A comparative study of two methods for uncertainty analysis in power system state estimation

This letter presents a comparative study between twomethods for estimating the uncertainty interval in power system state estimation. Constrained nonlinear and linear formulations are proposed to estimate the tightest possible upper and lower bounds on the states. The study compares the performance of these methods in terms of estimating the bounds of the uncertainty interval. In addition,an assessment of time performance for both methods is carried out with varying measurement redundancy levels

Uncertainty modelling in power system state estimation

A method for uncertainty analysis in power system state estimation is proposed. The two-step method uses static weighted least-squares analysis to compute 'point' state estimates. Linear programming is then employed to obtain the upper and lower bounds of the uncertainty interval. It is shown that the method can provide useful additional information for both metered and nonmetered elements of the system. The effects of network parameter errors are also studied. For illustrative purposed, the proposed method is tested using the six-bus and IEEE 30-bus standard systems. Results show that the proposed method is an accurate and reliable tool for estimating the uncertainty bounds in power system state estimation

Analysis and detection of cryptic and complex chromosomal aberrations in acute leukemia

Acute leukemia (AL) is a heterogeneous and aggressive disease, with an incidence of approximately 5 cases per 100.000 individuals and per year. It consists of several subgroups with different specific cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations, clinical presentations and outcomes. Nowadays, molecular (cyto)genetic tools provide substantially to identify previously non-detectable, so-called cryptic chromosomal aberrations in AL. Thus, the overall goals of this thesis were (i) to identify and characterize the rate of cryptic alterations in CN-AL, (ii) to detect submicroscopic structural copy number alterations (CNAs) in AL and (iii) to identify yet unreported clonal acquired chromosomal rearrangements (therefore also 8 complex rearranged AL cases were studied) and align them with clinical outcome, as far as possible. This work included 103 AL cases and they were studies comprehensively using high resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) based-banding technique, locus-specific probes (LSPs), array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), multiplex-ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and analyses of the breakpoints by genomic browsers. DNA sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism array-based comparative genomic hybridization (SNP array-CGH) have been used to detect mutations for a number of target genes that are known to key roles in lymphoid and myeloid development. Cryptic chromosomal aberrations were identified in 34% of cytogenetically normal acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CN-ALL) and in 28% of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) cases respectively. Surprisingly, we detected high rates of CNAs in CN-ALL, whereas AML cases showed lower rates. Besides, we identified three new candidate genes; CDK6 (7q12.2), CDH2 (15q26.2) and DCC (18q21.2) that may play a key role in leukemogensis and progression. In conclusion, the present study highlights, that most likely all CN-AL cases hold cryptic genomic alterations and that complex AL still are a valuable source for detection of yet unrecognized chromosomal aberrations.Die akute Leukämie (AL) ist eine heterogene und aggressive Erkrankung mit einer Inzidenz von etwa 5 Fällen pro 100.000 Individuen und Jahr. Sie besteht aus mehreren Untergruppen mit unterschiedlichen zyto- und molekular-genetischen Aberrationen, klinischen Bildern und Verläufen. Heutzutage bieten moderne, molekular (zyto-)genetische Verfahren die Möglichkeit früher nicht nachweisbare, sog. kryptische Chromosomenaberrationen bei der AL zu identifizieren. Ziele dieser Arbeit waren (i) den Anteil und die Art der vorhandenen kryptischen Veränderungen bei CN-AL Fällen zu bestimmen, (ii) submikroskopische Struktur- bzw. Kopienzahl-Veränderungen (CNAs) in ALs nachzuweisen, und (iii) bislang noch nicht beschriebene, erworbene klonale chromosomale Rearrangements in CN-AL sowie 8-komplexaberranten AL Fällen zu identifizieren und mit dem klinischen Verlauf zu korrelieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 103 AL Fälle umfassend mittels hochauflösender Fluoreszenz in situ Hybridisierungs (FISH)-Bänderungs-Techniken, lokus-spezifischen Sonden, array-basierender vergleichender genomischer Hybridisierung (aCGH), MLPA (multiplex-ligation dependent probe amplification) und durch Bruchpunktanalysen mittels genomischer Browser untersucht. DNA-Sequenzierung und Single Nucleotide Polymorphismus basierte aCGH wurden verwendet, um Mutationen für eine Anzahl von Zielgenen, welche Schlüsselrollen bei der lymphoiden und myeloiden Entwicklung haben weiter zu untersuchen. Kryptische Chromosomenaberrationen wurden in 34% der zytogenetisch unauffälligen akuten lymphatischen Leukämiefälle (CN-ALL) und in 28% der zytogenetisch unauffälligen akuten myeloischen Leukämien (CN-AML) identifiziert. Es fanden sich mehr CNAs in CN-ALL als in CN-AML Fällen. Schließlich wurden 3 neue AL-assoziierte Kandidaten-Gene gefunden: CDK6 (7q12.2), CDH2 (15q26.2) und DCC (18q21.2), die eine wichtige Rolle in der Leukemogenese und Progression spielen könnten. Insgesamt ergab die vorliegende Arbeit, dass wohl alle CN-AL Fälle kryptische genomische Veränderungen tragen, und dass komplexe AL Fälle eine wertvolle Quelle für noch nicht erfasste Chromosomenaberrationen darstellen

