Transmission Channels of Remittance to Tradable and Non-Tradable Sectors in Nigeria

This study investigated transmission channels of remittances to tradable and non-tradable sectors in Nigeria using annual data ranging from 1981 to 2013. The study relied on VECM technique, with focus on variance decomposition. The basic findings were that the channels of remittance impact on tradable and non-tradable sectors in Nigeria is through demand or consumption and labour supply channels. While there was ample evidence to reject Dutch disease, phenomenon relating remittances to exchange rate, there should be conscious effort to encourage investing remittance spending rather than spending the remittances on consumption as noticed in the case of Nigeria. Keywords: Dutch disease, Remittances and Exchange rate JEL Classification: F40, F41, O1

Comparative Performance of Mechanically Induced Compaction on Maize Growth for Two Soils of Nigeria

Experimental trials were conducted on two soils (loam and clay (iwo series)) to study the effect of mechanically induced compaction on the growth of maize in a greenhouse. The compaction levels were at five levels: 1.2gcm-3, 1.3gcm-3, 1.4gcm-3, 1.6gcm-3 and 1.8gcm-3. 30 compressed buckets were arranged in three rows in a completely randomized block design and a bucket for each soil as control. Plant parameters such as percentage emergence, plant height, leaf number, stem girth, root weight and cone penetration were measured. The results showed a significant difference in crop emergence, leaf number, plant height, stem girth, root weight and come penetration for the two soils at different compaction levels. Crop yield decreased over 50% in performance as compaction increased. The maximum average plant height of 108.93cm and 74.33cm were observed for both loam and clay soil respectively at 1.2gcm-3 and 1.6gcm-3. Keywords: Comparative Performance, Maize Growth, Mechanically Induced Compaction, Soils of Nigeri

Comparative Assessment of Two Methods in the Production of Fermented Cassava Flour (Láfún) on Manual Energy Expended, Retting Time and the Product Quality

In this study, two methods (pre peeled and post pealed) of processing fermented cassava flour “Lafun” are compared on the bases of production cost (time and manual energy), and product quality. To establish the bases, some anthropometry parameters of the processor were measured, alongside with workstation parameters, which includes environmental factors. An experiment was set up and carried out using 66kg of cassava tubers; 33kg each for respective methods, black plastic drums of equal volumes (50liters) containing 30liters of water in each.  The results showed that pre peeled method has longer production time, which is associated with retting period (12 days), while post peeled took only 5 days to ret. Also, manual energy expended on dissimilar operations showed that more energy is consumed in pre peeled method of production compared to post peeled methods. The quality test of the fermented flour showed that, the pre peeled method gives better nutritional values, while the post peeled method presented high level of microorganisms when compared. It is concluded on the fact that, the end products seem to counterbalance the processing methods. Keywords: Comparative Assessment, Fermented Cassava Flour (Láfún), Manual Energy Expended, Production Methods, Product Quality, Retting Tim

Performance Evaluation of A Developed Dewatered Cassava Mash Sifter

A cassava pulp sifter for grated and dewatered cassava was developed and evaluated. The machine was evaluated at three operating speeds of 260rpm, 350rpm and 530rpm and masses of 1kg, 2kg and 3kg.  It was observed that increase in the speed of operation increased both sieving capacity and sieving efficiency of the machine. Increase in mass, increased sieving capacity and decreased sieving efficiency. The average maximum sifting efficiency and capacity were 95.32% and 613.16kg/hr respectively. All the materials used for the fabrication were obtained locally and the machine has low labour requirements which can be adopted in gari processing industries. Keywords: Cassava, Dewatered, Mash, Performance Evaluation, Shifter DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/99-04 Publication date:July 31st 202

Making Nurses and Nursing Care Visible in Nigeria. A Review of Standardized Nursing Care Plan from the Nurse Len

