Evaluation of “Feeding Intelligence” in Murrah Water Buffaloes Grazing Three Different Tropical Grasses

Acceptability and palatability are two terms of large utilization that help to understand animal selection for feed. “Feeding intelligence” is a new theory recently introduced to replace those terms mentioned before. According to most recent research works, the feeding intelligence is acquired and remains for a long period of time in the memory of some animals. The present experiment had the purpose of showing its occurence in water buffaloes aiming, at the same time, to better understand their feeding behaviour. Three tropical grasses were tested: Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, Panicum maximum cv Tanzania and Setaria sphacelata var. sericeae cv Kazungula. Twelve animals were sepparated into three groups of four individuals in each group remaining all the time grazing only one species. From time to time and on every month they were allowed into the cafeteria areas where they could select which grass they ate according to their own wish . These data confirmed the expected known pattern of acceptibility and/or palatability. The present paper did not allow to enhance statisticaly the occurence of a “feeding intelligence” in water buffaloes

Theory for expansion work applied to breezes of Northeast of Brazil

Neste artigo investiga-se numericamente a interação entre brisas marítima-terrestre e de vale-montanha, que ocorrem no nordeste brasileiro devido à presença do Planalto da Borborema, aplicando o trabalho de expansão associado ao ramo inferior das circulações. Resultados da teoria da máquina térmica são comparados aos resultados 3D, obtidos com a versão brasileira do modelo RAMS. Os resultados indicaram que o efeito do contraste de temperatura no trabalho ligado às circulações (Wa), isoladamente, contribui para a formação de brisas marítimas mais intensas e de brisas terrestres menos intensas. Na realidade, o que se observa são brisas terrestres com intensidades iguais ou até maiores que das brisas marítimas. Assim, a contribuição da montanha para a intensidade das circulações de brisa no período noturno mostra-se extremamente não-linear. O trabalho de expansão que realmente está ligado às circulações, contribui em apenas 7% para o trabalho total. Dessa forma, a maior parte do trabalho total está associada ao trabalho de compressão que a atmosfera realiza para compensar a perda por resfriamento radiativo, e muito da energia disponibilizada para as circulações é gasta para vencer os processos dissipativos.The purpose of this work is to further understand the interactions between sea-land breeze and valley-mountain breeze that occur at the coast of Northeast Brazil due to the presence of the Borborema plateau, using the associated expansion work at the lower branch of these circulations. Results of the thermal machine theory are compared to the 3D results obtained from the Brazilian RAMS model version. The results indicate that the sole effect of temperature contrast on the work associated with circulations (Wa) is more intense sea breezes and weaker land breezes. Actually, one can observe land breezes whose intensities are equal or even larger than sea breezes. Thus, the mountain contribution for the intensity of the breeze circulations in the nighttime is extremely non-linear. The expansion work that is actually associated with these circulations contributes only with 7% for the total work. Consequently, the larger part of the total work is associated with the compression work performed by the atmosphere in order to compensate long-wave cooling and much of the energy available for the circulations is consumed to overcome dissipation.CNP

Biological Behaviour of Murrah Water Buffaloes

Modest but constant and progressive is the importance that buffaloes are achieving at the scientific’s, producer’s and consumer’s societies. Feeding behaviour is a continuous act in animals. Motivation is a reversible process of the brain induced by external factors. So, consumption tends to be continuous until another stimulus such as satiation becomes dominant. The majority of large domestic animals is fed “ad libitum”. This originates different situations when they are over or underfed. That is the situation that makes the cyrcadian rithm an important tool to be used in order to achieve maximum gains in rangelands. For half a year, 3 groups of 10 animals each (2 males and 8 females) were observed recording their biological behaviour. Data analysis showed that grazing activity occurred from 7 to 10 a.m. and from 5 to 8 p.m. setting the maximum grazing period of six hours per day as long as forage is available. The informations allow to adopt strategies for further feeding studies

Política de publicações da Embrapa Hortaliças na gestão 2004-2008.

bitstream/item/102929/1/doc-127.pd

Disfagia e Disartria. Forma Invulgar de Apresentação da Miastenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder that generally presents with ocular symptoms, specially diplopia and ptosis. Dysphagia may be a manifestation of the generalised type of the disease, but rarely is its presenting feature. The authors describe a case of Myasthenia Gravis in an old patient complaining of dysphagia and dysarthria. Because Myasthenia Gravis is a potentially serious but treatable disease, we emphasize the need to consider it in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia, namely in the elderly. In fact, the disorder is probably underdiagnosed in this population group, because clinicians tend to accept other more frequent diagnosis to explain these symptoms

Avaliação de genótipos de feijão-caupi no Estado da Bahia no biênio 2010/11-2011/12.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar genótipos de feijão-caupi de portes ereto, semiereto e semiprostrado no Estado da Bahia. Foram avaliados 40 genótipos, sendo 20 de portes ereto e semiereto e 20 de porte semiprostrado, em cinco ambientes do estado da Bahia, no biênio 2010/11 e 2011/12. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. As médias dos genótipos foram comparadas, dentro de grupo de porte, pelo teste de Scott-Knott (P<0,05). A cultivar BRS Guariba e a linhagem MNC03-737F-5-1 apresentaram médias de rendimento de grãos semelhantes á testemunha e outros oito genótipos. Os genótipos MNC02-675F-5, MNC03-761F-1, MNC03-736F-2, BRS Xiquexique e Pingo de Ouro 1-2 foram superiores à testemunha em rendimento de grãos.CONAC 2012. Disponível em: http://www.conac2012.org/resumos/pdf/124q.pdf. Acesso em: 19 jul. 2013

