Impact of information technology on future floras

Some important facilities offered by the information technology to innovate the development of traditional floras are illustrated and discussed. These include: random access interactive tools for the identification of species, low cost, easy updating, virtually unlimited space for high resolution images and texts, on-line utilities, strong synergy between authors and users. It is argued that the combination of printed books with integrated digital utilities and data-sources is the most desirable structure for future floras

“Flora Italiana Digitale”: an interactive identification tool for the Flora of Italy

The digital facilities of the second edition of Pignatti’s “Flora d’Italia” are presented. A software, called FID (i.e. “Flora Italiana Digitale”) will link together a random-access interactive identification tool, a thesaurus, synoptic tables and one template for each single species, including a distribution map (referred to the Italian regions), “ecograms”, a text-box and up to 24 highresolution colour images. The FID follows a “shareware phylosophy”. All contents and images can be integrated and/or replaced over time, in order to continuously improve the diagnostic and qualitative performance of the provided utilities. Ideally, the community of users should interact on the web, so that every user could easily become content provider

Intrusione selettiva di un molare mediante un sistema costituito da un doppio cantilever

Scopo del lavoro. Gli autori descrivono la tecnica adottata per l\u2019intrusione selettiva di un singolo molare dell\u2019arcata superiore in un paziente adulto. Materiale e metodi. Vengono presentate le caratteristiche tecniche e biomeccaniche del sistema utilizzato costituito da due cantilever: ognuno di loro fornisce una forza intrusiva ai lati del dente; la risultante di queste due forze equivale a una forza intrusiva applicata al centro di resistenza del dente. Il cantilever vestibolare \ue8 modellato in beta titanio (TMA), una lega che presenta una curva carico/deflessione molto favorevole e restituisce una forza costante e leggera per ampie deformazioni del filo. Quello palatale \ue8 costituito da una barra palatale preformata, inserita nel lingual sheath da un solo lato e modellata con un occhiello sul lato opposto: viene attivato legando il dente da intrudere all\u2019occhiello della barra. Conclusioni. I pazienti adulti sono spesso parzialmente edentuli: questo comporta da un lato la necessit\ue0 di reintrudere elementi dentari sovraerotti per mancanza dell\u2019antagonista, dall\u2019altro problemi nel reperire il necessario ancoraggio. E\u2019 opinione degli autori che il metodo descritto posa essere considerato un valido strumento per ottenere l\u2019intrusione di un elemento singolo in modo predicibile e alquanto semplice.Aim of the study. The Authors describe a technique for selective intrusion of a singular upper molar in an adult patient. Materials and methods. The technical and biomechanical characteristics of the system are presented: two cantilevers exert an intrusive force tooth sides and their resultant in equal to an intrusive force applied on the tooth center od resistance. The vestibular cantilever in made of beta.titanium (TMA), an alloy presenting a good load/deflection curve and it returns a constant and light force wide wire deformations. The palatal cantilever is made of a preformed transpalatal arch fitted in the lingual sheath on one side and shaped with an eyelet on the other side: it\u2019s activated by typing up the tooth to be intruded to the transpalatal arch eyelet. Conclusions. Adult patients are often partially edentulous: this involves, on the one hand intrusion of over erupted teeth for antagonist lack, on the other problems to find the anchorage required. The method describe has proven to permit the intrusion of a single tooth in a predictable and simple way

DNA Three Way Junction Core Decorated with Amino Acids-Like Residues-Synthesis and Characterization

Construction and physico-chemical behavior of DNA three way junction (3WJ) functionalized by protein-like residues (imidazole, alcohol and carboxylic acid) at unpaired positions at the core is described. One 5′-C(S)-propargyl-thymidine nucleotide was specifically incorporated on each strand to react through a post synthetic CuACC reaction with either protected imidazolyl-, hydroxyl- or carboxyl-azide. Structural impacts of 5′-C(S)-functionalization were investigated to evaluate how 3WJ flexibility/stability is affected

Nucleotides & oligonucleotides synthesis and caracterisation for the obtention of structures ables to mimics the enzymatic activity of serine proteases

