos.The effects of the inclusion of different concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg(-1)) of raw and extruded chickpeas on performance, digestive organ sizes, and protein and fat digestibilities were studied in one experiment with growing broiler chickens (0 to 21 days of age). Data were analyzed as a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with three levels of chickpea with or without extrusion. A corn-soybean based diet was used as a positive control. Increasing chickpea content in the diet did not affect weight gain, feed consumption and feed to gain ratio. Relative pancreas and liver weights, and relative lengths of duodenum, jejunum and ceca were significantly (P<0.05) increased in response to increasing chickpea concentration in the diet. The inclusion of graded concentrations of chickpea increased (P<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and apparent excreta digestibility (AED) of crude fat (CF) only in the case of the intermediate level of chickpea used (200 g kg(-1)). Extrusion improved weight gain and lowered relative pancreas weight (P<0.05) respect to birds fed raw chickpea-based diets. AID of CP and AED of CF were improved (P<0.001) by extrusion. We concluded that the inclusion of up to 300 g kg(-1) chickpea in chicken diets did not affect performance, and caused a negative effect on the relative weight of some digestive organs.The authors thank the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia for financial support of this investigation (project INIARTA 03-202)

Maintenance therapy of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma with the anti-tumor-associated-mucin-1 antibody gatipotuzumab: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase II study

BACKGROUND: Gatipotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody recognizing the carbohydrate-induced epitope of the tumor-associated mucin-1 (TA-MUC1). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of switch maintenance therapy with gatipotuzumab in patients with TA-MUC1-positive recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary high-grade serous peritoneal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II trial, patients with at least stable disease (SD) following chemotherapy were randomized 2:1 to receive intravenous gatipotuzumab (500 mg followed by 1700 mg 1 week later) or placebo every 3 weeks until tumor progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Stratification factors were the number of prior chemotherapy lines (2 versus 3-5), response versus SD after the most recent chemotherapy, and progression-free survival (PFS) <6 versus 6-12 months following the prior therapy. Primary endpoint was PFS according to modified immune-related RECIST 1.1 response criteria. Secondary endpoints were PFS at 6 months, safety, overall response rate, CA-125 progression, overall survival, quality of life, and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS: Overall, 216 patients were randomized to gatipotuzumab (n  =  151) or placebo (n  =  65). Median PFS with gatipotuzumab was 3.5 months as compared with 3.5 months with placebo (hazard ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.69-1.33, P  =  0.80). No advantage for gatipotuzumab over placebo was seen in the secondary efficacy endpoints or in any stratified subgroups. Gatipotuzumab was well tolerated, with mild to moderate infusion-related reactions being the most common adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Gatipotuzumab switch maintenance therapy does not improve outcome in TA-MUC1-positive ovarian cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govNCT01899599; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01899599

A naturalistic cohort study of first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder: A description of the early phase of illness in the PSYSCAN cohort

[Background] We examined the course of illness over a 12-month period in a large, international multi-center cohort of people with a first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder (FES) in a naturalistic, prospective study (PSYSCAN).[Method] Patients with a first episode of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder (depressive type) or schizophreniform disorder were recruited at 16 institutions in Europe, Israel and Australia. Participants (N = 304) received clinical treatment as usual throughout the study.[Results] The mean age of the cohort was 24.3 years (SD = 5.6), and 67 % were male. At baseline, participants presented with a range of intensities of psychotic symptoms, 80 % were taking antipsychotic medication, 68 % were receiving psychological treatment, with 46.5 % in symptomatic remission. The mean duration of untreated psychosis was 6.2 months (SD = 17.0). After one year, 67 % were in symptomatic remission and 61 % were in functional remission, but 31 % had been readmitted to hospital at some time after baseline. In the cohort as a whole, depressive symptoms remained stable over the follow-up period. In patients with a current depressive episode at baseline, depressive symptoms slightly improved. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis were the most commonly used substances, with daily users of cannabis ranging between 9 and 11 % throughout the follow-up period.[Conclusions] This study provides valuable insight into the early course of a broad range of clinical and functional aspects of illness in FES patients in routine clinical practice.PSYSCAN was supported as part of the European Funding 7th Framework Programme (grant number 603196).Peer reviewe

Supplements to: A naturalistic cohort study of first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a description of the early phase of illness in the PSYSCAN cohort

Suppl. Figure 1. Percentage of FES patients in symptomatic remission throughout the study.Suppl. Figure 2. Percentage of FES patients in functional remission throughout the study.Suppl. Figure 3. Clustered boxplot displaying the mean depression scores per time point (measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) in the subgroup meeting criteria for a depressive episode at baseline (assessed through the SCID-I) versus the subgroup without a depressive episode at baseline.Suppl. Table 1. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of study completers and drop-outs.Suppl. Table 2. Number of patients in symptomatic and functional remission throughout the period of follow-up.Suppl. Table 3. Generalized linear mixed models: pairwise contrasts for symptomatic and functional remission.Suppl. Table 4. Linear mixed models: estimated marginal means for PANSS, GAF, SOFAS, CGI, GF-S, GF-R and HAM-D.Suppl. Table 5. Linear mixed models: estimates of fixed effect time on PANSS, GAF, SOFAS, CGI, GF-S, GF-R and HAM-D.Suppl. Table 6. Number of patients admitted to the hospital since the previous visit due to psychotic symptoms and due to psychiatric reasons in general.Suppl. Table 7. Substances used at least once in the past three months (WHO-ASSIST).Suppl. Table 8. Number of patients reporting daily or almost daily substance use in the past three months, separated per time point and substance category (WHO-ASSIST).Suppl. Table 9. Number of patients reporting daily or almost daily substance use in the past three months, separated for the group of symptomatic remitters and non-remitters at month 12.Suppl. Table 10. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of symptomatic remitters and non-remitters at month 12.Suppl. Table 11. Summary of sociodemographics and baseline clinical characteristics of FES participants, separated per country.Suppl. Table 12. Number of FES patients in symptomatic remission throughout the period of follow-up, separated per country.Suppl. Table 13. Number of FES patients in functional remission throughout the period of follow-up, separated per country.Suppl. Table 14. Number of FES patients admitted to the hospital for psychiatric reasons throughout the period of follow-up, separated per country.Suppl. Table 15. Number of FES patients admitted to the hospital for psychosis throughout the period of follow-up, separated per country.Suppl. Table 16. Number of FES patients using antipsychotic medication throughout the period of follow-up, separated per country.Suppl. Table 17. Overview of subjects not meeting eligibility criteria.Suppl. Table 18. Number of patients in symptomatic and functional remission throughout the period of follow-up when using alternative definitions.Suppl. Table 19. Generalized linear mixed models: pairwise contrasts for symptomatic and functional remission when using alternative definitions.Peer reviewe