12 research outputs found
AVALIAĂĂO GENĂTICA DA PELAGEM DE CĂES DA RAĂA DĂLMATA
The Dalmatian breed is one of the most popular breeds, and, according to its racial pattern, should have a white coat color with black spots or liver. Several loci are involved in determining the coat color of dogs. In the Dalmatian, the major are the locus B and the locus E, because these locus have influence on each other, causing a genetic interaction called epistasis, where the effect of one gene modifies the effect of another, altering the phenotype of the animal. With the advancement of cynophilia, genetic improvement in dogs has become more important, making knowledge of these genes a necessary tool for breeders. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the importance of the genetic test for gene E, and its aid in the planning of mating in dalmatians kennels. For this, a litter born in Fortaleza was used, in which genetic tests were performed for the E gene of the black-spotted and two randomly selected puppies, one black and one lemon. The test was performed using the PCR technique, and as a result it was seen that the parent is heterozygous (Ee). In relation to the offspring, the dominant homozygous (EE) was created for the offspring and the recessive homozygote (ee) for the offspring. In this breed epistasis occurred, causing it to present orange spots. Thus, it can be concluded that the genotype can not be defined only by the phenotype, making the genetic test an important tool for the selection of stud holders.A raça DĂĄlmata Ă© uma das raças mais populares, e, de acordo com seu padrĂŁo racial, deve apresentar cor de pelagem branca, com pintas pretas ou fĂgado. VĂĄrios loci estĂŁo envolvidos na determinação da cor da pelagem dos cĂŁes. No DĂĄlmata, os principais sĂŁo o locus B e o locus E, pois esses lĂłcus tĂȘm influĂȘncia um sobre o outro, causando uma interação gĂȘnica chamada epistasia, onde o efeito de um gene modifica o efeito de outro, alterando o fenĂłtipo do animal. Com o avanço da cinofilia, o melhoramento genĂ©tico em cĂŁes se tornou mais importante, tornando o conhecimento desses genes uma ferramenta necessĂĄria para os criadores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar a importĂąncia do teste genĂ©tico para o gene E, e seu auxĂlio no planejamento de acasalamento nos canis de DĂĄlmatas. Para isso, foi usada uma ninhada nascida em Fortaleza, na qual foram realizados testes genĂ©ticos para o gene E do padreador de pintas pretas e de dois filhotes escolhidos aleatoriamente, um preto e um limĂŁo. O teste foi realizado atravĂ©s da tĂ©cnica de PCR, e como resultado foi visto que o pai Ă© heterozigoto (Ee). JĂĄ em relação as crias, foi confirmado o homozigoto dominante (EE) para a cria dentro do padrĂŁo e o homozigoto recessivo (ee) para a cria limĂŁo. Nesta cria ocorreu a epistasia, fazendo com que apresentasse pintas alaranjadas. Assim, conclui-se que nĂŁo se pode definir o genĂłtipo apenas pelo fenĂłtipo, tornando o teste genĂ©tico uma importante ferramenta para escolha dos padreadores
Effects of the Lectin from the Red Marine Alga Solieria filiformis (KĂtzing) P.W. Gabrielson in Nociception and Inflammation in Animals
As algas marinhas sĂo fontes de compostos bioativos, os quais vĂm despertando interesse em aplicaĂĂes farmacolĂgicas. Dentre esses, destacam-se as lectinas, que sĂo (glico)proteĂnas que se ligam a mono ou oligossacarĂdeos especĂficos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi isolar a lectina da alga marinha vermelha Solieria filiformis (LSf), investigar as suas propriedades na nocicepĂĂo e na inflamaĂĂo aguda e seus possĂveis sinais de toxicidade em animais. Inicialmente, a LSf foi purificada por extraĂĂo com tampĂo Tris-HCl 25mM, pH 7,5, precipitaĂĂo com sulfato de amĂnio (70%) e cromatografias em colunas de DEAE-celulose e Sephadex G-100. Na avaliaĂĂo das atividades