(k,1)-coloring of sparse graphs

AbstractA graph G is (k,1)-colorable if the vertex set of G can be partitioned into subsets V1 and V2 such that the graph G[V1] induced by the vertices of V1 has maximum degree at most k and the graph G[V2] induced by the vertices of V2 has maximum degree at most 1. We prove that every graph with maximum average degree less than 10k+223k+9 admits a (k,1)-coloring, where k≥2. In particular, every planar graph with girth at least 7 is (2,1)-colorable, while every planar graph with girth at least 6 is (5,1)-colorable. On the other hand, when k≥2 we construct non-(k,1)-colorable graphs whose maximum average degree is arbitrarily close to 14k4k+1

Nutrient availability of different batches of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles with and without exogenous enzymes for broiler chickens

Wheat distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are being used increasingly in the poultry feed industry but their nutritional value is variable. The aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of batch to batch variation of wheat DDGS produced by the same manufacturer on the growth performance, dietary N corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), energy conversion ratio (ECR), total tract dry matter retention (DMR), nitrogen retention (NR) and fat digestibility (FD) coefficients when fed to broilers in complete diets with and without enzyme supplementation. Six UK wheat DDGS samples, produced by a single manufacturer, were used in a broiler experiment. Six diets containing 150 g/kg of each selected wheat DDGS sample were mixed. Each diet was then split into two batches and one of them was supplemented with commercial enzyme preparation, providing 1220 units xylanase and 152 units of β-glucanase/kg diet, resulting in 12 experimental diets. Each diet was fed ad libitum to five pens of two male Ross 308 broilers from 7 to 21 d old. Enzyme supplementation improved dietary AMEn, DMR, NR (P < 0.001) and FD (P < 0.05) compared to non-supplemented diets. There was DDGS sample by enzyme interaction (P < 0.05) on daily weight gain and ECR. The results suggest that the variability in AMEn of DDGS samples produced from a single manufacturer is greater than expected compared to the variability of whole wheat samples but substantially lower than expected from wheat DDGS samples from different EU manufacturers. This experiment has shown that the variation in feeding value of wheat DDGS may be explained by the variability in polysaccharide contents

Опыт и возможности применения космических систем дистанционного зондирования Земли для прогнозирования золоторудного оруденения на труднодоступных территориях на примере Полярного Урала

The questions of the using of domestic and foreign spacecraft (SC), as well as Earth remote sensing (ERS) equipment for search and predication of gold mineralization on the example of the promising and difficult to approach areas of the Polar and the Northern Urals are discussed in the article. The solution of this problem is showed on the example of the prospective areas of the Arctic and the Northern Urals based on analysis of Landsat 7 multispectral images. Hidden structures (arc, annular, and radial) were detected with help of analyses of Landsat 7 imagery. Hidden structures determine the position of gold mineralization of the Toupugol-Hanmeyshorskogo (the Novogodnenskoe ore field, the Polar Urals) and the Turinsko-Auerbahovskogo (the Auerbachovskoe ore field, the Northern Urals) ore regions. The decision of this problem is given on the example of the promising territory of the Polar Urals with the use foreign SC the Landsat 7. Comparative analysis of the existing SC of ERS has been carried out, this target information has in the public domain. The onboard equipment installed on domestic spacecraft and the information obtained with use onboard equipment meets the existing requirements. These requirements are placed to onboard equipment to solve the problem of search and predication mineralization. At the same time, the capabilities of the deployed domestic orbital grouping of SC of ERS transcend the capabilities of SC of ERS the Landsat 7. Opportunity of obtaining geospatial information with the use of pseudospacecrafts is being considered. These have several advantages over SC and unmanned aerial vehicles.В представленной статье рассматриваются вопросы применения отечественных и иностранных космических аппаратов (КА), а также их аппаратуры дистанционного зондирования Земли (ДЗЗ) для поиска и прогнозирования золоторудного оруденения на труднодоступных территориях. Приведен пример решения этой задачи на перспективных территориях Полярного и Северного Урала. По материалам многозональной космической съемки аппаратом Landsat 7 выявлены крупные кольцевые, дуговые и радиальные структуры, определяющие позицию золоторудного оруденения Тоупугол-Ханмейшорского (Новогодненское рудное поле, Полярный Урал) и Турьинско-Ауэрбаховского (Ауэрбаховское рудное поле, Северный Урал) рудных районов. Проведен сравнительный анализ существующих КА ДЗЗ, целевая информация о которых имеется в открытом доступе. Показано, что бортовая аппаратура, установленная на отечественных КА, и получаемая с ее помощью информация отвечают существующим требованиям, предъявляемым к ним для решения задачи поиска и прогнозирования оруденения. При этом возможности развернутой отечественной орбитальной группировки КА ДЗЗ превосходят возможности КА ДЗЗ Landsat 7. Рассматривается возможность получения геопространственной информации с использованием нового вида летательных аппаратов - псевдокосмических аппаратов (ПКА), обладающих рядом преимуществ как перед КА, так и перед беспилотными летательными аппаратами (БПЛА)

