Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Melting and Freezing of Gold Nanoclusters

Melting and freezing of nanometer-size gold clusters were simulated using the isothermal molecular dynamics. The results obtained confirm the results of other authors demonstrating, at the same time, the best agreement with the results of direct (laboratory) experiments. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3514

First results of absolute measurements of solar flux at the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (IISR)

The Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (IISR) allows us to carry out passive radio observations of the Sun and other powerful radio sources. We describe a method for absolute measurements of spectral flux density of solar radiation at IISR. The absolute measurements are meant to determine the flux density in physical units [W·m–2·Hz–1]. The IISR antenna is a horn with frequency beam steering, therefore radio sources can be observed at different frequencies. Also there is a polarization filter in the antenna aperture, which passes only single (horizontal) polarization. To acquire flux density absolute values, the IISR receiver is calibrated by the Cygnus-A radiation. Since the Sun’s position in the IISR antenna pattern is determined by a frequency differing from the Cygnus-A observation frequency, we perform an additional calibration of the frequency response in the 154–162 MHz operation frequency range, using the background sky noise. The solar disk size is comparable with the main beam width in the north—south direction, hence the need to take into account the shape of the brightness distribution in the operation frequency range. The average flux density of the quiet-Sun radiation was ~5 sfu (solar flux units, 10–22 W·m–2·Hz–1) at the 161 MHz frequency

The high energy cosmic ray particle spectra measurements with the PAMELA calorimeter

Abstract Up until now there has been limited, contradictive data on the high energy range of the cosmic ray electron-positron, proton and helium spectra. Due to the limitations of the use of a magnetic spectrometer, over 8 years experimental data was processed using information from a sampling electro-magnetic calorimeter, a neutron detector and scintillator detectors. The use of these devices allowed us to successfully obtain the high energy cosmic ray particle spectra measurements. The results of this study clarify previous findings and greaten our understanding of the origin of cosmic rays

Deuteron spectrum measurements under radiation belt with PAMELA instrument

Abstract In this work the results of data analysis of the deuteron albedo radiation obtained in the PAMELA experiment are presented. PAMELA is an international space experiment carried out on board of the satellite Resurs DK-1. The high precision detectors allow to register and identify cosmic ray particles in a wide energy range. The albedo deuteron spectrum in the energy range 70 – 600 MeV/nucleon has been measured

PAMELA Observation of the 2012 May 17 GLE Event

The PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) satellite-borne experiment has been collecting data in orbit since July 2006, providing accurate measurements of the energy spectra and composition of the cosmic radiation from a few hundred MeVn up to hundred GeVn. This wide interval of measured energies makes PAMELA a unique instrument for Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) observations. Not only does it span the energy range between the ground-based neutron monitor data and the observations of SEPs from space, but also PAMELA carries out the first direct measurements of the composition for the highest energy SEP events, including those causing Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs). PAMELA has registered many SEP events in solar cycle 24 including the 2012 May 17 GLE event (GLE 71), offering unique opportunities to address the question of high-energy SEP origin. Experimental performances and preliminary results on the 2012 May 17 events will be presented. We will discuss the derived particle injection time and compare with other time scales at the Sun including the flare and CME onset times

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR for 0νββ: Current Status and Future Plans

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR will search for neutrinoless-double-beta decay (0νββ) in 76Ge, while establishing the feasibility of a future tonne-scale germanium-based 0νββ experiment, and performing searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The experiment, currently under construction at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, SD, will consist of a pair of modular high-purity germanium detector arrays housed inside of a compact copper, lead, and polyethylene shield. Through a combination of strict materials qualifications and assay, low-background design, and powerful background rejection techniques, the Demonstrator aims to achieve a background rate in the 0νββ region of interest (ROI) of no more than 3 counts in the 0νββ-decay ROI per tonne of target isotope per year (cnts/(ROI-t-y)). The current status of the Demonstrator is discussed, as are plans for its completion

