Wreath operations in the group of automorphisms of the binary tree

AbstractA new operation called tree-wreathing is defined on groups of automorphisms of the binary tree. Given a countable residually finite 2-group H and a free abelian group K of finite rank r this operation produces uniformly copies of these as automorphism groups of the binary tree such that the group generated by them is an over-group of the restricted wreath product H≀K. Indeed, G contains a normal subgroup N which is an infinite direct sum of copies of the derived group H′ and the quotient group G/N is isomorphic to H≀K. The tree-wreathing construction preserves the properties of solvability, torsion-freeness and of having finite state (i.e., generated by finite automata). A faithful representation of any free metabelian group of finite rank is obtained as a finite-state group of automorphisms of the binary tree

Sale and purchasing of toys in Malaysian night market.

The National Consumer Policy of Malaysia 1999 was formed to enhance consumer well-being through self-protection, self-regulation and the regulatory provisions by the government. However, the Government is yet to establish a comprehensive system of product safety that covers all types of consumer products in the market place such as toys. Although toys can be used to promote children's cognitive, motor, language, social and emotional development, they also present hazards if they are not selected and used appropriately. With a vast selection of types of toys, brands and models available to the consumers and the 2007 episodes of massive toys recall, it is pertinent that toy safety standards and guidelines are put in place. In this vein, an exploratory market study was undertaken to evaluate the circumstances of toys sale in Malaysian night markets. Data were collected using interview survey of the stall owners and the purchasers of toys at selected night markets. Descriptive statistics related to types, models, price range, country of origin of toys and reasons for purchasing are presented. Safety concerns and ways to enhance consumer protection against unsafe toys are discussed

Struktur bahasa Mawasangka

Secara singkat akan dikemukakan di sini tentang penamaan bahasa Mawa­sangka. Dalam laporan hasil penelitian Nurdin Yatim dkk. yang bcrjudul "Struktur Bahasa Muna" dikemukakan bahwa bahasa Wuna (bahasa Muna) terdiri atas dua dialek yaitu dialek Gu-Mawasangka dan dialek Tongkuno dengan lokasi pemakaian­nya masing-masing. Dialek Gu-Mawasangka inilah yang dimaksud dengan bahasa Mawasangka dalam laporan pcnelitian ini. Dalam penelitian struktur bahasa Muna yang terpilih sampel ialah dialck Tongkuno. Ini berarti bahwa bahasa Mawasangka tidak tcrmasuk ohjek yang ditcliti. Jadi penelitian yang pernah mcnyinggung nama bahasa Mawasangka (yang disebut dialek Gu-Mawasangka) hanyalah penelitian truktur bahasa Muna oleh Yatim dkk. dalam tahun 1976/1977

A just-nonsolvable torsion-free group defined on the binary tree

AbstractA two-generator torsion-free subgroup of the group of finite-state automorphisms of the binary tree is constructed having the properties of being just-nonsolvable and residually “torsion-free solvable.” A presentation is produced for this subgroup in two generators and two relations together with their images under the iterated application of a certain simple substitution

Local Exhaust Ventilation and Application: A Review

The industries that are involved in the production of dangerous chemicals requires Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) for separating employees to hazards. LEV purpose is to separate contaminants from the source it generated. The objective of this paper is to look at a number of studies related to the LEV and its applications. The discussions are divided to several parts such as application in construction industries, buildings, manufacturing industries, workshops and paint manufacturers. Ongoing monitoring, maintenance and effective personal protective equipment (PPE) are necessary to ensure the spray booths can be managed properly and avoid employee exposure to contaminants. Ventilation design in buildings, equipment selection and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is highly suggested in that application. There are no exposures to hazardous materials to the building users in the construction of hospitals and others. Use of push-pull ventilation method is an efficient. The future phase of ventilation system in airplanes and hawker centre will be the consumer's attention

Design of Local Exhaust Ventilation for Spray Booths: Proposed Study

Workers are exposed to contaminant at workplace. Employers in Malaysia shall comply with Factories and Machineries Act 1967 and Occupational Safety and Health 1994 to minimize the exposure that hazardous to workers health. Engineering control such as to provide Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) is to control contaminant to the employees. This report is a research proposal to carry out for Local Exhaust Ventilation study at Automobile Assembly Plant in Malaysia focusing in spray paint to look on current design and purpose new design and advanced material to the system. Data collections are based on survey questionnaires, chemical monitoring, LEV inspection, testing and examination. Expected results are comparison from experimental, analytical and finite-element used in automotive industries prediction of advanced material will propose to the systems

