Pharmaceutical care in the health of Autistic Spectrum disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a series of neurological and behavioural complications that destabilize several characteristics of human development. Some patients require psychopharmacological treatment to control symptoms. When these drugs interfere negatively in quality of life, their use deserves special attention. The objective of this article was to verify the importance of the pharmaceutical professional in the monitoring of autistic children and adolescents in a group of autistics of the North of Minas Gerais Association of Support to the Autistic (ANDA). The pharmacotherapeutic profile was determined, and the incidence of medication-related problems was surveyed. For this, an anthropometric evaluation, blood glucose and cholesterol test and verification of adherence to treatment were performed. It was found that the monitoring of the autistic patient by the clinical pharmacist is of fundamental importance, focused on primary health care. The professional should monitor the appearance of dyslipidaemia and other metabolic disorders in autistic patients, especially those who use atypical antipsychotics and who have food selectivity, or motor dysfunction associated with autism

Phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) of an American cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

The occurrence of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the municipality of Bela Vista, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and the absence of information on its vectors in this area led the authors to undertake captures of phlebotomine sand flies, using Shannon traps and automatic CDC light traps, in domiciles, forested areas and animal shelters from February 2004-January 2006. A total of 808 specimens belonging to 18 sandfly species have been identified: Bichromomyia flaviscutellata,Brumptomyia avellari, Brumptomyia brumpti, Brumptomyia sp, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Evandromyia cortelezzii, Evandromyia evandroi, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia teratodes, Evandromyia termitophila, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia christenseni, Psathyromyia aragaoi, Psathyromyia campograndensis, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Psathyromyia shannoni and Sciopemyia sordellii. The presence of Lu. longipalpis, Ny. whitmani and Bi. flaviscutellata, vectors of Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania braziliensis and L. amazonensis, respectively, has increased.FUNDECT - DECIT Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da Saúd

Synergism and negative interference during co-infection of tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana with two bipartite begomoviruses

In Brazil, at least eight begomoviruses including Tomato rugose mosaic virus (ToRMV) and Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) infect tomatoes. ToYSV symptoms in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana appear earlier and are more severe compared to those of ToRMV. We investigated the role of several factors in this differential adaptation. To analyze infection kinetics, a single leaf was inoculated and subsequently detached after different periods of time. Viral DNA accumulation was quantified in plants, viral replication was analyzed in protoplasts, and tissue tropism was determined by in situ hybridization. Results indicate that ToYSV establishes a systemic infection and reaches a higher concentration earlier than ToRMV in both hosts. ToRMV negatively interferes with ToYSV during the initial stages of infection, but once systemic infection is established this interference ceases. In N. benthamiana, ToYSV invades the mesophyll, while ToRMV is phloem-restricted. During dual infection in this host, ToYSV releases ToRMV from the phloem

ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DE REDES PLC POR MEIO DA APLICAÇÃO DO SERVIÇO VOIP

Atualmente, experiências realizadas em todo o mundo, inclusive no Brasil, já provam a robustez da PowerLine Communication (PLC), apontando que esta tecnologia pode oferecer um largo espectro de aplicações, desde acesso à Internet em banda larga, telefonia, tele-controle, automação residencial, serviços audiovisuais, segurança predial, entre outros, promovendo a integração de diferentes serviços em um único meio físico, sendo um destes a aplicação VoIP. Apesar de está sendo difundida na atualidade, é comprovada a utilização do PLC desde o início do século XX, devido à necessidade das empresas distribuidoras de energia em controlar e monitorar as suas linhas. O presente trabalho visou apresentar uma análise sobre a tecnologia que possibilita transmitir dados e eletricidade em um mesmo meio físico, o PLC.  Portanto, com o intuito de comprovar a qualidade deste método foram apresentados alguns estudos no tocante ao fornecimento de telefonia, através de Voice over IP (VoIP), ratificando a posição da PowerLine Communication como uma alternativa de rede de acesso de telecomunicações

