Lymphatic vessels in human adipose tissue

Despite being considered present in most vascularised tissues, lymphatic vessels have not been properly shown in human adipose tissue (AT). Our goal in this study is to investigate an unanswered question in AT biology, regarding lymphatic network presence in tissue parenchyma. Using human subcutaneous (S-) and visceral (V-) AT samples with whole mount staining for lymphatic specific markers and three-dimensional imaging, we showed lymphatic capillaries and larger lymphatic vessels in the human VAT. Conversely, in the human SAT, microcirculatory lymphatic vascular structures were rarely detected and no initial lymphatics were found

Rede de cuidado em saúde mental: visão dos coordenadores da estratégia saúde da família

RESUMO Objetivo Objetivou-se analisar a visão de coordenadores da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre a conformação da rede de saúde mental no município de Pelotas/RS. Método Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com seis coordenadores de ESF no ano de 2012. Para a coleta dos dados, foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada, e os resultados foram avaliados por análise temática. Resultados A rede construída pelos coordenadores é composta por poucos serviços formais e focada no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), e a rede informal é descrita com maiores pontos de cuidado. As trocas de corresponsabilidade no cuidado em rede ocorrem de forma frágil, sem o diálogo necessário. Conclusão Os coordenadores demonstram pouco conhecimento da rede formal de cuidado e uma atenção focada nos serviços da ESF e no CAPS. Reconhecem a importância de haver políticas públicas que valorizem e ampliem os espaços informais de cuidado no território

O ENFERMEIRO ATUANDO NA PREVENÇÃO DAS ÚLCERAS DE PRESSÃO

Las úlceras de decúbito fueron y siguen siendo un cuidado importante en la enfermería. Sin embargo, comprender hoy la práctica del cuidar solo es posible a partir de una visión holística, un cuidar que ve a la persona integralmente. Por ese motivo, cuando se habla de prevención de úlceras es preciso conocer la estructura de la piel y su función para comprender mejor los fundamentos de prevención y cuidados eficaces. La manutención de la integridad de la piel es responsabilidad del Enfermero. Los mecanismos que causan las úlceras son innumerables y precisan ser atenuados o prevenidos completamente para que la integridad cutánea sea mantenida. Ante eso trazamos como objeto de estudio: El conocimiento por la Enfermería de la Escala Predictiva de Braden en la prevención de las úlceras de presión. Y como problema el siguiente cuestionamiento: ¿Cómo la enfermería sistematiza la asistencia en la prevención de las úlceras de presión? Objetivos: Identificar lo que la Enfermería conoce al respecto de la Escala predictiva de Braden (“Escala pronóstica de Braden); Comparar lo que saben con lo que hacen para prevenir las úlceras de presión. Metodología: En cuanto al tipo se trata de un estudio de caso, descriptivo, y utilizaremos el abordaje cuantitativo. La pesquisa tuvo como escenario la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva de una institución pública, de medio porte, clasificada como hospital general.As úlceras de decúbito foram e continuarão sendo um cuidado importante na enfermagem. Porém, hoje compreender a prática do cuidar, só é possível a partir de uma visão holística, um cuidar que veja a pessoa integralmente. Por esse motivo, quando se fala em prevenção de úlceras é preciso conhecer a estrutura da pele e sua função para compreender melhor os fundamentos de prevenção e cuidados eficazes com pele. A manutenção da integridade da pele é responsabilidade do Enfermeiro. Os mecanismos que causam as úlceras são inúmeros e precisam ser atenuados ou prevenidos completamente para que a integridade cutânea seja mantida. Diante disso, traçamos como objeto de estudo: O conhecimento pela Enfermagem da Escala Preditiva de Braden na prevenção das úlceras de pressão. E como problema o seguinte questionamento: Como a enfermagem sistematiza a assistência na prevenção das úlceras de pressão? Objetivos: Identificar o que a Enfermagem conhece a respeito de Escala preditiva de Braden; Comparar o que sabem com o que fazem para prevenir as úlceras de pressão. Metodologia: quanto à tipologia trata-se de um estudo de caso, descritivo e utilizaremos a abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa teve como cenário a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, de uma instituição pública, de médio porte, classificada como hospital geral