Versatility of the Taarab lyric: local aspects and global influences

‘Taarab’ is a popular music entertainment in East Africa whose origin is ‘contentiously’ given as Middle East. It is an art form imported to East Africa perhaps in the early years of the 1900s. Taraab has been ariedly looked at, but has generally been seen as a uniform body. This essay sets out to show that from its inception in East Africa, taarab has never been uniform as it started to develop its own characteristics and peculiarities as a performing art. It has been undergoing a number of changes in its musical and lyrical structures. It moved outward to become a popular music instead of being court music, and from being coastal music to being a music that has spread out to inland Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Burundi, thus approximating musical structures of these regions as it is assuming new roles and functions. Although in our description we do in passing refer to the whole body of the art complex ‘taarab’, it is on the lyric that we focus on. This article is written on the basis of findings from field work and library research that have been conducted from 2000 to date in a project entitled Local and Global Aspects of Taarab: A Popular Music Entertainment in East Africa, under the umbrella topic “Lokales Handeln in Afrika im Kontext globaler Einflüsse”, funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

Territorial behaviour and the built environment: the case of Arab-Muslim towns, Saudi Arabia

This study attempts to explore the effect of human territorial behaviour on shaping the Arab-Muslim built environment in the past, present and future. Also, the study establishes a continuity between the traditional and contemporary Arab-Muslim built environment, the case of Saudi Arabian neighbourhoods. To achieve these objectives the study starts by a critical review of the existing body of theoretical knowledge about human territorial behaviour phenomena in order to rationalise it and match it with the dynamic nature of the Arab-Muslim built environment. The thesis sees human territoriality as a spatial behaviour and traces it to its roots in the behavioural sciences, mainly Psychology and Sociology, and design as the art of space making. It proposes the human territorial behaviour phases (Allocation, Attainment, Maintenance, and Abandonment) in parallel to the built environment space design cases/stages (Nesting, Stringing, and Clustering).The study, then, reviews the historical knowledge about the traditional Arab-Muslim built environment, and investigates the origin and process of Arab-Muslim territoriality, and its effect on the built environment. This study looks at the Islamic law (Sharicah) ownership system and built environment easement rights as parameters for defining the Traditional Arab-Muslim built environment's various territorial types (Public and jurisdictional, semi public, semi private, and private and personal space). This distinction verified the common belief that the Arab-Muslim built environment is a result of its resident's continuous territorial encroachment on the available public spaces.The study not only depends on the theoretical and historical critique review, but also depends on analysing aerial photos of the Saudi built environment dated from 1935 until now. This analysis leaves little space for speculation about the process by which the Saudi built environment was formed and transformed. The study ends up with the possible notions which might be suggested by way of re-establishing a sense of continuity between the past, present, and future effect of human territorial behaviour upon the Arab-Muslim built environment in the case of Saudi Arabia towns. This is achieved through the re-introduction of the traditional Fina concept into the contemporary built environment as a means for realising its forgotten transformation characteristics at the street scale. This release is seen as a way of recycling the contemporary city spaces and governed by the designer, the neighbourhood local authority, and the city municipality

Photodegradation of Permethrin using Photocatalyst Montmorillonite-TiO2

            Photocatalyst Montmorillonite-TiO2 was synthesized using template CTAB and natural clay for degradation of Permethrin. The porosity and crystalline phase of catalyst were evaluated using N2 sorption analyzer and XRD diffraction. Permethrin photodegradation was optimized by varying reactant volume, irradiation time and initial concentration. Montmorillonite enhanced by CTAB showed typical porosity i.e. specific surface area, pore radii and pore volume for layer material. It properties decreased as this host material was impregnated with TiO2. XRD diagram indicated that space between layers of Montmorillonite expanded up to 4.7 Å. The diffractogram also confirmed that TiO2 formed an Anatase phase instead of Rutile. Photodegradation conducted at several condition showed relatively low photocatalytic activity. The highest photodegradation was achieved at 50 mL of Permethrin with initial concentration 10 ppm and 100 minutes’ irradiation. Keywords: Permethrin, Photodegradation, Montmorillonite-TiO

Baseline Inspection and Measurement of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) Systems at Spray Booth in Manufacturing Plant

Examination and testing of local exhaust ventilation systems (LEV) that was conducted could help the management to create base or annual performance measurement in industry operations.The LEV will also be verified compliance with original design data, in order to determine adequate of transport velocities are being maintained. The examination also to determine if additional exhaust hoods can be added to the existing systems and compliance with Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) regulations.This Examination is to obtain the necessary data such as airflow static pressure, speed and total pressure at appropriate points LEV system. The method used is to inspect, analyze and evaluate the performance of local exhaust ventilation systems and related components, evaluate and recommend necessary measures for the restoration or repair of the damage.LEV also need to carry out inspection and tested by a registered professional engineer after construction and installation to demonstrate that the equipment meets the design specifications.Methodology for measurement and testing were based on American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH). Selections of testing points for fume hood and canopy hood with individual suction fan, face velocities were measured and where applicable and accessible, duct transport velocities and static pressure measurements were carried out. Results from measurement data obtained is 65 fpm face velocity and flow rate 6500 fpm is lower than the value proposed by the ACGIH and show spray booth is not able to bring out the contaminants out of the workplace. The LEV systems has been examined and tested; both spray booth number1 and number 2 was below the ACGIH Standard while measurement and inspections conducted and not comply with local legislation to protect workers safety and health