On the parameterization of turbulent fluxes over the tropical Eastern Pacific

We present estimates of turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum derived from low level (~30 m) aircraft measurements over the tropical Eastern Pacific and provide empirical relationships that are valid under high wind speed conditions (up to 25 ms^&minus;1). The estimates of total momentum flux and turbulent kinetic energy can be represented very accurately (<I>r</I>²=0.99, when data are binned every 1 ms^&minus;1) by empirical fits with a linear and a cubic terms of the average horizontal wind speed. The latent heat flux shows a strong quadratic dependence on the horizontal wind speed and a linear relationship with the difference between the air specific humidity and the saturated specific humidity at the sea surface, explaining 96% of the variance. The estimated values were used to evaluate the performance of three currently used parameterizations of turbulence fluxes, varying in complexity and computational requirements. The comparisons with the two more complex parameterizations show good agreement between the observed and parameterized latent heat fluxes, with less agreement in the sensible heat fluxes, and one of them largely overestimating the momentum fluxes. A third, very simple parameterization shows a surprisingly good agreement of the sensible heat flux, while momentum fluxes are again overestimated and a poor agreement was observed for the latent heat flux (<I>r</I>²=0.62). The performance of all three parameterizations deteriorates significantly in the high wind speed regime (above 10&ndash;15 ms^&minus;1). The dataset obtained over the tropical Eastern Pacific allows us to derive empirical functions for the turbulent fluxes that are applicable from 1 to 25 ms^&minus;1, which can be introduced in meteorological models under high wind conditions

Using Twitter to assess the influence of urban environment on well-being in Lisbon population

The shape and morphology of the city can be determinants of well-being, and it is essential to determine which factors can contribute to achieving this objective, in order to design the city in this sense. The transformation of urban space, simultaneously with the digitization of society, enables knowledge about how much individual well-being is influenced by the surrounding built environment. The content generated by internet users on social networks provides information about users and their environment, allowing access to their preferences. opinions and interactions. This study aimed to identify which features of the urban environment of the city of Lisbon affected well-being in 2019 through the use of georeferenced Twitter comments.N/

Determination of pulsation periods and other parameters of 2875 stars classified as MIRA in the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS)

We have developed an interactive PYTHON code and derived crucial ephemeris data of 99.4% of all stars classified as 'Mira' in the ASAS data base, referring to pulsation periods, mean maximum magnitudes and, whenever possible, the amplitudes among others. We present a statistical comparison between our results and those given by the AAVSO International Variable Star Index (VSX), as well as those determined with the machine learning automatic procedure of Richards et al. 2012. Our periods are in good agreement with those of the VSX in more than 95% of the stars. However, when comparing our periods with those of Richards et al, the coincidence rate is only 76% and most of the remaining cases refer to aliases. We conclude that automatic codes require still more refinements in order to provide reliable period values. Period distributions of the target stars show three local maxima around 215, 275 and 330 d, apparently of universal validity, their relative strength seems to depend on galactic longitude. Our visual amplitude distribution turns out to be bimodal, however 1/3 of the targets have rather small amplitudes (A $<$ 2.5$^{m}$) and could refer to semi-regular variables (SR). We estimate that about 20% of our targets belong to the SR class. We also provide a list of 63 candidates for period variations and a sample of 35 multiperiodic stars which seem to confirm the universal validity of typical sequences in the double period and in the Petersen diagramsComment: 14 pages, 14 figures, and 8 tables. Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, September 201

Performance of Rotational Grazing of \u3ci\u3eUrochloa\u3c/i\u3e Hybrid cv. Cayman in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica

