Parâmetros demográficos do Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 em cultivares e variedades crioulas de Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) da região amazônica

Objetivou-se avaliar a resistência de genótipos de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. frente ao ataque do Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), mediante elaboração de tabelas de vida de fertilidade. A pesquisa foi realizada na Universidade Federal do Ceará. Foram utilizados nove genótipos, destes o VITA 7 foi utilizado como padrão de susceptibilidade ao inseto. Formou-se uma coorte, onde cada genótipo teve oito plantas como réplicas, e cada réplica recebeu um pulgão. Registrou-se diariamente o número de indivíduos vivos, o número de descendentes, os quais em seguida eram retirados e a longevidade dos insetos da coorte registrada. Através da elaboração das tabelas de vida de fertilidade foram estimados os parâmetros demográficos dos afídeos sobre cada genótipo através do método Jackknife. Os genótipos feijão-pretinho, corujinha e vermelho apresentaram os menores valores da taxa líquida de reprodução (8,70, 12,2, e 12,7), taxa intrínseca de crescimento (0,26, 0,31 e 0,31) e razão finita de crescimento (1,29 1,37 e 1,36). Pode-se concluir que os genótipos feijão-pretinho, feijão-corujinha e feijão-vermelho são inadequados como hospedeiros, influenciando diretamente na diminuição do potencial reprodutivo da população de A. craccivora, apresentando resistência do tipo antibiose

Identificação de variedades locais de feijão-de-corda resistentes ao pulgão-preto por diferentes análises estatística

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo buscar novas fontes de resistência ao pulgão-preto (Aphis craccivora) em variedades locais de feijão-de-corda (Vigna unguiculata) e inferir qual mecanismos de resistência poderiam estar envolvidos nesse processo de defesa da planta, bem como sugerir entre os materiais estudados as melhores combinações de cruzamentos para obtenção de híbridos superiores resistentes utilizando as análises, univariada e multivariada, como métodos estatísticos. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Umirim-CE, tendo sido conduzido em telado, com delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e vinte e quatro tratamentos e adicionados quatro genótipos padrões com resistência conhecida. Para avaliar a resistência dos genótipos, as variáveis utilizadas foram número de adultos vivos e número de ninfas vivas. Os resultados indicaram que a análise multivariada apresenta resultados semelhantes a análise univariada, fornecendo informações complementares sobre os possíveis cruzamentos visando a resistência ao Aphis craccivora, como no caso da utilização dos genótipos Rabo-de-tatu (CCE-115), Corujinha (CCE-055) e Leandro-do-monte (CCE-112) que apresentam resistência por antibiose e poderem ser utilizados como fonte de genes em retrocruzamentos com cultivares que apresentam susceptibilidade ao pulgão-preto e alto potencial genético para outras características agronômicas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) e seus hospedeiros no município de Quixeré, estado do Ceará, Brasil

The state of Ceará is one of the main producers and exporters of tropical fruits in Brazil. However, the farmers have some problems related with the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), because these tefritids cause damages to the fruits and the simple presence of some species makes difficult the export of fruits in natura. In the state of Ceará, information about fruit flies and their hosts in fruit producing regions are scarce, such as in the region of Baixo Jaguaribe. This region is located in the Brazilian semiarid and is composed of ten municipalities, among them the municipality of Quixeré. Therefore, the objective of this study was to know the species of fruit flies, their hosts and respective infestation index, in different places of the municipality of Quixeré. For this, fruits were randomly collected in different fruit trees (native and exotic), in the rural and urban area of Quixeré. The collected fruits were transported to the laboratory, where they were counted, weighed and stored in plastic trays on a layer of vermiculite. After seven days, the vermiculite was sieved and the pupae obtained were stored in plastic containers until the emergence of adults. Fruits of 22 species were sampled and only five were infested by fruit flies. The species obtained were Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). Guava Psidium guajava L. was the fruit that presented the highest rates of infestation.O estado do Ceará é um dos principais produtores e exportadores de frutas tropicais do Brasil. No entanto, os produtores têm alguns problemas relacionados com as moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae), pois estes tefritídeos causam danos aos frutos e a simples presença de algumas espécies dificulta a exportação de frutas in natura. No estado do Ceará são escassas as informações sobre as moscas-das-frutas e seus hospedeiros nas regiões produtoras de frutas, como por exemplo, na região do Baixo Jaguaribe. Esta região está localizada no semiárido brasileiro e é composta por dez municípios, entre eles o município de Quixeré. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as espécies de moscas-das-frutas, seus hospedeiros e respectivos índices de infestação, em diferentes locais do município de Quixeré. Para isto, foram realizadas coletas aleatórias de frutos em diferentes frutíferas (nativas e exóticas), na zona rural e urbana de Quixeré. Os frutos coletados eram levados para o laboratório, onde eram contados, pesados e acondicionados em bandejas plásticas sobre uma camada de vermiculita. Após sete dias, a vermiculita era peneirada e os pupuários obtidos eram acondicionados em recipientes plásticos até a emergência dos adultos. Frutos de 22 espécies foram amostrados e apenas cinco estavam infestadas por moscas-das-frutas. As espécies obtidas foram Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi e Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). A goiaba Psidium guajava L. foi o fruto que apresentou os maiores índices de infestação

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their hosts in the municipality of Quixeré, state of Ceará, Brazil

O estado do Ceará é um dos principais produtores e exportadores de frutas tropicais do Brasil. No entanto, os produtores têm alguns problemas relacionados com as moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae), pois estes tefritídeos causam danos aos frutos e a simples presença de algumas espécies dificulta a exportação de frutas in natura. No estado do Ceará são escassas as informações sobre as moscas-das-frutas e seus hospedeiros nas regiões produtoras de frutas, como por exemplo, na região do Baixo Jaguaribe. Esta região está localizada no semiárido brasileiro e é composta por dez municípios, entre eles o município de Quixeré. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as espécies de moscas-das-frutas, seus hospedeiros e respectivos índices de infestação, em diferentes locais do município de Quixeré. Para isto, foram realizadas coletas aleatórias de frutos em diferentes frutíferas (nativas e exóticas), na zona rural e urbana de Quixeré. Os frutos coletados eram levados para o laboratório, onde eram contados, pesados e acondicionados em bandejas plásticas sobre uma camada de vermiculita. Após sete dias, a vermiculita era peneirada e os pupuários obtidos eram acondicionados em recipientes plásticos até a emergência dos adultos. Frutos de 21 espécies foram amostrados e apenas cinco estavam infestadas por moscas-das-frutas. As espécies obtidas foram Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi e Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). A goiaba Psidium guajava L. foi o fruto que apresentou os maiores índices de infestação.The state of Ceará is one of the main producers and exporters of tropical fruits in Brazil. However, the farmers have some problems related with the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), because these tefritids cause damages to the fruits and the simple presence of some species makes difficult the export of fruits in natura. In the state of Ceará, information about fruit flies and their hosts in fruit producing regions are scarce, such as in the region of Baixo Jaguaribe. This region is located in the Brazilian semiarid and is composed of ten municipalities, among them the municipality of Quixeré. Therefore, the objective of this study was to know the species of fruit flies, their hosts and respective infestation index, in different places of the municipality of Quixeré. For this, fruits were randomly collected in different fruit trees (native and exotic), in the rural and urban area of Quixeré. The collected fruits were transported to the laboratory, where they were counted, weighed and stored in plastic trays on a layer of vermiculite. After seven days, the vermiculite was sieved and the pupae obtained were stored in plastic containers until the emergence of adults. Fruits of 21 species were sampled and only five were infested by fruit flies. The species obtained were Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). Guava Psidium guajava L. was the fruit that presented the highest rates of infestation