NuSTAR observations of the young, energetic radio pulsar PSR B1509-58

We report on Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) hard X-ray observations of the young rotation-powered radio pulsar PSR B1509$-$58 in the supernova remnant MSH 15$-$52. We confirm the previously reported curvature in the hard X-ray spectrum, showing that a log parabolic model provides a statistically superior fit to the spectrum compared with the standard power law. The log parabolic model describes the NuSTAR data, as well as previously published gamma-ray data obtained with COMPTEL and AGILE, all together spanning 3 keV through 500 MeV. Our spectral modelling allows us to constrain the peak of the broadband high energy spectrum to be at 2.6$\pm$0.8 MeV, an improvement of nearly an order of magnitude in precision over previous measurements. In addition, we calculate NuSTAR spectra in 26 pulse phase bins and confirm previously reported variations of photon indices with phase. Finally, we measure the pulsed fraction of PSR B1509$-$58 in the hard X-ray energy band for the first time. Using the energy resolved pulsed fraction results, we estimate that the pulsar's off-pulse emission has a photon index value between 1.26 and 1.96. Our results support a model in which the pulsar's lack of GeV emission is due to viewing geometry, with the X-rays originating from synchrotron emission from secondary pairs in the magnetosphere.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables, ApJ accepte

Cognitive processing of multiword expressions in native and non-native speakers of English: evidence from gaze data

Gaze data has been used to investigate the cognitive processing of certain types of formulaic language such as idioms and binominal phrases, however, very little is known about the online cognitive processing of multiword expressions. In this paper we use gaze features to compare the processing of verb - particle and verb - noun multiword expressions to control phrases of the same part-of-speech pattern. We also compare the gaze data for certain components of these expressions and the control phrases in order to find out whether these components are processed differently from the whole units. We provide results for both native and non-native speakers of English and we analyse the importance of the various gaze features for the purpose of this study. We discuss our findings in light of the E-Z model of reading

Using gaze data to predict multiword expressions

In recent years gaze data has been increasingly used to improve and evaluate NLP models due to the fact that it carries information about the cognitive processing of linguistic phenomena. In this paper we conduct a preliminary study towards the automatic identification of multiword expressions based on gaze features from native and non-native speakers of English. We report comparisons between a part-ofspeech (POS) and frequency baseline to: i) a prediction model based solely on gaze data and ii) a combined model of gaze data, POS and frequency. In spite of the challenging nature of the task, best performance was achieved by the latter. Furthermore, we explore how the type of gaze data (from native versus non-native speakers) affects the prediction, showing that data from the two groups is discriminative to an equal degree. Finally, we show that late processing measures are more predictive than early ones, which is in line with previous research on idioms and other formulaic structures.Na

Influencia del micrositio y el ambiente en la instalación de Polylepis tarapacana en los Altos Andes

Del total de micrositios presentes en un ambiente, solo una fracción presenta condiciones adecuadas para asegurar la regeneración del bosque. Este estudio analiza la facilitación dada por el ambiente y los micrositios a la regeneración de P. tarapacana en los Altos Andes. Se trabajó con 21 bosques en Jujuy, Argentina, registrándose variables de estructura forestal, humedad de suelo y la oferta de micrositios para la instalación de renovales. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Pearson entre variables ambientales y de estructura forestal de renovales y de árboles y arbustos. Además, se realizó un ANOVA simple utilizando 8 categorías de micrositios como factor principal para analizar la humedad del suelo y la densidad de renovales. La densidad de renovales representa el 36.8% de la densidad de árboles y arbustos. A mayores pendientes la presencia de renovales disminuye, pero no se hallaron diferencias significativas con la altitud. Se encontró una mayor densidad de plántulas (201.2 y 279.5 ind.ha−1) en micrositios bajo la influencia de rocas que coindicen con una mayor humedad de suelo, pero no así en micrositios con hojarasca, con un mismo contenido de humedad. Existió una oferta variada de micrositios posibles de encontrar en la zona de estudio, donde la densidad de los renovales se relacionó positivamente con la oferta de micrositios bajo la influencia de rocas, y estuvo asociada a la humedad relativa de los mismos. Estos resultados permiten definir los micrositios propicios para la regeneración de P. tarapacana pudiendo ser utilizados para identificar las áreas más adecuadas para la restauración y conservación de esta especie.Of the total numbers of microsites present in an environment, only a fraction presents adequate conditions to ensure the regeneration of the forest. This study analyzes the facilitation given by the environment and the microsites in the P. tarapacana regeneration in the High Andes. We worked with 21 forests in Jujuy, Argentina, registering variables of forest structure, soil moisture and the offer of microsites. Pearson correlation analyses were done between environmental variables and forest structure of seedling and trees and shrubs. In addition, a simple ANOVA were performed using 8 categories of microsites as the main factor to analyze soil moisture and the density of seedling. The density of seedling represents 36.8% of the density of trees and shrubs. At greater slopes, the presence of seedling decreases, but no significant differences were found with altitude. A higher seedling density (201.2 and 279.5 ind.ha−1) was found in microsites under the influence of rocks that coincide with higher soil moisture, but not in microsites with litter, with the same moisture content. There was a varied offer of microsites that could be found in the study area, where the density of the seedling was positively related to the offer of microsites under the influence of rocks and was associated with their relative humidity. These results define microsites favorable for regenerating P. tarapacana which can be used to identify the most suitable areas for restoration and preservation of this species.Fil: Lopez, Victoria Lien. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cellini, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Cuyckens, Griet An Erica. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Centro de Estudios Ambientales Territoriales y Sociales; Argentin

