ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Relationship of edge localized mode burst times with divertor flux loop signal phase in JET

A phase relationship is identified between sequential edge localized modes (ELMs) occurrence times in a set of H-mode tokamak plasmas to the voltage measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region. We focus on plasmas in the Joint European Torus where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which ELMs are observed in the Be II emission at the divertor. The ELMs analysed arise from intrinsic ELMing, in that there is no deliberate intent to control the ELMing process by external means. We use ELM timings derived from the Be II signal to perform direct time domain analysis of the full flux loop VLD2 and VLD3 signals, which provide a high cadence global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux. Specifically, we examine how the time interval between pairs of successive ELMs is linked to the time-evolving phase of the full flux loop signals. Each ELM produces a clear early pulse in the full flux loop signals, whose peak time is used to condition our analysis. The arrival time of the following ELM, relative to this pulse, is found to fall into one of two categories: (i) prompt ELMs, which are directly paced by the initial response seen in the flux loop signals; and (ii) all other ELMs, which occur after the initial response of the full flux loop signals has decayed in amplitude. The times at which ELMs in category (ii) occur, relative to the first ELM of the pair, are clustered at times when the instantaneous phase of the full flux loop signal is close to its value at the time of the first ELM

Complicações das cirurgias hipofisárias: análise de 120 cirurgias no HUCFF-UFRJ Complications of pituitary surgery: analysis of 120 operations at HUCFF-UFRJ

Estudamos uma série de 108 pacientes, submetidos a 120 intervenções cirúrgicas para tratamento de tumores hipofisários realizadas no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), no período de 1979 a julho de 1998, com o objetivo de analisar a morbidade e mortalidade pós-operatória imediata. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 15 e 70 anos. Os diagnósticos etiológicos foram: adenomas não secretores, 46 (38,34%); acromegalia, 30 (25%); prolactinoma, 29 (24,16%) e doença de Cushing, 15 (12,5 %). As principais complicações endocrinológicas foram: pan-hipopituitarismo,16 (13,34%); diabetes insípidus central (DIC), 15 (12,5%); hiposuprarenalismo, 4 (3,34%). Complicações neurocirúrgicas: infecção, 13 (10,84%) e fístula liquórica, 6 (5 %). Ocorreram 2 óbitos (1,67%). Nossos resultados se enquadram dentro dos encontrados na literatura internacional. Quando analisamos ano a ano esta casuística identificamos queda progressiva da morbimortalidade, demonstrando a importância não só da habilidade do neurocirurgião, como da uniformidade da equipe que acompanha estes pacientes.<br>We evaluated 120 pituitary operations performed at Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro from 1979 to July 1998 with the aim of analysing the immediate post operative morbidity and mortality. The ages ranged from 15 to 70 years and the clinical diagnoses were: nonsecreting adenomas, 46 (38,34%); acromegaly, 30 (25%); prolactinomas, 29 (24,16%) and Cushing`s disease 15 (12,5%). The main endocrine complications were : panhypopituitarism, 16 (13,34%); diabetes insipidus,15 (12,5%) and adrenocortical insufficiency, 4 (3,34%). Neurological complications: infection, 13 (10,84%); and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 6 (5%). Two patients died. Our results agree with those of the international literature. We identified a progressive decrease of morbidity and mortality due to surgeon's skill increase and to the uniformity of the clinical team which managed those patients