Cargas y especies prevalentes de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos de pelo destinados al abasto

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia y conteo de nematodos gastrointestinales (ngi) de ovinos de pelo destinados al abasto. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un rastro en Villahermosa, Tabasco, donde se analizó el contenido gastrointestinal de 122 ovinos provenientes de diferentes municipios del estado de Tabasco (Centro, Emiliano Zapata,Centla, Huimanguillo y Teapa) y Chiapas (Reforma). Se utilizó el procedimiento GLM del SAS para analizar la influencia de la edad, sexo, estado fisiológico y mes de muestreo en los  conteos de nematodos adultos totales y por especie. Las especies de nematodos encontrados fueron Haemonchus  contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis y Cooperia curticei, además el cestodo Moniezia expansa. El 41 % (50/122) de los animales presentaron alguno de los anteriores parásitos. El mayor porcentaje de ovinos parasitados se encontró en los municipios de Huimanguillo (54 %, 22/41) y Centro (40 %, 19/47). De los ovinos machos sacrificados (64/122), los de desecho (8/64) tuvieron el mayor número de ngi (2190 ± 3263) y de las hembras (58/122), las vacías (40/58)  presentaron la mayor cantidad de ngi (486 ± 1120). En los ovinos de 31 a 36 meses de edad, las cargas parasitarias (49 ± 143) fueron menores que en los animales de todas las demás edades. Se concluye que en la población de estudio la edad, sexo y estado fisiológico afectaron la prevalencia de nematodos adultos

Uso potencial y limitantes de la leguminosa Canavalia ensiformis en la salud y productividad de los ovinos

ABSTRACT: The growing and fattening of male lambs indoors with complete diets is a production practice that has grown in tropical areas. However, the high cost of the ingredients used to prepare commercial feed limits the profitability of this production system. Therefore, it is important to consider the use of available regional ingredients to produce feed for sheep. Among such various ingredients are the seeds of Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean), whose crude protein and metabolizable energy content make them attractive options for use as protein ingredient. However, these seeds have several anti-nutritional factors that limit their widespread incorporation into sheep feeding programs. This review shows the results that have been obtained in growth efficiency of lambs housed in a warm humid environment and fed with diets that inelude raw jack bean seeds. Changes that occur in the rumen microbial population and degradation of dry matter and crude protein of jack bean seeds are highlighted. AdditionaIly, the need to generate knowledge about the application of physical-chemical and biological processes that allow use of jack bean seeds in sheep feeding in a sustainable manner and without risks to their health is discussed.RESUMEN: El proceso de crecimiento y finalización de corderos machos en estabulación con dietas integrales es una práctica de producción que se usa en la región tropical. Sin embargo, el alto costo de los ingredientes utilizados para elaborar alimentos de tipo comercial limita la rentabilidad de este sistema de producción. Por lo que es importante considerar el uso de ingredientes con disponibilidad regional para elaborar alimentos para ovinos. Entre los diversos ingredientes se encuentran las semillas de Canavalia ensiformis, cuyo contenido en proteína cruda y energía metabolizable las hace atractiva como ingrediente proteínico; pero este tipo de semillas poseen diversos factores antinutricionales que limitan su incorporación de forma extensiva en los programas de alimentación de ovinos. La presente revisión muestra resultados que se han obtenido en la eficiencia de crecimiento de ovinos alojados en clima cálido húmedo alimentados con dietas que incluyen harina de semillas de canavalia. Se destacan los cambios que ocurren en la población de microbios del rumen y en la degradación de la materia seca y proteína cruda de semilla de canavalia. Adicionalmente, se incluye la necesidad de generar conocimiento sobre la aplicación de procesos físico-químicos y biológicos que permitan utilizar las semillas de canavalia en la alimentación de los ovinos de manera sustentable y sin riesgos para su salud

Turix, a dynamic mechanistic model for feed evaluation

The objective of this study was to use the Turix model (a new mechanistic dynamic model that can be used for feed evaluation under tropical conditions), along with in situ and in vitro sugar cane experimental data from a previous study, to evaluate sugar cane kinetics through estimation of three parameters associated with ruminal bacterial growth: kM,SmL, the substrate uptake; kLM, the bacterial growth from intermediate metabolite; and Y VFAP,FS, the products related to volatile fatty acid yield. Values of these parameters for the whole sugar cane and its neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) fractions were: a) kM, SmL, 16.20, 50.47 and 21.97 mL h-1 (mg M)-1 ; b) kLM, 96.00, 543.00 and 1,680.00 h-1 ; and, 1.02, 0.40 and 0.23 g g-1 , respectively. Results from the model adjustment showed a slow microbial substrate uptake c) Y VFAP, FS and a low biomass yield for whole sugar cane. The highest substrate uptake was obtained for NDF, while the highest biomass yield was obtained for ADF. The interrelation between the parameters kM, SmL showed to be important for biological and Y VFAP, FS description of microorganism growth and VFAP and biomass production

