Extraction Of Tannin From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch As A Rust Deactivator.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of reaction between rust and rust deactivator obtained from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) powder

Fuzzy logic controller for half car active suspension system

This work presents the MATLAB/Simulink simulation results of half car active suspension system controlled by the fuzzy logic controller. The half car model consists of one front and rear wheel. Firstly, a mathematical model of the suspension system is developed. Based on the developed mathematical model, the fuzzy logic controller for the system is designed. The input to the controller is the vertical displacement and velocity of the front body of the vehicle. The membership function of these two variables is adjusted accordingly so that the output, i.e., the car body acceleration, the deflection of the wheels and other output are better than that of the passive suspension system. The results clearly show that all of the active suspension system output has improved when compared to that of the passive system

Review of Manufacturing Process of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Lately, natural fibers have been gaining consideration in development of composites due to its biodegradability, availability and low-cost compared to synthetic fibers. Natural fibers are renewable sources, biodegradable, environmentally friendly and effortless in machinery. In this paper, the manufacturing of production for natural fiber reinforced polymer composite (NFRC) will be reviewed. These including injection molding, resin transfer molding (RTM), pultrusion, sheet molding compound (SMC) and compression molding processing technique. Injection molding and compression molding are mostly used in the industry. This is due to the machines give a good finishing surface of the products and low cos

Nanocomposite Electrolyte for PEMFC Application

Fuel demand is predicted to increase by 6.3% by each year, in particular the motor vehicle sector where is expected to increase by 41% per year. Gas generated from burning fossil fuels produce emission that cause global warming effect as perceived from the parameters such as (i) increase in global temperature, (ii) global climate change phenomena and (iii) the melting of the ice caps. One effort to overcome the effects of global warming is by replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen fuel and fuel cell technology had been proven able to minimise the production of toxic flue gases produced by combustion of fossil fuels. Hydrogen fuel is one of the first order candidate to replace fossil fuels because the combustion of hydrogen produce only electricity and water without the emission on of CO2, NOx, SOx and volatile organic compounds. In addition, hydrogen as a raw material can be renewed and could be harvested from multiple processing methods. Some countries have tried to produce renewable fuels with a large capacity as would be done by China by 2020 where it is expected to produce 20% of the renewable energy while New Zealand at 70%, Brazil has been producing bio-fuels on large scale and U.S. bio-fuel have been supplied from corn. U.S. and Japan have reserved the hydrogen as a substitute for fossil fuel. It is estimated that hydrogen fuel to be economical by 2050. Fuel cell technology will be one of the appropriate technologies to convert hydrogen into electric energy when hydrogen is continuously supplied. Fuel cell would be able to replace fossil-fuelled engine with higher efficiency and expected to produce minimum or no pollutants and have been developed in order to reduce the problems of green house gas effect produced through the combustion of fossil fuel

Low Noise Amplifier For Front End Transceiver At 5.8 GHz

This paper presents the design of 5.8 GHz front end Low Noise Amplifier application for IEEE standard 802.11 systems for WLAN application. Revolution and demand of WLAN technology have urged development of low cost, low power and small size transceiver by using microstrip technology [1]. This paper is present design and simulation of single stage LNA circuits. This paper is focusing on development of Low Noise Amplifier operating at 5.75-5.85GHz (5GHz upper U-NII band) for WLAN application. The amplifier design used FHX76LP Low noise SuperHEMT from Eudyna Device USA Inc. The design circuit uses lumped elements to implement the matching networks. The purpose single stage of input and output matching network is to produces 50Ω impedance at the input and output port of the LNA. The matching network is used at both sides of the transistor [2],[3]. The target simulation are gain (S21)with >10dB, noise figure with <10dB and input and output return loss <-10dB at 5.8 GHz. A single stage LNA has successfully designed with 15.924 dB forward gain , 0.552 dB noise figure, -11.182 dB output return loss(S22) and -13.246 dB input return loss(S11) by using ADS software

Effective Marketing Strategies of McDonald’s in Malaysia and Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to examine the effective marketing strategies of McDonald’s in Malaysia and Indonesia. The research method used online survey and analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Literature reviews, journals, and papers also are analyzed to support the collected data. The findings indicated that 87.07% of respondents are satisfied with the existing services whereas 69.83% of respondents are satisfied with the food by McDonald's. The findings also showed that the majority of consumers knew McDonald's from social media. The findings provide suggestions for future research and improvement provided by McDonald especially for offering more options and providing more discounts in their services