biolĂgicas, grupos de animais (n=6) foram submetidos ao prĂ-tratamento com a LSf (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg; i.v.), 30 min antes do estĂmulo nociceptivo ou inflamatĂrio. A atividade antinociceptiva foi avaliada em camundongos Swiss machos atravĂs dos ensaios de contorĂĂes abdominais induzidas por Ăcido acĂtico 0,8%, teste da formalina a 2% e da placa quente. Morfina e indometacina (5 mg/kg; s.c.) foram utilizadas como controles. A atividade anti-inflamatĂria em ratos Wistar machos foi avaliada atravĂs dos ensaios de peritonite induzida por carragenana - Cg (700 Ăg/cav) e de edema de pata induzidos por Cg (700 Ăg/pata); dextrano (500 Ăg/pata); ou pela prĂpria LSf (9 mg/kg). Dexametasona (1 mg/kg; s.c.) foi utilizada como controle. A aĂĂo edematogĂnica da LSf (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg) foi avaliada atravĂs da sua aplicaĂĂo na pata de ratos e da modulaĂĂo farmacolĂgica do edema formado. O estudo da toxicidade da LSf (9 mg/kg;i.v.) foi realizado atravĂs da sua aplicaĂĂo em camundogos (7 dias) e da anĂlise dos parĂmetros fĂsicos, bioquĂmicos e histolĂgicos. A LSf reduziu significativamente o nĂmero de contorĂĂes abdominais e o tempo de lambedura da pata na segunda fase do teste da formalina, porĂm nĂo prolongou o tempo de reaĂĂo na placa quente. A LSf tambĂm inibiu a migraĂĂo celular na peritonite induzida por Cg e os edemas de pata induzidos por Cg, dextrano e LSf. Ademais, LSf apresentou atividade edematogĂnica, que foi inibida por indometacina e dexametasona. Adicionalmente, a administraĂĂo da LSf por 7 dias nĂo apresentou sinais de danos sistĂmicos, exceto pela reduĂĂo no nĂvel de fosfatase alcalina e esplenomegalia. Concluindo, a LSf possui propriedades antinociceptiva, anti-inflamatĂria (i.v.) e edematogĂnica (i.pl.), podendo representar um potencial agente terapĂutico e uma possĂvel ferramenta para o estudo da inflamaĂĂo.The seaweeds are a source of bioactive compounds, which gained importance in pharmacological applications. Among these, there are the lectins, which are (glyco)proteins that bind to specific mono or oligosaccharides. The aim of this study was to isolate the lectin from the red seaweed Solieria filifmoris (LSf), investigate its properties in acute nociception and inflammation, and their possible signs of toxicity in animals. Initially, the LSf was purified by extraction with Tris-HCl buffer 25 mM (pH 7,5), precipitation with ammonium sulfate (70%) and chromatographies in DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. In the evaluation of the biological activities, animals groups (n=6) were submitted to pretreatment with LSf (1, 3 or 9 mg/kg; i.v.), 30 min before of the nociceptive or inflammatory stimulus. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated in male mice Swiss using the abdominal writhing test induced by acetic acid 0,8%, the formalin test to 2% and the hot plate test. Morphine and indomethacin (5 mg/kg; s.c.) were used as controls. The anti-inflamatory activity in male rats Wistar was assayed through of the peritonitis induced by carrageenan - Cg (700 Ăg/cav) and of the paw edemas Cg- (700 Ăg/paw), dextran- (500 Ăg/paw) or LSf-induced (9 mg/kg) models. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg; s.c.) was used as control. The LSf edematogenic action (1, 3 or 9 mg/kg) was evaluated by the application of this lectin in the rat paws and by the pharmacological modulation of the edema formed. The toxicity study of LSf (9 mg/kg; i.v.) was carried out through of its application in mice (7 days) and of the analysis of the physical, biochemical and histological parameters. LSf significantly reduced the number of abdominal writhing and the paw licking time in the second phase of formalin test, but didnĂąt prolong the reaction time in hot plate test. The LSf also inhibited the cell migration in peritonitis induced by Cg and the paw edemas induced by Cg, dextran and LSf. Moreover, LSf showed edematogenic activity, which was inhibited by indomethacin and dexamethasone. Additionally, the LSf administration for 7 days presented no signs of systemic damages, except for the reduced level of alkaline phosphatase and splenomegaly. Concluding, the LSf has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory (i.v.) and edematogenic (i.pl.) properties and could represent a potential therapeutic agent and a possible tool for the inflammation study
