Seismic wave attenuation in the lithosphere of the North Tanzanian divergence zone (East African rift system)

International audienceThe seismic effective quality factor (QC) and its frequently dependences or the frequency parameter (n) and attenuation coefficient (δ) for the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the North Tanzanian divergence zone (East African rift system) were estimated from an analysis of the earthquake coda waves recorded in the SEISMO-TANZ’07 French-Tanzanian seismic experiment. The QC values increase and the n and δ values decrease with increasing frequency and length of the lapse time window. This behavior of the attenuation parameters may be evidence that the degree of heterogeneity of the lithosphere decreases with depth. Comparison of the depth variations in the attenuation coefficient δ and the frequency parameter n with the velocity structure of the region shows that there is a distinct change in the behavior of seismic wave attenuation at velocity discontinuities. The obtained attenuation parameters were compared with the same parameters obtained in our previous studies for other continental rift systems—the Baikal rift system (Eurasia) and the Basin and Range Province (North America)

Contemporary horizontal movements and seismicity of the south Baikal Basin (Baikal rift system)

International audienceThe contemporary horizontal movements and deformations in the central and southern parts of the Baikal depression are analyzed, and their relationship with contemporary seismicity is studied. Based on the long-term measurements by the Baikal geodynamical GPS monitoring network, the refined estimate is obtained for the velocity of the divergence of the Siberian and Transbaikalian blocks, which is found to occur in the southeastward direction (130°) at 3.4 ± 0.7 mm per annum. This agrees with the parameters of the long-term extension component estimated from the geological data and with the direction of extension determined from the seismic data. The distribution of the displacement velocity across the strike of the rift, which gradually increases from one block to another, suggests a nonrigid behavior of the continental lithospheric plates at the divergent boundary. About 30% (1.0–1.5 mm per annum) of the total increase in the velocity is accommodated by the Baikal Basin. The strain rate within the trough reaches 3.1 × 10−8 yr−1 and decreases on either side across the structure. The character of distribution of the horizontal displacement velocities on the Baikal divergent boundary between the Eurasian and Amurian plates favors the model of passive rifting. The zones of highly contrasting topography and increased seismicity are localized within the area of contemporary deformations, and the seismic moment release rate directly depends on the strain rate. Here, the rate of the seismic moment release rate makes up a few percent of the geodetic moment accumulation rate calculated by the approach suggested by Anderson (1979). Based on the coherence between the graphs of the rates of geodetic moment accumulation and seismic moment release rate by the earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0 during the historical and instrumental observation periods, the contemporary seismic hazard for the South Baikal Basin could be assessed at a level of seismic event with M = 7.5–7.6

Universal information structure as a tool of long-term follow-up monitoring in allergology

The article is dedicated to the issues of organization of long-term follow-up monitoring of the patient population in real clinical practice. Every medical intervention is analyzed from the position of positive evidence of its effectiveness, safety and clinical-economic benefits. Although randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are the gold standard of evidence-based medicine, they feature a range of drawbacks; in some cases, such trials are infeasible are extremely complicated to perform due to certain aspects. Along with that, results of RCTs may not completely correlate with clinical practice. Thus, a register – a system of long-term clinical monitoring of a patient population – is a significant source of information on effectiveness and safety of medical interventions. This tool of follow-up observation of a patient’s condition is irreplaceable in medicine, particularly, in allergology both for epidemiological purposes and to assess effectiveness and safety of therapeutic interventions: e.g., use of IgE antibodies – biopharmaceutical omalizumab.Keywords: register, long-term follow-up monitoring system, effectiveness, safety, uncontrolled severe persisting bronchial asthma, omalizumab, children

УНИВЕРСАЛЬНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ СТРУКТУРА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА В АЛЛЕРГОЛОГИИ

The article is dedicated to the issues of organization of long-term follow-up monitoring of the patient population in real clinical practice. Every medical intervention is analyzed from the position of positive evidence of its effectiveness, safety and clinical-economic benefits. Although randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are the gold standard of evidence-based medicine, they feature a range of drawbacks; in some cases, such trials are infeasible are extremely complicated to perform due to certain aspects. Along with that, results of RCTs may not completely correlate with clinical practice. Thus, a register – a system of long-term clinical monitoring of a patient population – is a significant source of information on effectiveness and safety of medical interventions. This tool of follow-up observation of a patient’s condition is irreplaceable in medicine, particularly, in allergology both for epidemiological purposes and to assess effectiveness and safety of therapeutic interventions: e.g., use of IgE antibodies – biopharmaceutical omalizumab.Keywords: register, long-term follow-up monitoring system, effectiveness, safety, uncontrolled severe persisting bronchial asthma, omalizumab, children.(Авторы: Е.А. Вишнёва, Л.С. Намазова-Баранова, Е.В. Антонова, А.А. Алексеева, А.Ю. Томилова, Ю.Г. Левина, К.Е. Эфендиева, Н.И. Вознесенская, Л.Р. Селимзянова, Е.А. Промыслова, В.И. Смирнов, Е.А. Добрынина, К.С. Волков)Статья посвящена проблеме организации длительного динамического наблюдения популяции пациентов в условиях реальной клинической практики. Каждое медицинское вмешательство анализируется с позиции четких доказательств об эффективности, безопасности и клинико-экономической пользы. Несмотря на то, что рандомизированные клинические исследования (РКИ) являются «золотым стандартом» доказательной медицины, они обладают рядом недостатков, а в некоторых случаях, в силу определенных аспектов, их проведение крайне затруднено или невозможно. Кроме того, не всегда результаты РКИ полностью соответствуют клинической практике. В данных условиях принципиальным источником информации об эффективности и безопасности медицинского вмешательства становится регистр ― система долгосрочного клинического мониторинга популяции пациентов. Такой инструмент динамического наблюдения за состоянием пациента незаменим в медицине, в частности, в аллергологии как для эпидемиологических целей, так и для оценки эффективности и безопасности терапевтического вмешательства: например, применения антител к IgE ― биологического препарата омализумаба.