Attacking Poverty: Is It Globalisation?… Or Is It the Institutions?

We empirically analyze the relationship between globalisation and poverty. Deviating from the mainstream literature, we use ‘synthetic’ globalisation and poverty indicators, which combine multiple single indicators into single-valued statistics. Further, we study a sample that includes OECD countries as well as non-OECD countries, which allows us to examine the effect of structural differences between countries (summarized in a OECD dummy). Our results reveal no significant effect of globalisation on poverty when correcting for the OECD effect. We argue that this suggests institutional quality as a more fundamental determinant of a country’s poverty performance than the degree of integration with the global economy. On the methodological level, our use of synthetic indicators entails a parsimonious specification of the globalisation-poverty relationship, which increases its transparency.

O-SPIN: an Opportunistic Data Dissemination Protocol for Folk-enabled Information System in Least Developed Countries

International audienceWithout universal access to the Internet, Least Developed Countries are left by the wayside of the digital revolution. Research is underway to overstep the barrier to the development of information technology services in these areas. In this context, the Folk-IS (Folk-enabled Information System) is a new fully decentralized and participatory approach, in which, each individual can transparently perform data management and networking tasks through highly secure, portable, and low-cost storage and computing personal devices, as physically moving, so that global services can finally be delivered by crowd. In this paper we propose Opportunistic SPIN (O-SPIN), an information dissemination protocol that augments the well-known data-centric energy-aware SPIN protocol to enable networking facilities for Folk-nodes, by exploiting opportunistic contacts among users. Performance of the proposed solution has been evaluated through simulations carried out in the OMNeT++ framework under different settings. Achieved results demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency in the information dissemination process

Perfect link routing for energy efficient forwarding in geographic routing

Geographic routing has been widely advocated for use with multihop ad hoc and sensor networks because of its scalability and use of only local information. These types of networks typically have lossy links where the instantaneous quality of a wireless link can vary significantly presenting a trade-off between hop length and link quality. In this paper we revisit the question of energy efficient geographic routing for such networks and argue in favour of Perfect Link Routing, an extreme form of blacklisting with a fall-back option. Existing research has favoured cost-based methods where all links are considered for routing. We argue, however, that a discontinuity exists between the cost of perfect links (those with virtually guaranteed delivery) and other links. This is based on a more careful use of acknowledgements which we suggest ought to be considered a function of individual links. Revisiting the original analysis we find that for energy efficiency, perfect links should be favoured except in low-density networks where such a scheme leads to very poor delivery rates. A hybrid approach is proposed which we call Perfect Link Routing and this method is shown to outperform alternatives for a number of ARQ schemes

Une integration economique Africaine a l'image de l'integration economique Europeenne: Le cas de l'Uemoa

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Quand un et un ne font plus deux:Calcul d'échelles d'équivalence intra-familiales au moyen d'un modèle collectif

Dans cet article, nous présentons un modèle collectif avec consommation publique. Ce modèle est basé sur celui, plus général, de Browning, Chiappori et Lewbel (2004). Au lieu d’estimer une technologie de consommation, qui capte toutes les économies d’échelle liées à la vie en couple, nous déterminons a priori les biens qui sont consommés de façon privée et ceux qui le sont de façon publique. Le modèle collectif en question est complètement identifié si l’on suppose que les préférences relatives aux biens privés et publics sont les mêmes pour qui vit en couple que pour qui vit seul. Le modèle nous permet de calculer des échelles d’équivalence applicables au sein du ménage. Ainsi, on échappe aux critiques formulées à l’encontre des échelles d’équivalence traditionnelles. Le modèle est appliqué aux données sur la consommation tirées de trois enquêtes de budget belges récentes.In this paper, we present a collective model with public consumption. It is based on the more general model of Browning, Chiappori and Lewbel (2004). Rather than estimating a consumption technology, which captures all economies of scale of living in a couple, we determine a priori which goods are privately and which goods are publicly consumed. The collective model is completely identified by assuming that preferences over private and public goods are the same for singles and individuals in couples. The model allows calculating intra-household based equivalence scales, which meet the objections against traditional equivalence scales. It is applied to consumption data from three recent Belgian budget surveys

Quand un et un ne font plus deux

Dans cet article, nous présentons un modèle collectif avec consommation publique. Ce modèle est basé sur celui, plus général, de Browning, Chiappori et Lewbel (2004). Au lieu d’estimer une technologie de consommation, qui capte toutes les économies d’échelle liées à la vie en couple, nous déterminons a priori les biens qui sont consommés de façon privée et ceux qui le sont de façon publique. Le modèle collectif en question est complètement identifié si l’on suppose que les préférences relatives aux biens privés et publics sont les mêmes pour qui vit en couple que pour qui vit seul. Le modèle nous permet de calculer des échelles d’équivalence applicables au sein du ménage. Ainsi, on échappe aux critiques formulées à l’encontre des échelles d’équivalence traditionnelles. Le modèle est appliqué aux données sur la consommation tirées de trois enquêtes de budget belges récentes.In this paper, we present a collective model with public consumption. It is based on the more general model of Browning, Chiappori and Lewbel (2004). Rather than estimating a consumption technology, which captures all economies of scale of living in a couple, we determine a priori which goods are privately and which goods are publicly consumed. The collective model is completely identified by assuming that preferences over private and public goods are the same for singles and individuals in couples. The model allows calculating intra-household based equivalence scales, which meet the objections against traditional equivalence scales. It is applied to consumption data from three recent Belgian budget surveys