On domain walls in a Ginzburg-Landau non-linear S^2-sigma model

The domain wall solutions of a Ginzburg-Landau non-linear $S^2$-sigma hybrid model are unveiled. There are three types of basic topological walls and two types of degenerate families of composite - one topological, the other non-topological- walls. The domain wall solutions are identified as the finite action trajectories (in infinite time) of a related mechanical system that is Hamilton-Jacobi separable in sphero-conical coordinates. The physical and mathematical features of these domain walls are thoroughly discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 18 figure

A review exploring the overarching burden of Zika virus with emphasis on epidemiological case studies from Brazil

This paper explores the main factors for mosquito-borne transmission of the Zika virus by focusing on environmental, anthropogenic, and social risks. A literature review was conducted bringing together related information from this genre of research from peer-reviewed publications. It was observed that environmental conditions, especially precipitation, humidity, and temperature, played a role in the transmission. Furthermore, anthropogenic factors including sanitation, urbanization, and environmental pollution promote the transmission by affecting the mosquito density. In addition, socioeconomic factors such as poverty as well as social inequality and low-quality housing have also an impact since these are social factors that limit access to certain facilities or infrastructure which, in turn, promote transmission when absent (e.g., piped water and screened windows). Finally, the paper presents short-, mid-, and long-term preventative solutions together with future perspectives. This is the first review exploring the effects of anthropogenic aspects on Zika transmission with a special emphasis in Brazil

Copy number variation in Williams-Beuren syndrome: suitable diagnostic strategy for developing countries

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS; OMIM 194050) is caused by a hemizygous contiguous gene microdeletion at 7q11.23. Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), mental retardation, and overfriendliness comprise typical symptoms of WBS. Although fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is considered the gold standard technique, the microsatellite DNA markers and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) could be used for to confirm the diagnosis of WBS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have evaluated a total cohort of 88 patients with a suspicion clinical diagnosis of WBS using a collection of five markers (D7S1870, D7S489, D7S613, D7S2476, and D7S489_A) and a commercial MLPA kit (P029). The microdeletion was present in 64 (72.7%) patients and absent in 24 (27.3%) patients. The parental origin of deletion was maternal in 36 of 64 patients (56.3%) paternal in 28 of 64 patients (43.7%). The deletion size was 1.55 Mb in 57 of 64 patients (89.1%) and 1.84 Mb in 7 of 64 patients (10.9%). The results were concordant using both techniques, except for four patients whose microsatellite markers were uninformative. There were no clinical differences in relation to either the size or parental origin of the deletion.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>MLPA was considered a faster and more economical method in a single assay, whereas the microsatellite markers could determine both the size and parental origin of the deletion in WBS. The microsatellite marker and MLPA techniques are effective in deletion detection in WBS, and both methods provide a useful diagnostic strategy mainly for developing countries.</p

Proto-oncogene HER-2 in normal, dysplastic and tumorous feline mammary glands: an immunohistochemical and chromogenic in situ hybridization study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Feline mammary carcinoma has been proposed as a natural model of highly aggressive, hormone-independent human breast cancer. To further explore the utility of the model by adding new similarities between the two diseases, we have analyzed the oncogene HER-2 status at both the protein and the gene levels.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 30 invasive carcinomas, 7 benign lesions and two normal mammary glands were analyzed. Tumour features with prognostic value were recorded. The expression of protein HER-2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the number of gene copies by means of DNA chromogenic <it>in situ </it>hybridization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immunohistochemical HER-2 protein overexpression was found in 40% of feline mammary carcinomas, a percentage higher to that observed in human breast carcinoma. As in women, feline tumours with HER-2 protein overexpression had pathological features of high malignancy. However, amplification of HER-2 was detected in 16% of carcinomas with protein overexpression, a percentage much lower than that observed in their human counterpart.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Feline mammary carcinoma would be a suitable natural model of that subset of human breast carcinomas with HER-2 protein overexpression without gene amplification.</p