A standardized nursing care plan (SNCP) is a published universal action plan that specifies nursing care, and it has evolved into the standard in nursing practice for the betterment of healthcare globally. However, this nursing care plan’s use can vary depending on the institutions thus limiting the use among developing hospitals in developing countries such as Nigeria. The scoping review sought to analyze, consolidate, and summarize data from the body of research on the use of standardized nursing care plans by Nigerian nurses. Searching for and combining research published between 2015 and 2019 involved using a scoping review technique based on Arksey and O’Malley. Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLARS Online, also known as the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, were among the databases that were searched. The number of items that might be included was 38. Standardized nursing languages in the form of NANDA-I were the mostly utilized nursing languages in many hospitals in the country, meanwhile, activities in nursing intervention classification were used by a few. However, nursing outcome classification was stated as nursing evaluation in many hospitals. Also, three categories of identified factors to SNCPs use were I. not having the right format of SNCP on the wards. II. Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria not mandating its use. III. Hospitals not having a policy for the nurses to mandate its use. Addressing the core barriers and making the right format of SNCP available will promote its use in all hospitals in the country. The authors recommend that the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria should mandate its full adoption in documenting patient care in the hospitals

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

The Dutch disease effects of remittances in Nigeria

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2018.ENGLISH SUMMARY : Remittances have been a major source of economic support for dependants of migrant workers in their home countries. Nigeria receives the largest amount of remittances in Africa and the third among developing economies; receiving 21 Billion US Dollars in 2015. Large remittance inflows could, however, hurt the recipient economy when the flows are significant relative to the size of the recipient economy. With increasing remittance inflows relative to other capital inflows into Nigeria, remittances could have undesired outcomes, with the possibility of exchange-rate appreciation and a loss of competitiveness in the tradable sector. Using the Error Correction Model (ECM) and data over the period 1980 to 2016, this study explored the empirical evidence to examine the Dutch disease effects of remittance in Nigeria. The study investigated the effects and transmission channels of remittances to tradable and non-tradable sectors of the Nigerian economy. The study also empirically investigated the effect of remittance inflows on the competitiveness of agricultural and manufacturing sectors in Nigeria employing the Johansen cointegration test. Our findings suggest that remittance inflows have a negative effect on the real exchange rate in the long run and the effect was found to be the same with other capital flows such as foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment. The implication of this result is that an increase in remittance inflows lead to an appreciation of the domestic currency, the naira. The opposite effect was found for foreign aid: an increase in foreign aid causes the real exchange rate to increase and hence contributes to the depreciation of the domestic currency. The study further suggests that remittances have a positive effect on non-tradable sector. As found in the study, remittance inflows lead to an increase in the service sector contribution to total GDP. Similarly, remittances have positive effects on both industrial output and agricultural output even when the exchange rate appreciates. Our results showed that remittances exert higher magnitude of impact on the manufacturing sector competitiveness than the agricultural sector. Policy recommendations were made to channel remittance inflows to investment in agriculture and manufacturing rather than household consumption expenditure.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Geen opsomming beskikbaar

A case report of emphysematous cholecystitis associated with pneumobilia in a diabetic patient

Background: Emphysematous cholecystitis is an uncommon variant of acute cholecystitis that could be life threatening if not promptly diagnosed and managed.Case report: We report a 65 year old male diabetic who wasadmitted through the surgical emergency unit of Trauma and Surgical Centre, Ondo City on account of eleven day history of right sided upper abdominal pain and vomiting. Investigation showed elevated randomblood glucose of 24mmol/l, glycated hemoglobin of 9.5%, hematocrit of 20% and white blood count of 6,700 cells/mm3. Abdominal computerized tomography scan showed air in the wall and lumen of gallbladder and common bile duct thereby confirming a diagnosis of emphysematous cholecystitis associated with pneumobilia.He was transfused andtreated with intravenous antibiotics and insulin. Hethereafter had an emergency open cholecystectomy without any postoperative complication.Conclusion: This case highlights an unusual presentation of this rare condition and the need for high index of suspicion in order to prevent associated morbidity and mortality.Keywords: Emphysematous, Cholecystitis, Diabetes mellitu