Electromagnetic radiation produced by avalanches in the magnetization reversal of Mn12-Acetate

Electromagnetic radiation produced by avalanches in the magnetization reversal of Mn12-Acetate has been measured. Short bursts of radiation have been detected, with intensity significantly exceeding the intensity of the black-body radiation from the sample. The model based upon superradiance from inversely populated spin levels has been suggested

Nota sobre la presencia de minerales arcillosos de transformación en facies evaporíticas del Bundsandstein superior de Sierra Calderona (Ibérica suroriental, Valencia)

En lutitas de la facies Rot, en la Cordillera Ibérica, zona sudoriental, se ha determinado la presencia de interestratificados (14c,-14m,), que denotan el carácter evaporítico de estas facies

Equilibrios al estado sólido entre frases de solución sólida en sistemas minerales binarios: Sistema RbBr-RbI

X-ray diffraction has been used to study the de equilimixtion in solid state of Rb(BrXIi..) solid solutions The compositions of the phases in equilibrium at room temnerature are 0.18 RbBr-0.82 RbI and 0.96 RbBr-0.04 ÉZb1, respectively. The maximum critical  temperature of the demixtion is 422ºC, corresponding to the composition X~t.1= 0.35. AS a result of this experimental work the existente of a  single-phase region at high-temperature and a two-phases region at interdifracmediate and  low-temperature has been established

Aplicación de la función densidad electrónica para diferenciar la estructura de la corrensita y de la clorita-clorita hinchable

El estudio por difracción de rayos X de interestratificados de minerales de la arcilla es de gran utilidad en la investigación geológica de los materiales arcillosos. El analisis de los espectros de difracción de interestratificados regulares utilizando los metodos de "tanteo" de determinación de estructuras cristalinas asi como los basados en la transformada de Fourier, permite obtener una información mas relacionada con el interestratificado que con la muestra arcillosa global en el caso de estudiar muestras no puras, mejor que los métodos quimicos en los que se basan un gran número de conclusiones de tipo estructural. La aplicación de la transformada de Fourier para la función de mezcla asi como de la función densidad electrónica pone de manifiesto que las estructuras de los interestratificados regulares de cloritaclorita hinchable y de clorita-esmectita son distintas, a pesar de ser utilizada indistintamente por algunos autores la denominación de corrensita para ambos interestratificados

DATA FUSION APPROACHES IN SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF PDO WINE VINEGARS

Spain is one of the major producers of high-quality wine vinegars having three protected designations of origin (a.k.a. PDOs): "Vinagre de Jerez", "Vinagre de Condado de Huelva" and "Vinagre de Montilla-Moriles". Their high prices due to their high quality and their high production costs explain the need for developing an adequate quality control technique and the interest in extensive characterization in order to capture the identity of each denomination. In this framework, methodologies based on non-targeted techniques, such as spectroscopies, are becoming popular in food authentication. Thus, for improving vinegar quality assessment, fusion of data blocks obtained from the same samples but different analytical techniques could be a good strategy, since the quantity and quality of sample knowledge could be enhanced providing new insights into the differentiation of vinegars. Therefore, the aim of this manuscript is the development of a multi-platform methodology and a model able to classify the Spanish wine vinegar PDOs. Sixty-five PDO wine vinegars were analyzed by four spectroscopic techniques: Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Two different data fusion strategies were evaluated: Mid-level data fusion with different preprocessing, and Common Component and Specific Weights analysis multiblock method. Exploratory and classification analysis on the data from individual techniques were also performed and compared with data fusion models. The data fusion models improved the classification, providing a more efficient differentiation, than the models based on single methods, and supporting the approach to combine these methods to achieve synergies for an optimized PDO differentiation

Massive open star clusters using the VVV survey III: A young massive cluster at the far edge of the Galactic bar

Context: Young massive clusters are key to map the Milky Way's structure, and near-IR large area sky surveys have contributed strongly to the discovery of new obscured massive stellar clusters. Aims: We present the third article in a series of papers focused on young and massive clusters discovered in the VVV survey. This article is dedicated to the physical characterization of VVV CL086, using part of its OB-stellar population. Methods: We physically characterized the cluster using $JHK_S$ near-infrared photometry from ESO public survey VVV images, using the VVV-SkZ pipeline, and near-infrared $K$-band spectroscopy, following the methodology presented in the first article of the series. Results: Individual distances for two observed stars indicate that the cluster is located at the far edge of the Galactic bar. These stars, which are probable cluster members from the statistically field-star decontaminated CMD, have spectral types between O9 and B0V. According to our analysis, this young cluster ($1.0$ Myr $<$ age $< 5.0$ Myr) is located at a distance of $11^{+5}_{-6}$ kpc, and we estimate a lower limit for the cluster total mass of $(2.8^{+1.6}_{-1.4})\cdot10^3 {M}_{\odot}$. It is likely that the cluster contains even earlier and more massive stars.Comment: Accepted for publication as a Letter in A&

