IACT observations of gamma-ray bursts: prospects for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Gamma rays at rest frame energies as high as 90 GeV have been reported from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). There is considerable hope that a confirmed GRB detection will be possible with the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), which will have a larger effective area and better low-energy sensitivity than current-generation imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). To estimate the likelihood of such a detection, we have developed a phenomenological model for GRB emission between 1 GeV and 1 TeV that is motivated by the high-energy GRB detections of Fermi-LAT, and allows us to extrapolate the statistics of GRBs seen by lower energy instruments such as the Swift-BAT and BATSE on the Compton Gamma-ray Observatory. We show a number of statistics for detected GRBs, and describe how the detectability of GRBs with CTA could vary based on a number of parameters, such as the typical observation delay between the burst onset and the start of ground observations. We also consider the possibility of using GBM on Fermi as a finder of GRBs for rapid ground follow-up. While the uncertainty of GBM localization is problematic, the small field-of-view for IACTs can potentially be overcome by scanning over the GBM error region. Overall, our results indicate that CTA should be able to detect one GRB every 20 to 30 months with our baseline instrument model, assuming consistently rapid pursuit of GRB alerts, and provided that spectral breaks below 100 GeV are not a common feature of the bright GRB population. With a more optimistic instrument model, the detection rate can be as high as 1 to 2 GRBs per year.Comment: 28 pages, 24 figures, 4 tables, submitted to Experimental Astronom

Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Kas Berbasis WEB (Studi Kasus Pada SMP Widya Sakti)

AbstractPerkembangan teknologi pada era globalisasi ini menjadikan teknologi sebagai pilar penting dalam membantu kegiatan oprasional suatu organisasi atau instansi guna untuk mencapai tujuan yang diingikan oleh instansi. Perkembangan teknologi informasi merupakan salah satu bagian penting yang dapat membantu seseorang dalam mengolah berbagai data menjadi sebuah informasi yang dapat berguna bagi orang yang memerlukannya. SMP Widya Sakti merupakan sebuah instansi yang yang sudah berdiri sejak 24 maret 1978 sampai saat ini. Dimana pada instansi ini sudah menggunakan teknologi  sebagai pembantu pengolahan data keuangan dan dapat menghasilkan suatu laporan yang selalu dilaporkan setiap bulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang sistem informasi penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas berbasis Web. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Metode dalam pengembangan aplikasi ini menggunakan Metode Waterfall. Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Kas dirancang menggunakan database MySQL dan bahasa Pemograman Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) sedangkan untuk pengujian sistem menggunakan black box testing.Aliran data dan rancangan sistem menggunakan Data Flow Diagram ( DFD) sedangkan perancangan table pada basis data menggunakan Entity Realationship Diagram (ERD) dengan adannya pengembangan sistem penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas berbasis Web ini diharapkan dapat membantu mengembangkan teknologi informasi yang dulunya masih dilakukan secara komputerisasi dan sekarang di kembangkan dalam sebuah program. Selain itu dengan adanya sistem ini, perasalahan dalam pembuatan laporan keuangan dapat di atasi dengan mudah Pada SMP Widya Sakti.Keywords: Revenue and Expense Information SystemAbstrakThe development of technology in this era of globalization makes technology an important pillar in helping operational activities of an organization or agency in order to achieve the desired goals of the agency. The development of information technology is one important part that can help a person in processing various data into an information that can be useful for people who need it. Widya Sakti Middle School is an institution that has been established since 24 March 1978 until now. Where in this agency has used technology as a financial data processing assistant and can produce a report that is always reported every month. The purpose of this research is to design a Web-based cash receipt and expenditure information system. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The method in developing this application uses the Waterfall Method. Development of Cash Revenue and Expenditure Information System is designed using MySQL database and Hypertext Preprocessor Programming (PHP) while for system testing uses black box testing. Data flow and system design uses Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) while the table design in the database uses Entity Realationship Diagrams (ERD) with the development of Web-based cash receipts and disbursements systems is expected to help develop information technology that was previously still being computerized and is now being developed in a program. In addition, with this system, problems in making financial reports can be easily overcome in Widya Sakti Middle School.Kata kunci : Sistem Informasi Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran

