De Sanctis e la storiografia letteraria italiana

L'autore analizzza l'impatto della «Storia della letteratura italiana» di Francesco De Sanctis sulla storiografia italiana del xx secolo, rilevando come la linea storicistica «lineare» di De Sanctis sia stata assunta come modello storiografico di tutte le Storie letterarie successive ma come nel contempo sia stata oggetto anche di una riduzione ideologica, da Croce a Gentile, a Gramsci, con la sottolineatura degli aspetti «militanti» della sua opera. De San­ctis ha concepito la sua «Storia» in funzione del processo unitario risorgimentale: soltanto Carlo Dionisotti ha criticato le ragioni storiche di tale modello proponendone acutamente uno radicalmente alternativo, di tipo geografico-storico,che recentemente ha iniziato a produrre i suoi risultati, anche a livello formativo.The author analyses the impact of the «Storia della letteratura italiana» by Francesco De Sanctis about the Italian historiography of the Twentieth century, pointing out how the his­toricist line by De Sanctis has established itself as a historiographical model for the whole later literary history while, at the same time, it proposes an ideological reduction, from Croce and Gentile, to Gramsci, with the underlining of the «militant» aspects of his work. De Sanctis has conceived his «Storia» in relationship with the unitary process of the Risorgimento: only Carlo Dionisotti has criticised the historical reasons of such a model, and has aptly proposed a radical alternative one of a historical-geographical type. This alternative has recently begun to achieve results at a formative level

Organizational Change, Skill Formation, Human Capital Measurement: Evidence From Italian Manufacturing Firms

Basing on a job competition approach, in this paper we provide a labour demand-oriented measure of human capital as defined by the amount of specific skills a firm generates through work-based training (WBT) activities. By merging three rich firm-level datasets, we estimate the impact of a set of variables that are supposed to affect both the propensity to invest in WBT and the intensity of training within the Italian manufacturing industry over the period 2001-2005.The estimates show that the effects of innovation on WBT is higher when the introduction of new technologies is supported by organizational innovations. When looking at the nature of WBT, we investigate the different determinants of the firms' propensity to provide both in-house and outside training. Finally, we estimate training intensity in terms, respectively, of the number of training activities provided, private and total training costs and the share of trainees

Safety and efficacy of colistin versus meropenem in the empirical treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia as part of a macro-project funded by the Seventh Framework Program of the European Commission studying off-patent antibiotics. study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common and severe hospital-adquired infections, and multidrugresistant gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) constitute the main etiology in many countries. Inappropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment is associated with increased mortality. In this context, the empirical treatment of choice for VAP is unknown. Colistin, is now the antimicrobial with greatest in vitro activity against MDR-GNB. Methods/Design: The MagicBullet clinical trial is an investigator-driven clinical study, funded by the Seventh Framework Program of the European Commission. This is designed as a phase IV, randomized, controlled, open label, non-inferiority and international trial to assess the safety and efficacy of colistin versus meropenem in late onset VAP. The study is conducted in a total of 32 centers in three European countries (Spain, Italy and Greece) with specific high incidences of infections caused by MDR-GNB. Patients older than 18 years who develop VAP with both clinical and radiological signs, and are on mechanical ventilation for more than 96 hours, or less than 96 hours but with previous antibiotic treatment plus one week of hospitalization, are candidates for inclusion in the study. A total sample size of 496 patients will be randomized according to a severity clinical score (at the time of VAP diagnosis in a 1:1 ratio to receive either colistin 4.5 MU as a loading dose, followed by 3 MU every eight hours (experimental arm), or meropenem 2 g every eight hours (control arm), both combined with levofloxacin. Mortality from any cause at 28 days will be considered as the main outcome. Clinical and microbiological cure will be evaluated at 72 hours, eight days, the finalization of antibiotic treatment, and 28 days of follow-up. The efficacy evaluation will be performed in every patient who receives at least one study treatment drug, and with etiologic diagnosis of VAP, intention-to-treat population and per protocol analysis will be performed

Analysis of a Low Concentration Solar Plant with Compound Parabolic Collectors and a Rotary Expander for Electricity Generation

In the last decade many studies have been carried out on low temperature solar compound parabolic collectors (CPC) that are able to collect solar direct and diffuse radiation without the need of a tracking system, especially if coupled with small scale Organic Rankine Cycles for electricity and heat combined production. This paper presents a study on a thermal power plant that uses an expansion device driven with pressurized vapor generated with the heat collected by a CPC solar field. The numerical model of the expansion device was developed with the simulation tool AMESim v.12 and allowed the simulation of the indicated cycle of this machine for the evaluation of delivered power, isentropic efficiency and specific working fluid consumption. At the same time in this paper an analytical model of the evacuated solar CPC is presented for the evaluation of the collected heat as a function of sun incidence angle, external temperature, inlet carrier fluid temperature and mass flow rate. These two models were used in conjunction for the analysis of the electricity that may be generated as a function of the ambient and working conditions. This study was performed in steady state conditions and with several working fluids to evaluate the power that would be delivered by a given displacement expander rotating at a fixed speed. The results are given in terms of delivered power, thermal efficiency and amount of collecting surface needed for a given displacement expansion machine, calculated for several working fluids and different operating conditions

Quais clássicos? Um cânone para a Europa

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o cânone literário europeu com o objetivo de averiguar se há um denominador literário comum entre os países da Europa. Além disso, questiona se esses elementos ditos comuns podem agir para superar a crise política, econômica e social enfrentada por aquele continente. A discussão mostra o resultado de duas pesquisas realizadas em 2007 e 2011 pelo Departamento de Estudos Europeus, Americanos e Interculturais da Universidade La Sapienza de Roma e pelo Centro de Iniciativa Democrática de Professores; pesquisa essa que contou com uma amostra de cerca de 3.000 estudantes universitários e de ensino médio, e cerca de 100 professores universitários de literatura. Algumas das questões que nortearam a pesquisa foram: O que cada país entende por "literatura europeia"? Quais autores e obras a representam? Esses autores e obras podem formar um "cânone" da "literatura européia" capaz de identificar e propor um denominador comum mínimo e um caminho formativo comum para todos os 28 países que atualmente formam a União Europeia? Em que perspectivas globais, ou de Weltliteratur, é possível imaginar as relações entre a literatura europeia e as literaturas de outros países e continentes

The Risk-based Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Risk evaluation and prognostic stratification based upon clinical and radiological findings and new cardiac biomarkers, such as natriuretic peptides (NP) and troponins, represent key points in modern management of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Literature evidence shows that normotensive PE with right heart dysfunction (RHD), defined as submassive PE, has poorer prognosis when compared to normotensive PE without RHD, defined as non-massive PE; thus whether submassive PE should be managed more aggressively and with closer monitoring represents the crucial question about acute PE treatment. Although the answer is yet unclear, the most recent guidelines address to thrombolysis as treatment choice in selected high risk patients with submassive PE. Guidelines also clarify the indications for unfractioned and low molecular weight heparins and fondaparinux. Therefore, in the present article, the authors focus on modern risk-based therapeutic guidelines of acute PE

Editorial: Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment - Impacting the environment with innovation in wastewater treatment

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