Financial Inclusion in the Light of Islamic Economics

This study aims to clarify the role of financial inclusion in the Islamic economy, that is given its importance in achieving social justice through cooperation, solidarity and charity among society members. The role of financial inclusion has emerged in its ability to treat poverty and achieve adequacy of the poor and marginalized youth and women, that is through providing the necessary financing for them, through two directions, one of which is participation and risk-sharing contracts, and the other is social spending. In addition, participation and risk-sharing contracts were able to provide microfinance for the poor to set up their own projects, or to provide work for those who are able to do it. So, whoever owns in-kind capital can provide assistance to other members of society and include them financially. So, the social spending, it has another role in including the poor and financially marginalized people, by providing in-kind / cash assistance to them. Social spending is divided into two parts, some of it is based on a person giving up part of his money in order to achieve prosperity for himself in this world and the hereafter, and to achieve the interests of the needy including poor families and relatives, and meet their needs by spending on them. The other is based on meeting the need of the poor in society from the money of the rich by various means, such as Endowment, Good Loan and Zaka

The Rule of The Al-Tabee Tabee and Its Application in the Islamic Insurance Companies

The study aimed to identify the general meaning of the rule: “the follower is follower”, evidence of its legality, show the applications of the rule “the follower is follower in Islamic insurance contracts and mention the applications of the rule: “ the follower is follower in the reinsurance contracts. In order to achieve this objective, the study adopted the inductive and deductive method where the applications of the rule were inducted: the follower is follower and its minor rules in Islamic insurance companies and deduct the relation between those applications and the rule “ the follower is follower through showing the effect of those rules in which leads to show its legal judgment. The study included three topics; the first topic dealt with a general definition of the rule “the follower is follower and evidence of its legality, the second topic dealt with the applications of the rule “the follower is follower in Islamic insurance contracts and the third topic dealt with the applications of the rule “the follower is a follower in reinsurance contracts. The study concluded that the jurisprudence rule is an origin included several issues and partials of different chapters of jurisprudence and its branches. The general meaning of the rule “the follower is follower lies in what else is dependent to others in the existence has a dependent by the rule; thus, what applies to the follower applies to the followed by the rule; so, what follows others in existence follows it by rule. In addition, the insurance contract by itself is considered to be of the dependence ones which considered as an application to the rules of dependence. The Insurance surplus is considered in the Islamic insurance companies as dependence not intended originality where the solidarity insurance is based on donation contract. Subsequently, the subscriber donates with the subscription at the beginning but the intention is not the occurrence of insurance surplus, and if the surplus occurred, its ruling is the rule of its origin which is applied in term of the property as it is not intended to be originality but dependence

Evaluation of genipin-crosslinked chitosan hydrogels as a potential carrier for silver sulfadiazine nanocrystals

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.016In the present study genipin crosslinked chitosan (CHI) hydrogels, which had been constructed and reported in our previous studies (Lei Gao, et al. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2014, 117: 398), were further evaluated for their advantage as a carrier for silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) nanocrystal systems. Firstly, AgSD nanocrystals with a mean particle size of 289 nm were prepared by wet milling method and encapsulated into genipin crosslinked CHI hydrogels. AgSD nanocrystals displayed a uniform distribution and very good physical stability in the hydrogel network. Swelling-dependent release pattern was found for AgSD nanocrystals from hydrogels and the release profile could be well fitted with Peppas equation. When AgSD nanocrystals were encapsulated in hydrogels their fibroblast cytotoxicity decreased markedly, and their antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were still comparable to unencapsulated AgSD nanocrystals. In vivo evaluation in excision and burn cutaneous wound models in mice showed that AgSD nanocrystal hydrogels markedly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6, but increased the levels of growth factors VEGF-A and TGF-β1. Histopathologically, the wounds treated by hydrogels containing AgSD nanocrystals showed the best healing state compared with commercial AgSD cream, hydrogels containing AgSD bulk powders and blank hydrogels. The wounds treated by AgSD nanocrystal hydrogels were dominated by marked fibroblast proliferation, new blood vessels and thick regenerated epithelial layer. Sirius Red staining assay indicated that AgSD nanocrystal hydrogels resulted in more collagen deposition characterized by a large proportion of type I fibers. Our study suggested that genipin-crosslinked CHI hydrogel was a potential carrier for local antibacterial nanomedicines

Ecophysiology of Limonium axillare and Avicennia marina from the coastline of Arabian Gulf-Qatar

Attention is being focused on the coastline from Doha to Ras Laffan in Qatar since higher activities in the development of land and establishment of roads, highways and new buildings and houses is not coupled by serious studies on habitat destruction, fragmentation or disturbances. Ecophysiological study was carried out to investigate the adaptation of two halophytes (Limonium axillare and Avicennia marina) in this area, with special emphasis on the ultrastructure of salt glands found in the leaves. Soils in these locations accumulated much Na+ and Cl- as compared to other cations like K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Both plants accumulated higher concentrations of Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+ and lower concentrations of K+ and Mg2+. Organic compounds found in leaves of these plants under their natural habitats including proline, soluble sugars and nitrogen, and photosynthetic pigments were determined. Scanning electron micrographs of the surface of leaves showed that salt glands of these plants are well developed. It is urgently required that exact vegetation maps, and monitoring exercises will be conducted, in order to document exactly the state of the vegetation in Qatar. Only this will allow the environment authorities to bring forward suggestions for vegetation and ecosystem management to the decision makers

الإمام عبد الله بن وهب المصري ومروياته في صحيح مسلم (ت 197هـ) - دراسة نقدية- Al Imam Abdullah Bin Wahab and His Narrations in Saheeh Muslim A Critical Study

This study examined one of the Saheeh Muslim narrators, that is Al Imam Abdullah Bin Wahab. This examination was carried out in two aspects, the first focused on investigating Hadith critics\u27 opinions in Abdullah Bin Wahab as one of the abundant narrators imposed to several critics by clarifying the arguments against him and correct them. The second aspect of this study considered Abdullah Bin Wahab\u27s narrations in Saheeh Muslim, counting his narrations in this book, how they were edited by Imam Muslim, his management of the critics for Ibn Wahab. The study concluded with several results including the fact that Imam Muslim dealt with these critics thoroughly and carefully which mirror his consideration to the selection of Hadith as he only edited the trustworthy Hadith narrated by Ibn Wahab or his quotation from trustworthy narrators