Structural glass on a lattice in the limit of infinite dimensions

We construct a mean field theory for the lattice model of a structural glass and solve it using the replica method and one step replica symmetry breaking ansatz; this theory becomes exact in the limit of infinite dimensions. Analyzing stability of this solution we conclude that the metastable states remain uncorrelated in a finite temperature range below the transition, but become correlated at sufficiently low temperature. We find dynamic and thermodynamic transition temperatures as functions of the density and construct a full thermodynamic description of a typical physical process in which the system gets trapped in one metastable state when cooled below vitrification temperature. We find that for such physical process the entropy and pressure at the glass transition are continuous across the transition while their temperature derivatives have jumps.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (agora)

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control with app1133132sem informaçãosem informaçã

Dynamical Mean Field Theory for Self-Generated Quantum Glasses

We present a many body approach for non-equilibrium behavior and self-generated glassiness in strongly correlated quantum systems. It combines the dynamical mean field theory of equilibrium systems with the replica theory for classical glasses without quenched disorder. We apply this approach to study a quantized version of the Brazovskii model and find a self-generated quantum glass that remains in a quantum mechanically mixed state as T -> 0. This quantum glass is formed by a large number of competing states spread over an energy region which is determined within our theory.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis

Although most patients with acute pancreatitis have the mild form of the disease, about 20-30% develops a severe form, often associated with single or multiple organ dysfunction requiring intensive care. Identifying the severe form early is one of the major challenges in managing severe acute pancreatitis. Infection of the pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis occurs in about 20-40% of patients with severe acute pancreatitis, and is associated with worsening organ dysfunctions. While most patients with sterile necrosis can be managed nonoperatively, patients with infected necrosis usually require an intervention that can be percutaneous, endoscopic, or open surgical. These guidelines present evidence-based international consensus statements on the management of severe acute pancreatitis from collaboration of a panel of experts meeting during the World Congress of Emergency Surgery in June 27-30, 2018 in Bertinoro, Italy. The main topics of these guidelines fall under the following topics: Diagnosis, Antibiotic treatment, Management in the Intensive Care Unit, Surgical and operative management, and Open abdomen. © 2019 The Author(s).Peer reviewe

Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in pancreatitis, paediatrics, and trauma

Peer reviewe

Methodological background and strategy for the 2012-2013 updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the abdominal compartment society

Peer reviewe

Bologna guidelines for diagnosis and management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO)

Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a common surgical emergency, causing high morbidity and even some mortality. The adhesions causing such bowel obstructions are typically the footprints of previous abdominal surgical procedures. The present paper presents a revised version of the Bologna guidelines to evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of ASBO. The working group has added paragraphs on prevention of ASBO and special patient groups. Methods: The guideline was written under the auspices of the World Society of Emergency Surgery by the ASBO working group. A systematic literature search was performed prior to the update of the guidelines to identify relevant new papers on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ASBO. Literature was critically appraised according to an evidence-based guideline development method. Final recommendations were approved by the workgroup, taking into account the level of evidence of the conclusion. Recommendations: Adhesion formation might be reduced by minimally invasive surgical techniques and the use of adhesion barriers. Non-operative treatment is effective in most patients with ASBO. Contraindications for non-operative treatment include peritonitis, strangulation, and ischemia. When the adhesive etiology of obstruction is unsure, or when contraindications for non-operative management might be present, CT is the diagnostic technique of choice. The principles of non-operative treatment are nil per os, naso-gastric, or long-tube decompression, and intravenous supplementation with fluids and electrolytes. When operative treatment is required, a laparoscopic approach may be beneficial for selected cases of simple ASBO. Younger patients have a higher lifetime risk for recurrent ASBO and might therefore benefit from application of adhesion barriers as both primary and secondary prevention. Discussion: This guideline presents recommendations that can be used by surgeons who treat patients with ASBO. Scientific evidence for some aspects of ASBO management is scarce, in particular aspects relating to special patient groups. Results of a randomized trial of laparoscopic versus open surgery for ASBO are awaited

Intra-abdominal hypertension, prone ventilation, and abdominal suspension.

Despite basic laboratory work suggesting inherent physiologic rationale and particular attraction for use among the most critically ill subgroups with either acute lung injury or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), prospective trials of prone ventilation (PV) have been unable to demonstrate treatment effects on mortality.1,2 Although the exact physiology of improvements in gas exchange with PV remains complex and controversial, this technique was originally suggested as a simple means of alleviating intrusion of the intraabdominal contents on the thoracic volume.3 In the obese, it is felt to be important to freely suspend the abdominal cavity, with the thoracoabdominal weight supported on the chest and pelvic bones. This unloading of the lung bases markedly improves relative pulmonary function.4 Unfortunately, prospective trials of PV in acute lung injury/ARDS have not either considered or reported this factor. We recently encountered a morbidly obese (414 pounds, 5 foot 2 inches) patient with a surgical emergency. Her intraabdominal pressures (IAP) reflected a preexisting compliant abdomen with a preoperative IAP of 10 mm Hg, despite possessing an incarcerated incisional hernia with a perforated and ischemic colon. This required a resection, anastomosis, and bioprosthetic abdominal wall reconstruction. Unfortunately, her course was complicated by ARDS and intraabdominal hypertension to 20 mm Hg.5 As her gas exchange worsened, she was initially proned without suspension. This resulted in worsening intraabdominal hypertension to 24 mm Hg, with concurrent peak airway pressure of 44 cm \ub7 H2O. After suspension and abdominal unloading, however, her IAPs decreased progressively to 23, 21, 17, and 14 mm Hg over the subsequent 4 hours (peak airway pressures also decreased to 38, 27, 25, and 22 cm \ub7 H2O, respectively). They remained at 14 mm Hg for the following 72 hours. As she improved, her intraabdominal hypertension resolved (IAP <12 mm Hg), and she was thereafter able to ventilate in the supine position. She was ultimately discharged to a rehabilitation facility independent of mechanical ventilation. Our experience with this case has prompted us to reflect on the belief that the abdominal condition and positioning seems to be critical to the technique of PV. We think this issue needs to be raised in the future to allow for proper evaluation of the potential merits of the PV technique