Current knowledge on the extraction, purification, identification and validation of bioactive peptides from seaweed

peer-reviewedSeaweed (macroalgae) is considered as a sustainable bioresource rich in high-quality nutrients such as protein. Seaweed protein can be used as an alternative to other protein sources. Furthermore, these proteins are natural reservoirs of bioactive peptides (BAPs) associated with various health benefits such as antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities. However, seaweed derived BAPs remain underexploited due to challenges which arise during protein extraction from algal biomass. Coupled with this, limited proteomic information exists regarding certain seaweed species. This review highlights the current state of the art of seaweed protein extraction techniques, e.g., liquid, ultrasound, microwave, pulsed electric field and high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction. The review also focuses on the enzymatic hydrolysis of seaweed proteins and characterisation of the resultant hydrolysates/peptides using electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques. This includes reference to methods employed for separation, fractionation and purification of seaweed BAPs, as well as the methodologies used for identification, e.g., analysis by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a bioinformatics or in silico approach to aid discovery of seaweed BAPs is discussed herein. Based on the information available to date, it is suggested that further research is required in this area for the development of seaweed BAPs for nutraceutical applications

New galactic star clusters discovered in the VVV survey : Candidates projected on the inner disk and bulge

Context. VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) is one of six ESO Public Surveys using the 4 meter Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA). The VVV survey covers the Milky Way bulge and an adjacent section of the disk, and one of the principal objectives is to search for new star clusters within previously unreachable obscured parts of the Galaxy. Aims. The primary motivation behind this work is to discover and analyze obscured star clusters in the direction of the inner Galactic disk and bulge. Methods. Regions of the inner disk and bulge covered by the VVV survey were visually inspected using composite JHKS color images to select new cluster candidates on the basis of apparent overdensities. DR1, DR2, CASU, and point spread function photometry of 10 × 10 arcmin fields centered on each candidate cluster were used to construct color-magnitude and color-color diagrams. Follow-up spectroscopy of the brightest members of several cluster candidates was obtained in order to clarify their nature. Results. We report the discovery of 58 new infrared cluster candidates. Fundamental parameters such as age, distance, and metallicity were determined for 20 of the most populous clusters.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Pienet ja media : Haminan kaupungin päiväkotihenkilöstön havaintoja ja ajatuksia lasten median käytöstä

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli saada lisää tietoa pienten lasten median käytöstä. Kohderyhmäksi valikoituivat päiväkotien työntekijät ja heidän havaintonsa. Tutkimusasetelma oli kaksiosainen: millaisia havaintoja työntekijät ovat tehneet lasten median käytöstä ja millaisia ajatuksia lasten median käyttö työntekijöissä herättää. Aineisto kerättiin haastattelemalla viittä (5) Haminan kaupungin päivähoidon työntekijää. Haastattelut toteutettiin yksilöhaastatteluina teemahaastattelurungon avulla. Litteroitua aineistoa analysoitiin käyttämällä aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysia. Haastateltavat tai heidän työyksikkönsä eivät virallisesti toteuttaneet mediakasvatusta. Päävastuu mediakasvatuksesta koettiin olevan vanhemmilla ja ammatillisen mediakasvatuksen nähtiin alkavan esiopetuksessa ja jatkuvan peruskoulussa. Haastateltavien havaintojen mukaan lapset ilmaisivat vaihtelevasti käyttämäänsä mediaa leikeissä ja puheissa. Osa esiin tulevista mediasisällöistä koettiin sopimattomaksi päiväkoti-ikäisille. Vanhemmat toivat harvoin esille lasten median käyttöä työntekijöiden kanssa. Osassa yksiköistä median käyttö kuului yhdeksi teemaksi vanhempien kanssa käytäviä keskusteluja, osassa asia otettiin esille tarvittaessa. Haastatelluissa herätti huolta se, miten runsas median käyttö, tietokonepelit tai yksin median kanssa toimiminen vaikuttavat lasten kasvuun. Huoli kohdistui muun muassa kielen kehitykseen, kykyyn keskittyä tai kykyyn luoda sosiaalisia suhteita. Yleinen näkemys oli, että alle 3-vuotiaan ei tarvitsisi olla ollenkaan tekemisissä sähköisen median kanssa.The purpose of this study was to gather information about little children and media. Kindergarten workers were interviewed about their observations about children`s relationship with media and also about their thoughts of the matter. Five (5) kindergarten workers were interviewed to gain data. Interviews were carried out individually. The transcribed data material was analyzed by content analysis. The data shows that neither the interviewees nor their work units did officially practice media education. They regarded parents responsible for media education. The professional media education belonged to preschool and elementary school. The interviewees observed that children occasionally brought ideas or contents from media to their games and topics of speak. Some of those media contents were considered not suitable for children in the kindergarten. However, parents and interviewees rarely talked about media and children unless necessary. Excess media usage, computer games or handling media alone caused concern about child development, including language skills, ability to concentrate or ability to form relationships. Therefore the impression of interviewees was that children under 3 years old should not at all be in contact with electronic media