A Dark Matter Search with MALBEK

The Majorana Demonstrator is an array of natural and enriched high purity germanium detectors that will search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76Ge and perform a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with masses below 10 GeV. As part of the Majorana research and development efforts, we have deployed a modified, low-background broad energy germanium detector at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility. With its sub-keV energy threshold, this detector is sensitive to potential non-Standard Model physics, including interactions with WIMPs. We discuss the backgrounds present in the WIMP region of interest and explore the impact of slow surface event contamination when searching for a WIMP signal

Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay in Ge 76 with the Majorana Demonstrator

The Majorana Collaboration is operating an array of high purity Ge detectors to search for neutrinoless double-β decay in Ge76. The Majorana Demonstrator comprises 44.1 kg of Ge detectors (29.7 kg enriched in Ge76) split between two modules contained in a low background shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. Here we present results from data taken during construction, commissioning, and the start of full operations. We achieve unprecedented energy resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM at Qββ and a very low background with no observed candidate events in 9.95 kg yr of enriched Ge exposure, resulting in a lower limit on the half-life of 1.9×1025 yr (90% C.L.). This result constrains the effective Majorana neutrino mass to below 240-520 meV, depending on the matrix elements used. In our experimental configuration with the lowest background, the background is 4.0-2.5+3.1 counts/(FWHM t yr)

Artificial intelligence as tutoring partner for human intellect

System informational culture (SIC) has stated the next problem of post neo classical science man. How to educate trans disciplinary man of scienceful culture (universal professional) capable to interpret and model knowledge by means of perception of humanitarian (art) and rational science unity? Co evolution of human mind and anthropogenic environment of computer instrumental systems (IS) occurs as subjective objectization of natural science knowledge (NSK). Authors have constructed model of artificial intelligence system of universal usage (AIUU) which supports continuous tutoring with the aim to form subject of SIC. Traditional education and known e-learning approaches can’t cope with the task. Phenomenology of consciousness is grounded on development of rational part of mind. Classical universalities problem of philosophy has been resolved in the model with the help of human ability to glottogenes in semantic direction. In this way the language of categories (LC) has been discovered. AIUU functions on the principles of knowledge without premises and educated unknowledge in the form of mathesis universales of LC. It also uses the unity of human and NSK proper to inter discipline activity in the SIC. The system generates and maintains educational space of meanings in the form of personal ontological knowledge base (KBO). By means of KBO artificial intelligence adaptively helps student to investigate any field of knowledge. LC is applied to express semantic. Axiomatic method provides the unity of ideal (theory) and real (modeling in IS). Universal tutoring is stated to resolve the problem of any theory understanding by professional clearness reduction to its self evidence. By the example of the theory of algorithms study it is shown how the approach to education works. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG

Artificial intelligence as tutoring partner for human intellect

System informational culture (SIC) has stated the next problem of post neo classical science man. How to educate trans disciplinary man of scienceful culture (universal professional) capable to interpret and model knowledge by means of perception of humanitarian (art) and rational science unity? Co evolution of human mind and anthropogenic environment of computer instrumental systems (IS) occurs as subjective objectization of natural science knowledge (NSK). Authors have constructed model of artificial intelligence system of universal usage (AIUU) which supports continuous tutoring with the aim to form subject of SIC. Traditional education and known e-learning approaches can’t cope with the task. Phenomenology of consciousness is grounded on development of rational part of mind. Classical universalities problem of philosophy has been resolved in the model with the help of human ability to glottogenes in semantic direction. In this way the language of categories (LC) has been discovered. AIUU functions on the principles of knowledge without premises and educated unknowledge in the form of mathesis universales of LC. It also uses the unity of human and NSK proper to inter discipline activity in the SIC. The system generates and maintains educational space of meanings in the form of personal ontological knowledge base (KBO). By means of KBO artificial intelligence adaptively helps student to investigate any field of knowledge. LC is applied to express semantic. Axiomatic method provides the unity of ideal (theory) and real (modeling in IS). Universal tutoring is stated to resolve the problem of any theory understanding by professional clearness reduction to its self evidence. By the example of the theory of algorithms study it is shown how the approach to education works. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG