Thyroid control over biomembranes: VI. Lipids in liver mitochondria and microsomes of hypothyroid rats

The lipids of liver mitochondria prepared from normal rats and from rats made hypothyroid by thyroidectomy and injection with131INa contained similar amounts, per mg protein, of total lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and lipid phosphorus. Hypothyroidism caused a doubling of the relative amounts of mitochondrial cardiolipins (CL; to 20.5% of the phospholipid P) and an accompanying trend (although statistically not significant) toward decreased amounts of both phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylserines (PS), with phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) remaining unchanged. The pattern of elevated 18∶2 fatty acyl content and depleted 20∶4 acyl groups of the mitochondrial phospholipids of hypothyroid preparations was reflected to varying degrees in the resolved phospholipids, with PC showing greater degrees of abnormality than PE, and CL showing none. Hypothyroidism produced the same abnormal pattern of fatty acyl distributions in liver microsomal total lipids as was found in the mitochondria. Hypothyroid rats, when killed 6 hr after injection of [1‐14C] labeled linoleate, showed the following abnormalities: the liver incorporated less label into lipids, and converted 18∶2 not exclusively to 20∶4 (as normals do) but instead incorporated the label mainly into saturated fatty acids. These data, together with the known decrease in β‐oxidation, suggest that hypothyroidism involves possible defective step(s) in the conversion of 18∶2 to 20∶4.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142296/1/lipd0328.pd

Metadata report for the Weald Basin 1:250 000 resolution geological model

This report describes the Weald Basin 1:250 000 model data and workflow. The model is based on the faults and surface contour plots in the following Department of Energy report: Chadwick, R A, Evans, C.J., Holloway, S and Kirby, G.A., Lamb, R.C., Penn, I.E. and Smith, N.J.P. 1983. The hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Weald and eastern England Channel. Deep Geology Report 83/3 (prepared for the Department of Energy). British Geological Survey

Metadata report for the East Midlands region of the Pennine Basin 1:250 000 resolution geological model

This report describes the East Midlands region of the Pennine Basin 1:250 000 model data and workflow. The model is based on the faults and surface contour plots in the map appendix of the following subsurface memoir: Pharaoh, T C, Vincent, C J, Bentham, M S, Hulbert, A G, Waters, C N, and Smith N J P. 2011. The structure and evolution of the East Midlands region of the Pennine Basin. Subsurface Memoir of the British Geological Survey. 143p

Metadata report for the south-west Pennine Basin and adjacent area 1:250 000 resolution geological model

This report describes the south-west Pennine Basin and adjacent area 1:250 000 model data and workflow. The model is based on the faults and surface contour plots in the map appendix of the following subsurface memoir: Smith, N J P, Kirby, G A, and Pharaoh, T C. 2005. The structure and evolution of the south-west Pennine Basin and adjacent area. Subsurface Memoir of the British Geological Survey

The use of elevation models to predict areas at risk of groundwater flooding

Groundwater flooding, which occurs when the groundwater table rises in response to exceptional recharge rates either to the ground surface or to a point where subsurface infrastructure is affected, has been recognized as a significant issue with real economic impacts. A methodology has been developed to produce maps of groundwater flooding susceptibility, using geological and hydrogeological data. While good geological map data are available in digital form for England and Wales, there are much less data on water levels. These levels are usually measured during the construction of water boreholes, and while there is a national groundwater level monitoring network for regulatory purposes, at a national level data are sparse. To assist in developing a comprehensive map of water levels, the British Geological Survey (BGS) has adopted a number of strategies for data interpolation for areas with limited water level data and a surface has been derived from a terrain model by considering interactions between groundwater and surface water in rivers and lakes. When comparing the calculated levels against the available field measurements, a high correlation was found to exist. However, it was considered that in areas where bedrock aquifers dominate, this interpolated surface was probably inaccurate, and so refinements were developed to improve the modelled water levels surfaces. The resulting groundwater levels have been used to develop maps of areas where shallow groundwater may pose a risk. With potential changes in groundwater recharge postulated as a result of global climate change, identifying areas prone to flooding from groundwater, or areas where groundwater is likely to increase the impact of surface water flooding, is increasingly important

Structure and evolution of the East Midlands region of the Pennine Basin : subsurface memoir