Ce projet porte sur la synthèse d'oligonucléotides modifiés décorés par des groupements chimiques rappelant les chaines latérales des acides aminés impliqués dans la catalyse enzymatique des protéases à sérine, à savoir l'acide aspartique (Asp), la sérine (Ser) et l'histidine (His) afin d'en mimer l'activité protéolytique. L'approche synthétique de type phosphoramidite a été mise en oeuvre. De ce fait nous avons synthétisé des phosphoramidites fonctionnalisés avec une fonction acide carboxylique rappelant l'Asp, une fonction hydroxyle pour la Ser ou un imidazole pour l'His, correctement protégés pour être ensuite incorporés au sein de séquences oligonucléotidiques, et des phosphoramidites convertibles, qui portent une fonction chimique réactive permettant une conjugaison post synthèse supportée et automatisée de l'oligonucléotide. Ces deux types de phosphoramidites offrent la possibilité de les combiner et donc d'obtenir des séquences hautement fonctionnalisées. Les séquences oligonucléotidiques ont été choisies afin d'apporter un contrôle topologique structurant. Les structures secondaires envisagées sont de type bulge, épingle à cheveux et jonction trois voies car stables grâce aux appariements Watson et Crick entre les bases tout en ayant une flexibilité importante due à la présence de bases non appariées. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit décrivent la synthèse des phosphoramidites modifiés ainsi que l'incorporation du nucléotide convertible de type alcyne au sein de séquences qui ont été conjuguées par CuAAC, et qui ont permi d'obtenir une jonction trois voies qui a été caractérisée par dichroïsme circulaire, gel de polyacrylamide et par dénaturation thermique.We are interested in the synthesis of modified oligonucleotides decorated by chemical fonctions mimicking the amino acids side chains involved in enzymatic catalysis of serine proteases, acid aspartic (Asp), serine (Ser) and histidine (His), in order to mimic proteolytic activity. The phosphoramidite synthetic approach was choosen. We synthesised functionnalized phosphoramidites bearing either a carboxylic acid function reminding Asp, a hydroxyle function for Ser or an imidazole for His properly protected for their incorporation in oligonucleotides sequences, and convertible phosphoramidites, bearing a reactive function that permits a conjugation post automated oligonucleotides solid phase synthesis. Oligonucleotides sequences have been choosen in order to have a perfect structural control. The envisaged secondary structures are bulge, hairpin and three way junction because of their stability, thanks to Watson et Crick base pairing, and their flexibility thanks to the unpaired bases. The work presented here regards the synthesis of modified phosphoramidites and their incorporation of the convertible alkyne in sequences then conjugated by CuAAC reaction to form a three way junction whose stability and physico-chemical behavior have been evaluated

Synthèse et caractérisation de nucléotides et oligonucléotides modifiés pour l'obtention de structures capables de mimer l'activité enzymatique des protéases à sérine

We are interested in the synthesis of modified oligonucleotides decorated by chemical fonctions mimicking the amino acids side chains involved in enzymatic catalysis of serine proteases, acid aspartic (Asp), serine (Ser) and histidine (His), in order to mimic proteolytic activity. The phosphoramidite synthetic approach was choosen. We synthesised functionnalized phosphoramidites bearing either a carboxylic acid function reminding Asp, a hydroxyle function for Ser or an imidazole for His properly protected for their incorporation in oligonucleotides sequences, and convertible phosphoramidites, bearing a reactive function that permits a conjugation post automated oligonucleotides solid phase synthesis. Oligonucleotides sequences have been choosen in order to have a perfect structural control. The envisaged secondary structures are bulge, hairpin and three way junction because of their stability, thanks to Watson et Crick base pairing, and their flexibility thanks to the unpaired bases. The work presented here regards the synthesis of modified phosphoramidites and their incorporation of the convertible alkyne in sequences then conjugated by CuAAC reaction to form a three way junction whose stability and physico-chemical behavior have been evaluated.Ce projet porte sur la synthèse d'oligonucléotides modifiés décorés par des groupements chimiques rappelant les chaines latérales des acides aminés impliqués dans la catalyse enzymatique des protéases à sérine, à savoir l'acide aspartique (Asp), la sérine (Ser) et l'histidine (His) afin d'en mimer l'activité protéolytique. L'approche synthétique de type phosphoramidite a été mise en oeuvre. De ce fait nous avons synthétisé des phosphoramidites fonctionnalisés avec une fonction acide carboxylique rappelant l'Asp, une fonction hydroxyle pour la Ser ou un imidazole pour l'His, correctement protégés pour être ensuite incorporés au sein de séquences oligonucléotidiques, et des phosphoramidites convertibles, qui portent une fonction chimique réactive permettant une conjugaison post synthèse supportée et automatisée de l'oligonucléotide. Ces deux types de phosphoramidites offrent la possibilité de les combiner et donc d'obtenir des séquences hautement fonctionnalisées. Les séquences oligonucléotidiques ont été choisies afin d'apporter un contrôle topologique structurant. Les structures secondaires envisagées sont de type bulge, épingle à cheveux et jonction trois voies car stables grâce aux appariements Watson et Crick entre les bases tout en ayant une flexibilité importante due à la présence de bases non appariées. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit décrivent la synthèse des phosphoramidites modifiés ainsi que l'incorporation du nucléotide convertible de type alcyne au sein de séquences qui ont été conjuguées par CuAAC, et qui ont permi d'obtenir une jonction trois voies qui a été caractérisée par dichroïsme circulaire, gel de polyacrylamide et par dénaturation thermique

Sui calzoni di taglio S. Francisco e gli abiti di S. Francisco nelle didascalie di un libretto pucciniano

«’Frisco trousers» and «’Frisco clothing» in the play by David Belasco. In the absence of evidence in Italian or English, the two expressions are interpreted in the light of historical and economic data relating to the textile industries of theCalifornian city, which allow us to state that they refer to different items of men’s clothing

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