The Uniqueness of Sayau Kapa Momorun Dance in Dusun Tindal Ethnic Kota Belud Sabah

The Dusun Tindal ethnic group derives its name from the words ‘Dusun’ which refers to race or origin and ‘Tindal’ meaning land or hills. The Dusun Tindal is often associated with a refined ability to produce high- quality handicraft items such as the traditional kuron pottery. Kuron is an integral part of the Sayau Kapa Momorun, a well- known traditional dance performance in Kampung Malangkap Kapa, Kota Belud. The dance is unique due to its significance in the production of kuron. The Dusun Tindal community has turned the process of kuron- making into a traditional dance complete with its own set of movements, music and costumes. This study is an exploration of the uniqueness of the Sayau Kapa Momorun as a dance representation of the traditional kuron pottery of the Dusun Tindal in Kota Belud. The research utilises the fieldwork methods of observation, interview and audio visual recording

Reflections of Heritage in the Traditional Costumery of The Dusun Tindal of Sabah

The design and accessories of the Dusun Tindal traditional costume reveal an intricate relationship between the materials used and the community’s view of life. The practice of showcasing their traditional costume during festivals and ceremonies reflect the Dusun Tindal community’s commitment towards preserving their culture and heritage. This study explores the culture related to the designs of Dusun Tindal traditional costumes with specific focus on the community residing at the id Nuluhon (hill land area), a village located close to the foothill of Mount Kinabalu. This study, based on field work activities conducted in id Nuluhon, examines the structural design and presentation of the sinuranga (for men) and rinagang (for women) in the Dusun Tindal traditional costumer

A Framework for Certified Self-Stabilization

We propose a general framework to build certified proofs of distributed self-stabilizing algorithms with the proof assistant Coq. We first define in Coq the locally shared memory model with composite atomicity, the most commonly used model in the self-stabilizing area. We then validate our framework by certifying a non trivial part of an existing silent self-stabilizing algorithm which builds a $k$-hop dominating set of the network. We also certified a quantitative property related to the output of this algorithm. Precisely, we show that the computed $k$-hop dominating set contains at most $\lfloor \frac{n-1}{k+1} \rfloor + 1$ nodes, where $n$ is the number of nodes in the network. To obtain these results, we also developed a library which contains general tools related to potential functions and cardinality of sets

Current progress on removal of recalcitrance coloured particles from anaerobically treated effluent using coagulation–flocculation

The palm oil industry is the most important agro industries in Malaysia and most of the mills adopt anaerobic digestion as their primary treatment for palm oil mill effluent (POME). Due to the public concern, decolourisation of anaerobically treated POME (AnPOME) is becoming a great concern. Presence of recalcitrant-coloured particles hinders biological processes and coagulation–flocculation may able to remove these coloured particles. Several types of inorganic and polymers-based coagulant/flocculant aids for coagulation–flocculation of AnPOME have been reviewed. Researchers are currently interested in using natural coagulant and flocculant aids. Modification of the properties of natural coagulant and flocculant aids enhanced coagulation–flocculation performance. Modelling and optimization of the coagulation–flocculation process have also been reviewed. Chemical sludge has the potential for plant growth that can be evaluated through pot trials and phytotoxicity test

Rd9 Is a Naturally Occurring Mouse Model of a Common Form of Retinitis Pigmentosa Caused by Mutations in RPGR-ORF15

Animal models of human disease are an invaluable component of studies aimed at understanding disease pathogenesis and therapeutic possibilities. Mutations in the gene encoding retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) are the most common cause of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) and are estimated to cause 20% of all retinal dystrophy cases. A majority of RPGR mutations are present in ORF15, the purine-rich terminal exon of the predominant splice-variant expressed in retina. Here we describe the genetic and phenotypic characterization of the retinal degeneration 9 (Rd9) strain of mice, a naturally occurring animal model of XLRP. Rd9 mice were found to carry a 32-base-pair duplication within ORF15 that causes a shift in the reading frame that introduces a premature-stop codon. Rpgr ORF15 transcripts, but not protein, were detected in retinas from Rd9/Y male mice that exhibited retinal pathology, including pigment loss and slowly progressing decrease in outer nuclear layer thickness. The levels of rhodopsin and transducin in rod outer segments were also decreased, and M-cone opsin appeared mislocalized within cone photoreceptors. In addition, electroretinogram (ERG) a- and b-wave amplitudes of both Rd9/Y male and Rd9/Rd9 female mice showed moderate gradual reduction that continued to 24 months of age. The presence of multiple retinal features that correlate with findings in individuals with XLRP identifies Rd9 as a valuable model for use in gaining insight into ORF15-associated disease progression and pathogenesis, as well as accelerating the development and testing of therapeutic strategies for this common form of retinal dystrophy