sedimentary history of the eastern part of the English Midlands (hereafter referred to as the region) emphasising the structure and evolution of the Carboniferous basins. It is the fourth in the Subsurface Memoir series of the British Geological Survey, following the Northumberland– Solway Basin (Chadwick et al., 1995), the Craven Basin (Kirby et al., 2000) and south-west Pennine Basin (Smith et al., 2005), and forms a sequel to a previously published subsurface study of the Mesozoic basins of England and Wales (British Geological Survey, 1985a). The region includes areas of high urban population density, contrasting with pastoral countryside and fenland (Figure 1). The cities of Nottingham, Leicester, Lincoln and Peterborough are the principal conurbations, but much of north Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire bear the legacy of industrialisation following development of the concealed Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire coalfield. The geology of the region (Figure 2) is superficially simple. Carboniferous strata of the southeastern part of the Pennine Basin dip eastward beneath a cover of Permian and Mesozoic strata. This description belies the complex structure and stratigraphy of the Carboniferous basins however; rapid stratigraphical variation occurs where the Carboniferous strata onlap onto the Anglo–Brabant Massif in the south of the region. Early Palaeozoic strata have very limited outcrop, and are mainly known from deep boreholes. Deformation of the rocks occurred during a number of tectonic episodes, producing structures that control their nature and distribution. The surface and near-surface geology have been described in the British Geological Survey 1:50 000 Series maps and memoirs (Appendix 1). This account examines the deeper parts of the Permian– Mesozoic and, in particular, the Carboniferous successions, in greater detail than in earlier publications. Over 2000 seismic reflection profiles have been interpreted, and some 500 deep boreholes studied during the course of this work, and the results are synthesised in the accompanying 1:625 000 scale structure contour and isopach maps (Appendix 3) and associated text figures. This account provides both a regional review and an explanation of these maps and figures. The Carboniferous rocks of the region have long been of economic significance. Coal has been worked for centuries. Prior to the 1960s, only limited investigation of the concealed geology was possible, mainly through coal exploration and extraction, and oil exploration. The National Coal Board (NCB) established a sophisticated system for coal seam identification and correlation using geochemical methods. This was combined with biostratigraphical information from marine bands to yield a very detailed lithostratigraphical correlation of the Coal Measures. The region has experienced several phases of hydrocarbon exploration: immediately following the First World War; just before and after the Second World War, when drilling was mainly on the edges of structural highs recognised from gravity anomalies; in the 1950s and 1960s, with the widespread application of seismic techniques; in the 1970s and 1980s, using 2D reflection seismic data of increasingly high fold; and since 1995, using 3D reflection seismic. The 2D data are variable in fold of stack (12 to 60) and data quality (poor to good). The acquisition of the hydrocarbon exploration seismic data, in combination with Coal Authority high resolution seismic data over more localised areas, has resulted in an extensive network of seismic reflection profiles (Figure 3), except across the Anglo–Brabant Massif (Figure 4) and in the main conurbations. This account relies heavily on these data. The 3D data are now becoming available through release, but were not extensively used during the mapping programme. A few examples of these data are however included as figures. All phases of exploration have involved the drilling of deep boreholes which, together with surface exposures, provide stratigraphical calibration. Depth conversion of interpreted seismic data to produce the structural maps was complicated by a number of factors, including the variable age of the data and the quantity and quality of the data. Horizons mapped from the seismic data in two-way-travel-time (TWTT) were converted to depth using velocity functions based on depths and times in key boreholes. Particular attention was paid to the depth conversion of the early Carboniferous interval, due to the known variation of Tournaisian and Visean lithologies (and thus interval velocities) at crop and in boreholes in surrounding basins (i.e. platform carbonates and basinal mudstone facies

New insights into the structure and evolution of the Isle of Wight monocline

High quality seismic reflection data acquired during hydrocarbon exploration activities provide evidence for the subsurface structure and evolution of one of England's most well known structures at outcrop: the Isle of Wight Monocline. It is generally seen as a major northerly verging monoclinal structure linked to the Purbeck Monocline to the west. The Isle of Wight Monocline is the result of the interplay between two inverted east–west trending, southerly dipping and overlapping down-to-the-south major syndepositional normal faults that were active during Triassic and Jurassic times: the Needles and Sandown faults. The area between the two faults tips forms an easterly-dipping relay ramp, down which sequences of all ages thicken. Both of these major normal faults were inverted during Cenozoic (Miocene: Alpine) compressional events, folding the overlying post-rift sequences of early Cretaceous to early Cenozoic (Palaeogene) age. Interpretation of the seismic reflection data suggest that previously unknown high angle, down-to-the-north reverse faults cut the northern limbs of both anticlines forming the composite monocline and are likely to come to crop in the steeply-dipping Chalk and/or the drift-covered Cenozoic sequences. Their identification marked a period of discussions and testing of the model by detailed field mapping. The existence and location of such faulting was proved through an iterative process with the result that a reverse fault zone is now mapped along the northern limb of the northern Sandown Anticline section of the Monocline. The main reverse faults on the Brighstone and Sandown anticlines result in up to circa 550 m of displacement at top Chalk level. It is thought that a series of smaller footwall short-cut faults affect the Cenozoic strata to the north of the main reverse fault, producing up-faulted sections of flatter-lying Cenozoic strata. Reverse displacements and the severity of folding on the inverted faults decreases on each fault segment in a complementary fashion in the area of the relay ramp as one fault takes up the movement at the expense of the other. The swing in strike of the Chalk in the area of shallowly dipping strata between Calbourne and Garstons is a result of deformation of the post-rift sequences across the relay ramp established between the overlapping fault tips of the Needles and Sandown faults and the interaction of the folds developed at the tips of the reverse faults

Righting rewritings of the myth of Mentor: A critical perspective on career guidance mentoring

Mentoring is entering the repertoire of career guidance techniques as careers services prioritise socially excluded young people. This article explores the use of Homer's Odyssey as a source of definitions and legitimations of many current accounts of mentoring. Contrasting modern versions of Homer's myth of Mentor with the original, it draws on feminist and class perspectives to question the basis on which such myths are used to proclaim the origins of a very contemporary phenomenon. It identifies an emerging discourse of mentoring, a régime of truth which exerts control not only over the young people being mentored, but also over career guidance staff expected to act as mentors in new Personal Adviser roles