Management of Systemic Steroid in HIV Patient with Toxoplasma Papillitis

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Ocular manifestations are seen in both congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis. These can include focal inflammation within or around the optic nerve head (papillitis). Purpose of this study is evaluating the efficacy of systemic steroid in HIV patient with toxoplasma papillitis. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case report of a male, 46 years old with a decrease of visual acuity on the right eye for three weeks before admission to the hospital. An ophthalmology examination showed visual acuity of the right eye 1/60, mild dilatation of the pupil and posterior synechiae, vitreous was hazy, and fundus examination showed optic nerve head not well demarcated and hyperaemic with the good retina and macula reflex. Laboratory examination showed reactive anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G. Patient had been treated with antiretroviral and anti-Toxoplasma drugs, then he was given steroid 250 mg intravenously four times per day for three days and tapering off orally. Visual acuity on the right eye improve from 1/60 became 6/60 after use of steroid on the third day. DISCUSSION: Steroid can improve visual acuity for toxoplasma papillitis in this patient. But the long term and close follow up in steroid therapy is needed

The 21st Century Paradigm in Supporting Sustainable Development

This book chapter was prepared with the theme "21st century paradigm in supporting sustainable development", with the aim of describing the efforts that have been made to support sustainable development from various fields, not only in the field of education. The material contained in this book chapter illustrates that literacy is very important to apply, so that students are able to face the challenges of a rapidly changing world that requires students to be able to solve every existing problem. In fact, it's not just literacy, but numeracy literacy is also one of the things that must be considered in the learning process. Considering the low level of scientific literacy, if not immediately addressed, it will have an impact on the low quality of human resources and will hinder the progress of science and technology in Indonesia. Literacy in schools is implemented through various learning components that must be designed or prepared by teachers. The application of scientific literacy in science learning should be carried out using scientific inquiry to foster the ability to think, work and behave scientifically and communicate it as an important aspect of life skills

Structural Insight into Archaic and Alternative Chaperone-Usher Pathways Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Pilus Biogenesis

AVZ is supported by the Finnish Academy (grants 140959 and 273075; http://sciencenordic.com/partner/academy-finland) and Sigrid Juselius Foundation (grant 2014; www.sigridjuselius.fi/foundation). SMis supported by the Wellcome Trust (Senior Investigator Award 100280, Programme grant 079819; http://www.wellcome.ac.uk) The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

SPARC 2018 Internationalisation and collaboration : Salford postgraduate annual research conference book of abstracts

Welcome to the Book of Abstracts for the 2018 SPARC conference. This year we not only celebrate the work of our PGRs but also the launch of our Doctoral School, which makes this year’s conference extra special. Once again we have received a tremendous contribution from our postgraduate research community; with over 100 presenters, the conference truly showcases a vibrant PGR community at Salford. These abstracts provide a taster of the research strengths of their works, and provide delegates with a reference point for networking and initiating critical debate. With such wide-ranging topics being showcased, we encourage you to take up this great opportunity to engage with researchers working in different subject areas from your own. To meet global challenges, high impact research inevitably requires interdisciplinary collaboration. This is recognised by all major research funders. Therefore engaging with the work of others and forging collaborations across subject areas is an essential skill for the next generation of researchers

An observational cohort study to produce and evaluate an improved tool to screen older women with back pain for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (Vfrac): study protocol.

The aim of this study is to produce an easy to use checklist for general practitioners to complete whenever a woman aged over 65 years with back pain seeks healthcare. This checklist will produce a binary output to determine if the patient should have a radiograph to diagnose vertebral fracture. PURPOSE: People with osteoporotic vertebral fractures are important to be identified as they are at relatively high risk of further fractures. Despite this, less than a third of people with osteoporotic vertebral fractures come to clinical attention due to various reasons including lack of clear triggers to identify who should have diagnostic spinal radiographs. This study aims to produce and evaluate a novel screening tool (Vfrac) for use in older women presenting with back pain in primary care based on clinical triggers and predictors identified previously. This tool will generate a binary output to determine if a radiograph is required. METHODS: The Vfrac study is a two-site, pragmatic, observational cohort study recruiting 1633 women aged over 65 years with self-reported back pain. Participants will be recruited from primary care in two sites. The Vfrac study will use data from two self-completed questionnaires, a simple physical examination, a lateral thoracic and lateral lumbar radiograph and information contained in medical records. RESULTS: The primary objective is to develop an easy-to-use clinical screening tool for identifying older women who are likely to have vertebral fractures. CONCLUSIONS: This article describes the protocol of the Vfrac study; ISRCTN16550671