A desigualdade pode afetar a eficiência do sistema financeiro? um modelo de equilíbrio em dois períodos com fricções na intermediação financeira

This study presents an equilibrium model that shows a channel through which wealth inequality may affect the financial system development. In the presence frictions, namely, a limit to the proportion of debt in projects financed by banks and a minimum size of projects available in the economy, we show that inequality may negatively affect the volume of resources intermediated by the financial system and, hence, its efficiency, given the assumed gains of scale. Simulations under several parameterizations reveal a non-linear, non-monotonic relation between inequality and financial system efficiency, as measured by the spread between borrowing and lending.Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de equilíbrio que mostra um canal através do qual a desigualdade na distribuição de riqueza pode afetar o desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro. Na presença de fricções, nominalmente: um limite à proporção de dívida nos p6911751sem informaçãosem informaçãoAghion, P., Bolton, P., A theory of trickle-down growth and development (1997) The Review of Economic Studies, 67 (219), pp. 151-172Aghion, P., Howitt, P.W., (1998) Endogenous growth theory, , Cambridge, MA: MIT PressBeck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Levine, R., SMEs, growth, and poverty: Cross-country evidence (2005) Journal of Economic Growth, 10 (3), pp. 199-229Diamond, D.W., Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring (1984) Review of Economic Studies, pp. 393-414Diamond, D.W., Dybvig, P.H., Bank runs, deposit insurance, and liquidity (1983) Journal of Political Economy, 91 (3), pp. 401-419. , JunLi, H., Squire, L., Zou, H.-F., Explaining international and intertemporal variations in income inequality (1998) The Economic Journal, 108 (446), pp. 26-43(2009) Human Development Report 2009, , http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/269/hdr_2009_en_complete.pdf, New York: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Disponível em(2013) Inequality matters: Report of the world social situation 2013, , http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/reports/InequalityMatters.pdf, New York: United Nations / Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Disponível emThis study presents an equilibrium model that shows a channel through which wealth inequality may affect the financial system development. In the presence frictions, namely, a limit to the proportion of debt in projects financed by banks and a minimum si

Personality as a Predictor of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.

As personality changes and personality disorders are frequently observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), personality may be a prognostic factor for this disease. The present study investigated the influence of personality on disability, progression, and treatment adherence in MS. Personality was assessed in 41 patients with Relapsing-Remitting MS (30 females; mean age = 42.63 years) using the NEO Personality Inventory-3rd edition. Disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and treatment adherence information was collected from the Swiss MS Cohort. Correlation, multiple linear and partial least square regressions were performed to examine relations between personality, disability, and treatment adherence in MS. After accounting for age and time since disease onset, our analysis revealed that Neuroticism (β = 0.32, p = 0.01) and its Vulnerability facet (β = 0.28, p &lt; 0.05) predicted greater disability, whereas Extraversion (β = -0.25, p = 0.04) and its Activity facet (β = -0.23, p &lt; 0.05) predicted milder disability. Regarding disability progression, correlational analysis revealed that it was negatively correlated with Extraversion (r = -0.44, p = 0.02) and the Feelings facet of Openness (r = -0.41, p = 0.03), but regressions failed to highlight any predictive links. No significant results could be demonstrated for treatment adherence. Overall, our study showed that some personality traits can impact disability in MS, indicating that these should be considered in clinical practice, as they could be used to adapt and improve patients' clinical support

Influence of summertime mesoscale convective systems on the heat balance and surface mixed layer dynamics of a large Amazonian hydroelectric reservoir

We evaluated the impacts of summertime mesoscale convective systems (MCS) on the heat balance and diel surface mixed layer (SML) dynamics of the Brazilian Amazon's Tucuruí Hydroelectric Reservoir (THR). We used a synergistic approach that combines in situ data, remote sensing data, and three-dimensional (3-D) modeling to investigate the typical behavior of the components of the heat balance and the SML dynamics. During the study period (the austral summer of 2012–2013), 22 days with MCS activity were identified. These events occurred approximately every 4 days, and they were most frequent during January (50% of the observations). An analysis of local meteorological data showed that when MCS occur, the environmental conditions at THR change significantly (p-value < 0.01). The net longwave flux, which was the heat balance component most strongly impacted by MCS, increased more than 32% on days with MCS activity. The daily integrated heat balance became negative (−54 W m−2) on MCS days, while the balance was positive (19 W m−2) on non-MCS days. In response to the changes in the heat balance, the SML dynamics changed when a MCS was over the THR. The SML depth was typically 28% higher on the days with MCS (∼1.6 m) compared with the days without MCS (∼1.3 m). The results indicate that MCS are one of the main meteorological disturbances driving the heat balance and the mixing dynamics of Amazonian hydroelectric reservoirs during the summer. These events may have implications for the water quality and greenhouse gas emissions of Amazonian reservoirs

Efeitos de diferentes densidades de plantio sobre a qualidade de fruto da bananeira "Pacovan".

No Brasil, a bananeira (Musa spp.) vem sendo caracterizada como uma cultura de baixa produtividade, e de elevadas perdas na pré e pós-colheita, porém, é a fruta mais consumida no país. Ocupa o segundo lugar em produção, com cerca de seis milhões de toneladas anuais de frutos. As condições climáticas das regiões Norte e Nordeste, associadas ao solo e manejo adequado da irrigação, podem proporcionar oferta regular de banana (Cordeiro, 2000)