Effects of the Lectin from the Red Marine Alga Solieria filiformis (KĂtzing) P.W. Gabrielson in Nociception and Inflammation in Animals
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂgicoAs algas marinhas sĂo fontes de compostos bioativos, os quais vĂm despertando interesse em aplicaĂĂes farmacolĂgicas. Dentre esses, destacam-se as lectinas, que sĂo (glico)proteĂnas que se ligam a mono ou oligossacarĂdeos especĂficos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi isolar a lectina da alga marinha vermelha Solieria filiformis (LSf), investigar as suas propriedades na nocicepĂĂo e na inflamaĂĂo aguda e seus possĂveis sinais de toxicidade em animais. Inicialmente, a LSf foi purificada por extraĂĂo com tampĂo Tris-HCl 25mM, pH 7,5, precipitaĂĂo com sulfato de amĂnio (70%) e cromatografias em colunas de DEAE-celulose e Sephadex G-100. Na avaliaĂĂo das atividades biolĂgicas, grupos de animais (n=6) foram submetidos ao prĂ-tratamento com a LSf (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg; i.v.), 30 min antes do estĂmulo nociceptivo ou inflamatĂrio. A atividade antinociceptiva foi avaliada em camundongos Swiss machos atravĂs dos ensaios de contorĂĂes abdominais induzidas por Ăcido acĂtico 0,8%, teste da formalina a 2% e da placa quente. Morfina e indometacina (5 mg/kg; s.c.) foram utilizadas como controles. A atividade anti-inflamatĂria em ratos Wistar machos foi avaliada atravĂs dos ensaios de peritonite induzida por carragenana - Cg (700 Ăg/cav) e de edema de pata induzidos por Cg (700 Ăg/pata); dextrano (500 Ăg/pata); ou pela prĂpria LSf (9 mg/kg). Dexametasona (1 mg/kg; s.c.) foi utilizada como controle. A aĂĂo edematogĂnica da LSf (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg) foi avaliada atravĂs da sua aplicaĂĂo na pata de ratos e da modulaĂĂo farmacolĂgica do edema formado. O estudo da toxicidade da LSf (9 mg/kg;i.v.) foi realizado atravĂs da sua aplicaĂĂo em camundogos (7 dias) e da anĂlise dos parĂmetros fĂsicos, bioquĂmicos e histolĂgicos. A LSf reduziu significativamente o nĂmero de contorĂĂes abdominais e o tempo de lambedura da pata na segunda fase do teste da formalina, porĂm nĂo prolongou o tempo de reaĂĂo na placa quente. A LSf tambĂm inibiu a migraĂĂo celular na peritonite induzida por Cg e os edemas de pata induzidos por Cg, dextrano e LSf. Ademais, LSf apresentou atividade edematogĂnica, que foi inibida por indometacina e dexametasona. Adicionalmente, a administraĂĂo da LSf por 7 dias nĂo apresentou sinais de danos sistĂmicos, exceto pela reduĂĂo no nĂvel de fosfatase alcalina e esplenomegalia. Concluindo, a LSf possui propriedades antinociceptiva, anti-inflamatĂria (i.v.) e edematogĂnica (i.pl.), podendo representar um potencial agente terapĂutico e uma possĂvel ferramenta para o estudo da inflamaĂĂo.The seaweeds are a source of bioactive compounds, which gained importance in pharmacological applications. Among these, there are the lectins, which are (glyco)proteins that bind to specific mono or oligosaccharides. The aim of this study was to isolate the lectin from the red seaweed Solieria filifmoris (LSf), investigate its properties in acute nociception and inflammation, and their possible signs of toxicity in animals. Initially, the LSf was purified by extraction with Tris-HCl buffer 25 mM (pH 7,5), precipitation with ammonium sulfate (70%) and chromatographies in DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. In the evaluation of the biological activities, animals groups (n=6) were submitted to pretreatment with LSf (1, 3 or 9 mg/kg; i.v.), 30 min before of the nociceptive or inflammatory stimulus. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated in male mice Swiss using the abdominal writhing test induced by acetic acid 0,8%, the formalin test to 2% and the hot plate test. Morphine and indomethacin (5 mg/kg; s.c.) were used as controls. The anti-inflamatory activity in male rats Wistar was assayed through of the peritonitis induced by carrageenan - Cg (700 Ăg/cav) and of the paw edemas Cg- (700 Ăg/paw), dextran- (500 Ăg/paw) or LSf-induced (9 mg/kg) models. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg; s.c.) was used as control. The LSf edematogenic action (1, 3 or 9 mg/kg) was evaluated by the application of this lectin in the rat paws and by the pharmacological modulation of the edema formed. The toxicity study of LSf (9 mg/kg; i.v.) was carried out through of its application in mice (7 days) and of the analysis of the physical, biochemical and histological parameters. LSf significantly reduced the number of abdominal writhing and the paw licking time in the second phase of formalin test, but didnĂąt prolong the reaction time in hot plate test. The LSf also inhibited the cell migration in peritonitis induced by Cg and the paw edemas induced by Cg, dextran and LSf. Moreover, LSf showed edematogenic activity, which was inhibited by indomethacin and dexamethasone. Additionally, the LSf administration for 7 days presented no signs of systemic damages, except for the reduced level of alkaline phosphatase and splenomegaly. Concluding, the LSf has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory (i.v.) and edematogenic (i.pl.) properties and could represent a potential therapeutic agent and a possible tool for the inflammation study
Main histopathological findings of hamsters infected with <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> and treated with CLF-1.
(A) Uninfected ear (200x). (B) Untreated infected ear (200x). (C and E) Infected ear treated with Glucantime (100x and 400x, respectively). (D and F) Infected ear topically treated with CLF-1 (400x). Arrows indicate areas of neovascularization, black circle show an area with a granuloma with activated macrophages.</p
CLF-1 or 3ÎČ,6ÎČ,16ÎČ-trihydroxy lup-20(29)-ene chemical structure isolated from <i>C</i>. <i>leprosum</i> leaves alcoholic extract [16].
CLF-1 or 3ÎČ,6ÎČ,16ÎČ-trihydroxy lup-20(29)-ene chemical structure isolated from C. leprosum leaves alcoholic extract [16].</p
Effect of CLF-1 treatment on <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> infected macrophages.
(A) Parasite load after treatment with CLF-1 for 24 and (B) 48 hours. L.b.: Leishmania braziliensis infected macrophages; Glu: Glucantime; IFN: Interferon-gamma (p < 0,0001).</p
Effect of topical CLF-1 treatment in hamsters infected with <i>L</i>. <i>braziliensis</i>.
Lesion development in infected hamsters treated for 10 consecutive days with topical CLF-1. (A) Lesion thickness and (B) Representative pictures of lesions from infected ears on the last day of treatment. Parasite load determination in the ear (C) and draining lymph node (D) from hamsters infected with L. braziliensis and treated with CLF-1 dpi = days post infection; ** and * = significance in relation to control. *p < 0,05.</p
Production of cytokines <i>in vitro</i> by <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> infected macrophages treated with CLF-1 for 24 (A) and 48 (B) hours.
L. braziliensis infected macrophages were treated with CLF-1 and IL-12, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 production were measured in the supernatant. MĂ: macrophages; L.b: Leishmania braziliensis infected macrophages; Glu: Glucantime; p< 0,0001.</p