In Costa Rica pasture-based grass is the basis for both dairy and beef production. The Caribbean region with a rainfall exceeding 3000 mm has four seasons: dry (Feb-May), rainy (May-Aug), less rainy (Sep-Oct) and intermediate (Oct-Feb). Many pastures are dominated by Ischaemum ciliare (“Retana”), of poor nutritional quality and permanently grazed with low stocking rates (one animal per ha). To assess the potential of combining improved grasses with rotational grazing, a trial with Urochloa hybrid cv. Cayman was implemented at the INTA research station in Guápiles, Limón province, during four years (2014 to 2018). An intensive pasture management system based on the Voisin rational grazing methodology was applied in 21 paddocks of 0.2 ha, using 10-15 Brahman or Brahman x Simbrah steers, with 2.3 days of grazing and 46 days of pasture regrowth. For each year, the effect of growing season was determined on botanical composition, biomass production, intake and live weight gain. The botanical composition remained generally unchanged, with some encroachment of I. ciliare. Dry matter production increased during the first three years from 3.8 to 6.7 Mg, stabilizing in the fourth year; biomass availability was highest during the rainy season (6.6 Mg of DM/ha) and lowest during the dry season (4.2 Mg of DM/ha). Intake was 2.4% of live weight. Dry matter digestibility and crude protein content were 61% and 7% respectively. Average stocking rate was 2.4 Livestock Units (of 450 kg LW) per ha. The climatic seasons affected significantly LWG, which varied from 0.40 (intermediate season) to 0.82 (dry season) kg day-1 animal-1. Intensive rotational grazing with improved grass cv. Cayman lead to superior forage availability, stocking rates and LWG. However, very humid conditions reduce daily live weight gain by 50% and ways must be sought to improve animal wellbeing during the rainy periods

A Case Study of Students’ Lost Learning in Mathematics on Post-Remote Learning

The objective of this case study concentrated on examining the learning gap, going through some components of the transformation process, and coming up with some ways for aiding students who were experiencing lost learning. A qualitative research design was utilized by the researchers to understand and solve the cases related to Mathematics learning difficulties. Creswell (2008) asserts that qualitative research can be used to discover and comprehend the significance that certain people or groups assign to social or human issues. The researchers used purposive sampling to determine 15 student participants to understand the cases of learning loss and prescribe better interventions to the students. To solve the problems associated with loss of learning experienced by the learners after remote learning, a case study will be utilized as the strategy of inquiry since it fits the situation that is to focus the said key cases, discuss some transforming process, and develop interventions. After analyzing the interviews, researchers identified three common themes across the three cases which serve to clarify the learners' experiences after the post-remote learning: the learners' learning experiences during remote learning, factors that caused learning loss in Mathematics, and learners' coping strategies. In a deeper analysis, the impact of distance learning on students during the pandemic goes beyond just the difficulties in learning and understanding lessons which resulted in difficulty in learning math during in-person classes. The lack of in-person interaction with classmates and teachers also contributes to a sense of isolation and boredom, negatively affecting students' overall well-being and mental health

Has cupper ion any effect on Sinorhizobium Melitoili bacteria?

Proceedings of the I Congress PIIISA celebrado en la Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, el 26 de abril de 2012.Sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that in symbiosis with Alfalfa leguminous plants fixes N2 to ammonia. This process occurs after an intimate communication between host and microsimbiont in the rhizosphere niche. This soil bacterium may suffer biotic and abiotic stresses in this complex environment. Resistance to any of this stresses can be an advantage for this type of bacteria. In this work we test the effects of Cupper ion in the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. We found an effect on pigmentation and this effect is specific of each isolate (i.e. it is very pronounced for the isolate AK83 from Aral sea in Russia). On the other hand, comparison of Cupper ion resistance phenotype between isolates 1021 and GR4 suggests that the resistance of GR4 could be due to a set of 10 genes found in the cryptic plasmid pRmeGR4a of this strain. However, this resistance phenotype also appears in other isolates, and it could be explained by an alternative phenotype as Exopolysaccaride production (EPS+).It was supported mainly by research project MICINN Consolider‐Ingenio 2010. CSD2009‐00006; Scientific research by Young Students in Science (PIIISA2012; http://emc2astronomy.blogspot.com/).Peer reviewe

