Superficial radiotherapy as haemostatic treatment in breast cancer

Poster Session [EP-1661] Purpose or Objective Breast cancer is a common pathology in which o = 25% in tumor size and absence of bleeding was observed. Conclusion Surface radiotherapy is a treatment modality that should be taken into account in patients with breast cancer who present bleeding as a consequence of local tumor growth, given that this is a treatment comfortable for the patient, non invasive and increases the quality of patient’s life

Recent experimental results in sub- and near-barrier heavy ion fusion reactions

Recent advances obtained in the field of near and sub-barrier heavy-ion fusion reactions are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the results obtained in the last decade, and focus will be mainly on the experimental work performed concerning the influence of transfer channels on fusion cross sections and the hindrance phenomenon far below the barrier. Indeed, early data of sub-barrier fusion taught us that cross sections may strongly depend on the low-energy collective modes of the colliding nuclei, and, possibly, on couplings to transfer channels. The coupled-channels (CC) model has been quite successful in the interpretation of the experimental evidences. Fusion barrier distributions often yield the fingerprint of the relevant coupled channels. Recent results obtained by using radioactive beams are reported. At deep sub-barrier energies, the slope of the excitation function in a semi-logarithmic plot keeps increasing in many cases and standard CC calculations over-predict the cross sections. This was named a hindrance phenomenon, and its physical origin is still a matter of debate. Recent theoretical developments suggest that this effect, at least partially, may be a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle. The hindrance may have far-reaching consequences in astrophysics where fusion of light systems determines stellar evolution during the carbon and oxygen burning stages, and yields important information for exotic reactions that take place in the inner crust of accreting neutron stars.Comment: 40 pages, 63 figures, review paper accepted for EPJ

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

Interindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-w (IFN-w) (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-a (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 of the 101 were men. A B cell autoimmune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity accounts for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Evaluación de la sustentabilidad por medio de indicadores, de una intervención agroecológica en el Subtrópico del Altiplano Central de México. Caracterización, diagnóstico y evaluación inicial. Fase I

Fundamentalmente, las fincas universitarias se destinan a tareas de investigación, docencia y extensión. Además, deben ser ambiental y económicamente sustentables. Estudios recientes han prestado gran interés a la evaluación de su sustentabilidad mediante enfoques sistémicos, ya que representan un importante potencial como herramienta para tomar determinadas decisiones. Se realizó la evaluación de una finca universitaria, ubicada en el Subtrópico del Altiplano Central de México. En la primera fase del estudio se realizó la caracterización, el diagnóstico y la evaluación inicial. Se identificaron y priorizaron los problemas fundamentales para los que se derivaron propuestas de solución, con un enfoque agroecológico. Posteriormente, se seleccionaron y midieron 14 indicadores ambientales, económicos y sociales. Los resultados mostraron valores bajos en la mayoría de los indicadores, debido a la baja integración entre subsistemas y a la ausencia de prácticas de conservación. La metodología utilizada fue útil para ampliar los conocimientos acerca de procesos técnicos y ecosistémicos y plantear alternativas de solución

Step heating thermography supported by machine learning and simulation for internal defect size measurement in additive manufacturing

Fuente: Elsevier[EN] A methodology based on step-heating thermography for predicting the length dimension of small defects in additive manufacturing from temperature data measured on thermal images is proposed. Regression learners were applied with different configurations to predict the length of the defects. These algorithms were trained using large datasets generated with Finite Element Method simulations. The different predictive methods obtained were optimized using Bayesian inference. Using predictive methods generated and based on intrinsic performance results, knowing the material characteristics, the defect length can be predicted from single temperature data in defect and non-defect zone. Thus, the developed algorithms were implemented in a laboratory set-up carried out on ad-hoc manufactured parts of Nylon and polylactic acid which include induced defects with different sizes and thicknesses. Using the trained algorithm, the deviation of the predicted results for the defect size varied between 13% and 37% for PLA and between 13% and 36% for Nylon.This research has been funded by Ministry of Science and Innovation (Government of Spain) through the research project titled Fusion of nondestructive technologies and numerical simulation methods for the inspection and monitoring of joints in new materials and additive manufacturing processes (FaTIMA) with code RTI2018-099850-B-I00

Thermally Coupled Distillation Systems: Study of an Energy-efficient ReactiveCase

Thermally coupled distillation systems (TCSD) have become excellent means to achieve important energy savings and consequently lesser capital investment for multicomponent-mixture separations. Reports, concerning the design, the operation and the control of those systems have recently been published, therefore allowing a practical implementation for the chemical industry. In this contribution the production of the compound ethyl acetate is studied, using three distinct thermally coupled distillation systems to carry out the purported reaction-separation process. Two of the distillation systems are arranged with side columns (stripper or rectifier) and the third one is the Petlyuk column. The thermally coupled system arranged with the side stripper shows some advantages in comparison with the thermally coupled system to which a side rectifier has been considered, because the former reduces the energy demanded by utilizing the traditional process, removing additionally the water produced in the chemical reaction avoiding the known azeotrope condition for this mixture, allowing a higher ethyl acetate compound production. A similar advantageous result has been observed in the case regarding the Petlyuk distillation column. Furthermore, this latter scheme turns out to be more a conveniently proposed system than the TCDS with the arranged side stripper given a lesser demanded energy