Forage yield of Urochloa brizantha [(Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R.D.] cv. Insurgente at different cutting heights

Objective: the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cutting height on the forage yield of Urochloa brizantha cv. Insurgente. Design/methodology/approach: the experiment was carried in the Universidad del Papaloapan, Loma Bonita, Oaxaca Mexico. Four cutting heights (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) in the rainy, north winds, and dry seasons were evaluated. Treatments were distributed in a completely randomized block design with four replicates. Plant height (PH), fresh matter yield (FMY), dry matter yield (DMY), growth rate (GR), and morphological components: lamina, sheath, and stem were evaluated. Results: the interaction of the cutting intensity and season on all variables evaluated were significant (P<0.01). The greater value of PH (42 cm) was found with the cutting at 20 cm, during the rainy season. The higher values FMY and DMY (2,484 and 606 kg ha-1, respectively) were obtained at 15 cm, during the rainy season, values that are similar (P>0.05) to those obtained with 20 cm, with 2,410 and 582 kg ha-1, respectively. The higher values of lamina, sheath and stem yield were obtained with cutting at 15 and 20 cm of height, during the rainy season. The highest value of GR (31 kg DM ha-1 d-1) was found during the rainy season regardless of the cutting height. Findings/conclusions: the highest forage yield was achieved when harvesting at 15 and 20 cm, irrespective of the year season.Objective: Evaluate the forage yield of Urochloa brizantha cv. Insurgente at differentcutting heights.Design/ methodology/ approach: the experiment was carried out at the Universidaddel Papaloapan, Loma Bonita, Oaxaca, Mexico. Four cutting heights were evaluated (5,10, 15, and 20 cm) during the rainy, norther, and dry seasons. The experiment followeda randomized block design with four replicates. We evaluated plant height (PH), greenmatter yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY), growth rate (GR), and morphologicalcomponents, such as leaf yield (LY), sheath yield (SY), and stem yield (StY).Results: the cutting height and season interaction was significant for all the evaluatedvariables (P?0.01). The highest PH (42 cm) was obtained with a cutting height of 20 cmduring the rainy season. The highest GMY and DMY (2,484 and 606 kg ha -1 ,respectively) were obtained with cutting heights of 15 cm during the rainy season. Thesevalues were similar (P>0.05) to those obtained at 20 cm (2,410 and 582 kg ha -1 ,respectively). The highest LY, SY, and StY values were obtained with cutting heights of15 and 20 cm during the rainy season. The highest GR (31 kg MS ha -1 day -1 ) wasobserved during the rainy season, regardless of cutting height.Findings/ conclusions: for each of the evaluated seasons, cutting heights of 15 and 20cm resulted in the highest forage yields of U. brizantha cv. Insurgente

Efecto del nivel de urea del sacchapulido sobre la degradación del forraje elefante (Pennisetum purpureum)

The effect of the urea level of the fermented supplement Sacchapulido (SP) on the degradation of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was evaluated. The pH, N-NH3 and in situ and effective degradation (ID and ED respectively) were determined, as well as the kinetic parameters of dry matter (DM), NDF and ADF of the forage. Five fistulated bovines were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The standard deviation indicated that the supplements have between 0.5 and 1.0% urea; they contributed 10% more biomass due to the increase in size of the potentially degradable fraction of the feed, both in the NDF and cellular content. Due to the cost of urea, the use of SP with 0.5% urea is recommended.Se evaluó el efecto del nivel de urea sobre la degradación del pasto Elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) en el suplemento fermentado, Sacchapulido (SP). Se determinó el pH, N-NH3, la degradación in situ (DI) y efectiva (DE), así como, los parámetros cinéticos de materia seca (MS), FDN y FDA del forraje. Se utilizaron cinco bovinos fistulados en rumen en un diseño cuadro Latino 5x5. La DE indicó que los suplementos que tienen entre 0.5 y 1.0% de urea, aportaron un 10% más de biomasa por el aumento de tamaño de la fracción potencialmente degradable (PD) del alimento, tanto en la FDN, como en el contenido celular. Debido al costo de la urea, se recomienda el uso del SP con 0.5% de urea