A Case Study of Students’ Lost Learning in Mathematics on Post-Remote Learning

The objective of this case study concentrated on examining the learning gap, going through some components of the transformation process, and coming up with some ways for aiding students who were experiencing lost learning. A qualitative research design was utilized by the researchers to understand and solve the cases related to Mathematics learning difficulties. Creswell (2008) asserts that qualitative research can be used to discover and comprehend the significance that certain people or groups assign to social or human issues. The researchers used purposive sampling to determine 15 student participants to understand the cases of learning loss and prescribe better interventions to the students. To solve the problems associated with loss of learning experienced by the learners after remote learning, a case study will be utilized as the strategy of inquiry since it fits the situation that is to focus the said key cases, discuss some transforming process, and develop interventions. After analyzing the interviews, researchers identified three common themes across the three cases which serve to clarify the learners' experiences after the post-remote learning: the learners' learning experiences during remote learning, factors that caused learning loss in Mathematics, and learners' coping strategies. In a deeper analysis, the impact of distance learning on students during the pandemic goes beyond just the difficulties in learning and understanding lessons which resulted in difficulty in learning math during in-person classes. The lack of in-person interaction with classmates and teachers also contributes to a sense of isolation and boredom, negatively affecting students' overall well-being and mental health

Microduplications encompassing the Sonic hedgehog limb enhancer ZRS are associated with Haas-type polysyndactyly and Laurin-Sandrow syndrome

Laurin-Sandrow syndrome (LSS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by polysyndactyly of hands and/or feet, mirror image duplication of the feet, nasal defects, and loss of identity between fibula and tibia. The genetic basis of LSS is currently unknown. LSS shows phenotypic overlap with Haas-type polysyndactyly (HTS) regarding the digital phenotype. Here we report on five unrelated families with overlapping microduplications encompassing the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) limb enhancer ZPA regulatory sequence (ZRS) on chromosome 7q36. Clinically, the patients show polysyndactyly phenotypes and various types of lower limb malformations ranging from syndactyly to mirror image polydactyly with duplications of the fibulae. We show that larger duplications of the ZRS region (>80 kb) are associated with HTS, whereas smaller duplications (<80 kb) result in the LSS phenotype. On the basis of our data, the latter can be clearly distinguished from HTS by the presence of mirror image polysyndactyly of the feet with duplication of the fibula. Our results expand the clinical phenotype of the ZRS-associated syndromes and suggest that smaller duplications (<80 kb) are associated with a more severe phenotype. In addition, we show that these small microduplications within the ZRS region are the underlying genetic cause of Laurin-Sandrow syndrome

Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física en función de los cutoffs points y el género en estudiantes universitarios españoles

The main objectives of this study were: a) study the levels of physical activity (PA), according to the different cutoffs points used and gender; b) analyze the compliance of different international recommendations for physical activity by gender and cutoff points. 95 university students, 33 men and 62 women (21, 96 years) wore accelerometers to assess their levels of PA using uniaxial and triaxial cutoffs points. Results indicated higher PA levels in men in vigorous intensity, not in moderate. A high percentage of the sample fulfills the recommendations for moderate PA, nevertheless, for vigorous PA, it is low. Analyzes of PA with triaxial cutoffs points are higher than the uniaxial ones, besides a greatest compliance of PA recommendations of Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory (2008) and World Health Organization (2010) recommendations are used.Los principales objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) estudiar los niveles de actividad física (AF) según los diferentes puntos de corte utilizados y el género; b) analizar el cumplimiento de las diferentes recomendaciones internacionales de AF según el género y puntos de corte. 95 universitarios, 33 hombres y 62 mujeres (21, 96 años + 2,33) llevaron acelerómetro para medir sus niveles de AF utilizando puntos de corte uniaxiales y triaxiales. Los resultados señalan mayores niveles de AF en los hombres para la AF vigorosa, pero no en la moderada. La mayoría de la muestra cumple con las recomendaciones de AF moderada, sin embargo, en la AF vigorosa el cumplimiento es bajo. El análisis de la AF con puntos de corte triaxiales son mayores a los uniaxiales, así como un mayor porcentaje de cumplimiento cuando se utilizan las recomendaciones establecidas por la Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory y la World Health Organization