Catalytic pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene over nickel-waste chicken eggshell/HZSM-5

The main objective of the current work is to investigate the effect of nickel–waste chicken eggshell modified Hydrogen exchanged Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (Ni-WCE/HZSM-5) on pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Ni-WCE/HZSM-5 was synthesized via the impregnation incipient wetness (IWI) method with Ni and WCE mass loading of 4 and 12 wt% respectively. HZSM-5, CaO, WCE, WCE/HZSM-5, and Ni/HZSM-5 were prepared for comparison purposes with Ni-WCE/HZSM-5. All the synthesized catalysts were characterized for phase analysis, metal loading, surface morphology, and textural properties. The impregnation of nickel and WCE had significantly affected the original framework of HZSM-5, where the crystallinity percentage and average crystal size of HZSM-5 dropped to 44.97% and increased to 47.90 nm respectively. The surface morphology of HZSM-5 has drastically changed from a cubic-like shape into a spider web-like surface after the impregnation of WCE. The BET surface area of HZSM-5 has been lowered due to the impregnation of nickel and WCE, but the total pore volume has increased greatly from 0.2291 cm3/g to 0.2621 cm3/g. The catalyst performance was investigated in the pyrolysis of HDPE via a fixed bed reactor and the pyrolysis oil was further analysed to evaluate the distribution of C6 to C9> hydrocarbons. Among the tested catalytic samples, the highest pyrolysis oil yield was achieved by WCE (80%) followed by CaO (78%), WCE/HZSM-5 (63%), HZSM-5 (61%), Ni/HZSM-5 (44%) and Ni-WCE/HZSM-5 (50%). For hydrocarbon distribution in pyrolysis oil, the Ni/HZSM-5 produced the highest of total C6 and C7 hydrocarbons at 12% and 27% respectively followed by WCE/HZSM-5 (4% and 20%), non-catalytic (5% and 13%), Ni-WCE/HZSM-5 (0% and 15%), WCE (0% and 10%), HZSM-5 (0% and 6%) and CaO (0% and 0%)

INTEGRATION OF SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES WITH PHYSICAL SYSTEM OF RECONFIGURABLE MATERIAL HANDLING

The rapid-changing manufacturing environment requires a manufacturing system that is easily upgradeable to match new technologies and new functions such as Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS). RMS is distinctive from the conventional manufacturing system, where the RMS can be accomplished by using reconfigurable hardware and software, such that its capability and functionality are changeable over time. The reconfigurable components of a RMS include mechanisms, material handling system, sensors control algorithms, machines and modules for the whole production system. The objective of this project is to verify the integration between a simulation with a physical system of a reconfigurable material handling, in order to allow the simulation software controls the physical system directly. The methodology of this project starts with modelling of the physical system. Then, the control logic of the physical system model is constructed in simulation software in line with the behavior of the real physical system. Next, PLC as the controller of reconfigurable material handling connects a computer through OPC server. The PLC communication tags are extracted from OPC server. These tags are used to build the communication between simulation and OPC server. As a result, the integration capabilities are verified by using data comparison over time between simulation and reconfigurable conveyor system

Design of dual band microstrip patch antenna using metamaterial

Metamaterial has received great attention due to their novel electromagnetic properties. It consists of artificial metallic structures with negative permittivity (ɛ) and permeability (µ). The average cell size of metamaterial must be less than a quarter of wavelength, hence, size reduction for the metamaterial antenna is possible. In addition, metamaterial can be used to enhance the low gain and efficiency in conventional patch antenna, which is important in wireless communication. In this paper, dual band microstrip patch antenna design using metamaterial for mobile GSM and WiMax application is introduced. The antenna structure consists of microstrip feed line connected to a rectangular patch. An array of five split ring resonators (SRRs) unit cells is inserted under the patch. The presented antenna resonates at 1.8 GHz for mobile GSM and 2.4 GHz for WIMAX applications. The return loss in the FR4 antenna at 1.8 GHz is -22.5 dB. Using metamaterial the return loss has improved to -25 dB at 2.4 GHz and -23.5 dB at 1.8 GHz. A conventional microstrip patch antenna using pair of slots is also designed which resonates at 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz. The return loss at 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz were -12.1 dB and -21.8 dB respectively. The metamaterial antenna achieved results with major size reduction of 45%, better bandwidth and better returns loss if it is compared to the pair of slots antenna. The software used to design, simulate and optimize is CST microwave studio