Detecting high-functioning autism in adults using eye tracking and machine learning

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by IEEE in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering on 30/04/2020, available online: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9082703 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.The purpose of this study is to test whether visual processing differences between adults with and without highfunctioning autism captured through eye tracking can be used to detect autism. We record the eye movements of adult participants with and without autism while they look for information within web pages. We then use the recorded eye-tracking data to train machine learning classifiers to detect the condition. The data was collected as part of two separate studies involving a total of 71 unique participants (31 with autism and 40 control), which enabled the evaluation of the approach on two separate groups of participants, using different stimuli and tasks. We explore the effects of a number of gaze-based and other variables, showing that autism can be detected automatically with around 74% accuracy. These results confirm that eye-tracking data can be used for the automatic detection of high-functioning autism in adults and that visual processing differences between the two groups exist when processing web pages.Published versio

Remedying contact dermatitis in broiler chickens with novel flooring treatments

Simple Summary Contact dermatitis is an overarching term for inflamed or necrotic lesions after contact with an allergen or irritant. Broiler chickens commonly experience these lesions due to prolonged contact with moisture, feces, and ammonia within litter. This study aimed to find methods to prevent and remedy lesions on broilers' feet, hocks, and breast. Furthermore, the impact of treatments on plumage cleanliness, gait, and body weight was investigated. We applied novel flooring treatments consisting of plastic slats and disinfectant mats containing povidone-iodine, which we compared to the industry control (used litter) and a positive control (clean litter). Weekly measurements on a sample of birds in each pen showed us the impact of both flooring treatments and age (weeks) on animal welfare outcomes. Contrary to expectations, the novel flooring treatments did not prevent or remedy contact dermatitis. In fact, the positive control, consisting of replacing litter every four days, resulted in the best welfare condition, with limited to no contact dermatitis at week seven of age. Contact dermatitis (footpad dermatitis (FPD), hock burns, and breast dermatitis) is a welfare issue for broiler chickens, causing pain and behavioral restrictions. Once lesions develop, often nothing is done to remedy the issue for the affected flock. Our objective was to evaluate novel flooring treatments at the flock level by providing preventative and remedial treatments against contact dermatitis, plumage soiling, and gait impairment. Broilers (n = 546) were housed in 42 pens, with 13 birds/pen. The flooring treatments (four) included used litter (NEG), new pine shavings replaced regularly (POS), a mat filled with 1% povidone-iodine solution (MAT), and the iodine mat placed on a slatted floor (SLAT). Flooring treatments were provided from day one of age (preventative approach; PREV) or day 29 (remedial approach; REM). Contact dermatitis, soiling, gait, and weight were recorded weekly (seven birds/pen). Results showed a treatment effect for all measures, dependent on bird age. Overall, the POS treatment resulted in the best welfare outcomes (FPD, hock burns, and gait). The worst contact dermatitis was found in the MAT and SLAT groups. NEG birds showed little contact dermatitis, opposite to expectations. Weights were lower for PREV-POS in week seven only. The treatments with povidone-iodine were deemed ineffective against contact dermatitis. Access to clean litter prevented and remedied contact dermatitis, and a comparable approach may be commercially feasible

Liver imaging reporting and data system: An expert consensus statement

The increasing incidence and high morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have inspired the creation of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS). LI-RADS aims to reduce variability in exam interpretation, improve communication, facilitate clinical therapeutic decisions, reduce omission of pertinent information, and facilitate the monitoring of outcomes. LI-RADS is a dynamic process, which is updated frequently. In this article, we describe the LI-RADS 2014 version (v2014), which marks the second update since the initial version in 2011