Insecticide action of the extract of Derris amazonica Killip for Cerotoma arcuatus Olivier (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The abundance and insecticidal potential of Derris amazonica in addition to need of controlling Cerotoma arcuatus for bean crop stimulated this research. The objective of this work was to evaluate insecticide action of the extract of D. amazonica to adults of C. arcuatus in laboratory conditions. The bioassays were carried out using three distend methodologies: leaf intake, contact in treated surface (filter paper) and topical application. A completed randomized experimental design was used with four replications. Mortality values and leaf consumption of the insects were subjected to regression analyses, being the Probit analyses used to determine of the i.e., LC50, LT50 and LD50. The extract of D. amazonica containing 3.7% of rotenone was toxic to adults C. arcuatus when exposed to treated leaves (LC50 = 15.14 µl.mL-1), treated surface (LC50 = 0.45 µl.cm-2) and subjected to topical exposure (LD50 = 1.44 µl.g-1). In all bioassays the adults mortality was higher than 80% with lower median lethal times obtained with 5% (v.v-1) concentrations of the extract. Leaf consumption by adults C. arcuatus was inversely proportional to the concentration of the extract when exposed by leaf intake or topical application, also being observed inhibition of feeding individuals. The extract of D. amazonica is toxic to C. arcuatus and inhibits the feeding of insects from the concentration of 1% (v v-1).A abundância e o potencial inseticida de Derris amazonica e a necessidade de controle de Cerotoma arcuatus Olivier (ColeopteraChrysomelidae) na cultura do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) estimularam a realização desta pesquisa, que objetivou avaliar a ação inseticida do extrato de D. amazonica a adultos de C. arcuatus em condições de laboratório. Os bioensaios testaram as vias de intoxicação por ingestão de folhas contaminadas, contato com superfície contaminada e aplicação tópica, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os valores de mortalidade e consumo foliar dos insetos foram submetidos à análise de regressão, sendo utilizada a análise de Probit para determinação das CL50, da DL50 e dos TL50. O extrato de D. amazonica, contendo 3,7% de rotenona, foi tóxico para adultos de C. arcuatus via ingestão de folhas contaminadas (CL50=15,14 µL do extrato.mL-1 de água), superfície contaminada (CL50=0,45 µL do extrato.cm-2) e aplicação tópica (DL50=1,44 µL do extrato.g-1 do inseto). Mortalidades de adultos de C. arcuatus superiores a 80% e os menores tempos letais médios foram obtidos na concentração de 5% (v v-1) do extrato em todos os bioensaios. O consumo foliar de adultos de C. arcuatus foi inversamente proporcional a concentração do extrato quando expostos por via de ingestão foliar ou aplicação tópica, sendo inclusive observada inibição da alimentação dos indivíduos. O extrato de D. amazonica é tóxico para C. arcuatus e inibe a alimentação dos insetos a partir da concentração de 1% (v v-1)

In vivo antitumoural activity and composition of an oil extract of Brazilian propolis

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate in vivo and in vitro the antitumoural activity of a propolis extract obtained with edible vegetable oil and its fractions and also to investigate its chemical composition by LC–MS and LC–MS/MS. To evaluate the toxicological aspects related to the propolis extract treatment, hematological, biochemical, histopathological and morphological analyses of treated animals were performed. All propolis extracts showed an in vivo antitumour activity in the experimental model with a moderate toxicity effect at experimental exposure levels. The oil extract was as effective as the ethanolic extract at inhibiting tumour growth. In vitro assays showed that the whole oil extract produced better inhibition of tumour cells than its fractions. LC–MS and LC–MS/MS identified four phenolic acids and three flavonoids. The anticancer potential of the oil extract of propolis has been demonstrated and the edible vegetable oil was shown as an attractive alternative solvent to extract bioactive natural propolis components

Surto de varicela entre imigrantes venezuelanos alojados em abrigos e ocupações no estado de Roraima, 2019: um estudo descritivo

Objective: To describe the chickenpox outbreak among Venezuelan immigrants in shelters and occupations in the municipalities of Pacaraima and Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, and the control measures implemented. Methods: Descriptive case series study, that happened between november 21 and december 13, 2019, using secondary database from the investigation of the outbreak, made available by the General Coordination of the National Immunization Program. Descriptive analysis was performed, using simple and relative frequency measures, and calculating measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: Of the 9,591 immigrants, 38 active cases and 1,500 susceptible to chickenpox were detected. Among the active cases, 23 were female and the most affected age group those under 9 years old (17 cases). Conclusion: The identification of susceptible people in the investigation led to the adoption of immunization actions that controlled the transmission, preventing serious cases, deaths, and the overload of the local health care network.Objetivo: Descrever o surto de varicela entre imigrantes venezuelanos em abrigos e ocupações nos municípios de Pacaraima e Boa Vista, Roraima, Brasil, e as medidas de controle implementadas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de tipo ‘série de casos’, realizado entre 21 de novembro e 13 de dezembro de 2019, sobre banco de dados secundários da investigação do surto disponibilizado pela Coordenação-Geral do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Na análise descritiva, utilizou-se medidas de frequência simples e relativa e foram calculadas medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Resultados: Dos 9.591 imigrantes, detectaram-se 38 casos ativos e 1.500 suscetíveis à varicela. Dos casos ativos, 23 eram do sexo feminino e a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de menores de 9 anos (17 casos). Conclusão: Identificou-se pessoas suscetíveis à varicela na investigação; foram adotadas ações de imunização que controlaram a transmissão, evitando casos graves, óbitos e sobrecarga da rede de assistência à saúde local