Phosphorus utilisation and growth performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing graded levels of supplementary myo-inositol with and without exogenous phytase

A total of 80 male Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in this study to quantify the response and interrelationship of bird growth performance, dietary nitrogen corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn), and nutrient digestibility as a result of feeding graded levels of supplementary myo-inositol (MYO) with and without exogenous phytase (PHY). Supplementation of diet that was formulated to be insufficient in available Phosphorus (P) with graded levels of MYO improved daily weigh gain (WG) and AMEn intake (P<0.05; quadratic) and linearly reduced (P<0.05) the concentration and the secretion of sialic acid (SA) in excreta. Supplementation with PHY improved (P<0.05) dietary dry matter (DMD) and nitrogen (ND) digestibility coefficients. Dietary phosphorus digestibility (PD) increased with PHY addition as expected but the effect was much more pronounced in the low MYO group compared with high MYO diets as described by the interaction (P<0.05). The interaction showed that increasing MYO content had no effect in the absence of PHY but it depressed P digestibility in the diets containing PHY. It can be concluded that dietary MYO improves bird growth and possibly intestinal health of broiler chickens. Dietary supplementation with either MYO or PHY may improve growth of chickens although these effects may not always be additive

Peroxide-based route for the synthesis of zinc titanate powder

In this work the thermodynamical solubility diagrams of zinc and titanium hydroxides were reviewed in order to determine the conditions for maximum degree of phase composition homogenization of precipitates. Experimental investigation of dependency of titanium peroxohydroxide solubility on solution acidity has been carried out and coprecipitation of zinc ions has been studied. It was concluded that precipitation by constant addition of mixed salts and base solutions into the mother liquor with constant acidity of pH 8.5 allows maximizing homogenization of precipitate composition. Thermal treatment process of mixed zinc and titanium hydroxides coprecipitated with hydrogen peroxide was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction methods. It was found that precipitates of co-precipitated mixtures of zinc and titanium hydroxides contained impurities of salts precursors of the Zn (NO3)2 and TiOCl2 at a level of 1%. The experimental data demonstrate the influence of hydrogen peroxide on crystal growth rate of the zinc titanate during thermal treatment. The temperature ranges and kinetic parameters of hydroxide mixture dehydration, decomposition of the titanium peroxohydroxide and precursor impurities were determined

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Relationship of edge localized mode burst times with divertor flux loop signal phase in JET

A phase relationship is identified between sequential edge localized modes (ELMs) occurrence times in a set of H-mode tokamak plasmas to the voltage measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region. We focus on plasmas in the Joint European Torus where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which ELMs are observed in the Be II emission at the divertor. The ELMs analysed arise from intrinsic ELMing, in that there is no deliberate intent to control the ELMing process by external means. We use ELM timings derived from the Be II signal to perform direct time domain analysis of the full flux loop VLD2 and VLD3 signals, which provide a high cadence global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux. Specifically, we examine how the time interval between pairs of successive ELMs is linked to the time-evolving phase of the full flux loop signals. Each ELM produces a clear early pulse in the full flux loop signals, whose peak time is used to condition our analysis. The arrival time of the following ELM, relative to this pulse, is found to fall into one of two categories: (i) prompt ELMs, which are directly paced by the initial response seen in the flux loop signals; and (ii) all other ELMs, which occur after the initial response of the full flux loop signals has decayed in amplitude. The times at which ELMs in category (ii) occur, relative to the first ELM of the pair, are clustered at times when the instantaneous phase of the full flux loop signal is close to its value at the time of the first ELM

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND THEIR INTRODUCTION AT ENTERPRISES

в данной статье проведена сравнительная характеристика основных автоматизированных систем управления на предприятиях, таких как ERP (EnterpriseResourcePlanning или планирование ресурсов предприятия), SCADA (SupervisoryControlAndDataAcquisition или диспетчерское управление и сбор данных) и MES (ManufacturingExecutionSystem или система управления производственными процессами), а также преимущества от внедрения MES-систем. This article compares the main automated control systems at enterprises, such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) and MES (Manufacturing Execution System), as well as benefits from the introduction of MES-systems