Frequency Zooming Techniques for High Resolution Spectrum Analysis

Zooming or high resolution spectrum analysis over narrow spectral bands commonly employs Fast Fourier Transform. In this paper, various Zooming techniques are compared from the point of view of hardware implementation and complexityof computation

The statistics of particle velocities in dense granular flows

We present measurements of the particle velocity distribution in the flow of granular material through vertical channels. Our study is confined to dense, slow flows where the material shears like a fluid only in thin layers adjacent to the walls, while a large core moves without continuous deformation, like a solid. We find the velocity distribution to be non-Gaussian, anisotropic, and to follow a power law at large velocities. Remarkably, the distribution is identical in the fluid-like and solid-like regions. The velocity variance is maximum at the core, defying predictions of hydrodynamic theories. We show evidence of spatially correlated motion, and propose a mechanism for the generation of fluctuational motion in the absence of shear.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Analysis of efficacy of Ponseti Method in management of Idiopathic Clubfoot

INTRODUCTION: Congenital Talipes Equino Varus is a complex developmental deformation occuring in an otherwise normal child. It is one of the most common congenital orthopaedic anomalies first described by Hippocrates as early as 400 BC. However it still continues to challenge the skills of Orthopaedic surgeon as it has a notorious tendency to relapse whether it is treated conservatively or operatively. Part of the reason that the foot relapse is surgeon’s failure to recognize the pathoanatomy. The goal of treatment is to attain a functional, painfree, plantigrade foot, with good mobility without calluses, and without the need to wear special or modified shoes. . Many of these cases are untreated or poorly treated, leading to neglected clubfoot. These children undergo extensive corrective surgery, often with disturbing failures and complications. Revision surgeries are also thus more common. Although the foot looks better after surgery, functionally it is stiff, weak, and often painful. After adolescence, pain increases and often becomes crippling. Clubfoot in an otherwise normal child can be corrected in two months or less with the Ponseti method of serial manipulations and plaster cast applications, with minimal or no surgery. This method is particularly suited for developing countries, where there are few orthopaedic surgeons in rural and remote areas. The technique is easy to learn by allied health professionals, such as physiotherapists and orthopaedic assistants. The treatment is economical and safe. Aim of the Study: The aims of the study are 1. To analyse the efficacy of Ponseti method of serial manipulation and casting in the management of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot. 2. To evaluate the efficacy of Ponseti method in reducing the need for corrective surgeries and its complications. 3. To compare the educational status of the parents and their compliance in bracing and follow up. 4. To analyse the usefulness of Ponseti method in Idiopathic Clubfoot in a developing country like India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in patients having classical idiopathic clubfeet who were less than 5 months of age (5 to 90 days) attending the clubfoot clinic in the Department of Orthopaedics, Coimbatore Medical College Hospital, Coimbatore , Tamilnadu , India. Thirty two children (47 feet) were treated by the Ponseti method between June 2007 to June 2009 and followed for a period of 6mo to one year. The cases were referred to us from paediatric wards, paediatric surgery wards and obstretics wards. Four babies manipulated and given serial casting & declared failure elsewhere, were referred for treatment. All the patients were treated on an outpatient programme. An informed consent was taken from the parents regarding management, complications & compliance. Older patients or those having non-idiopathic deformities were excluded from the study Every clubfoot under Ponseti management was “scored” each week for HS (hindfoot score), MS (mid-foot score), and G (total score). Manipulation and casting were carried out without any anaesthesia or sedation. RESULTS: A total of 47 feet [17 males (53%) and 15 females (47%)] in 32 children were treated by the Ponseti method and the results were assessed in the present series, carried out from June 2007 to June 2009 followed for a period of six to twelve months. Fifteen children had bilateral clubfeet, nine were unilateral on right side and eight were left sided. Forty one feet (87%) were of first-born children. Forty one feet (87%) were of children born full-term. The most common associated congenital anomaly in our studies was Umblical hernia (four cases). Next common was Developmental dysplasia of hip (two cases). Internal tibial torsion was seen in one of the cases. Twenty eight cases (87.5%) presented within six weeks. The total mean score at presentation was 3.79. The corresponding HS (hindfoot )score and S(midfoot)score were 1.96 and 1.83 respectively. The majority of cases mean of 5.3. The average duration of cast application was 5.3 weeks. Tenotomy was required in 28 cases (87.5%) and most of these had Pirani scores of more than 3. The average duration of follow-up was 9 months. Ten cases of relapses were encountered during follow-up. Of these four were forefoot adduction, five were equinus and one cavus. Equinus required repeat tenotomy, while the rest were all treated with repeat casting. Correction without surgery was obtained in twenty eight cases. Four (12.5%) patients were considered failure after treatment by the Ponseti method & required corrective Posteromedial soft tissue release. Following surgery, all the four patients had Pirani score of less than 1.0. No postoperative wound infection was noted. CONCLUSION: The Ponseti method is a very safe, efficient treatment for the correction of Idiopathic Clubfoot that decreases the need for extensive corrective surgery and its complications. Following the principles and technical details of Ponseti method will assure optimal results in almost all patients. Babies presenting early have an excellent chance of achieving full correction with fewer casts with or without percutanoeus tenotomy of tendoachilles. Babies of parents, who are better educated have more compliance in following instructions regarding splint and shoes application and follow up. In a developing country like India, where there is dearth of proper operative facilities in remote areas, Ponseti technique is an easy, safe, result-oriented and economical method of Clubfoot management

(2E)-1-(5-Chloro­thio­phen-2-yl)-3-(2,4,5-trimeth­oxy­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title mol­ecule, C16H15ClO4S, the chloro­thio­phene and trimeth­oxy­phenyl rings make a dihedral angle of 31.12 (5)°. The C=C double bond exhibits an E conformation. In the crystal, C—H⋯O inter­actions generate bifurcated bonds, linking the mol­ecules into chains along the b axis

Substrate Inhibition Growth Kinetics for Cutinase Producing Pseudomonas cepacia Using Tomato-peel Extracted Cutin

Using tomato-peel extracted cutin, an economically viable substrate, cutinase production by Pseudomonas cepacia was studied at different initial substrate concentrations (2–20 g L–1). The highest volumetric enzyme activity was observed at 10 g L–1 of cutin, which was inhibited at further higher concentrations. Various 3-, 4- and 5- parametric Monod-variant models were chosen to analyze the inhibition kinetics. The model parameters as well as goodness of fit were estimated using non-linear regression analysis. The 4- parameter Webb model was the best-fit model (R2 = 0.933), followed by the 3-parameter Andrews model (R2 = 0.92). Parameter sensitivity analysis revealed that the maximum specific growth rate was the most sensitive parameter for both the models, and the Webb constant was the least sensitive. Finally, based on a strong evidence ratio 190.65 from Akaike’s information content criteria analysis as well as extra sum of square F test (P > 0.05), it was found that 3-parameter Andrews model gave the best fit

Variability in the Origin of the Obturator Artery

INTRODUCTION: General surgeons dealing with laparoscopic herniorrhaphy should be aware of the aberrant obturator artery that crosses the superior pubic ramus and is susceptible to injuries during dissection of the Bogros space and mesh stapling onto Cooper's ligament. The obturator artery is usually described as a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, although variations have been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 98 pelvic halves of embalmed cadavers, and the origin and course of the obturator artery were traced and noted. RESULTS: In 79% of the specimens, the obturator artery was a branch of the internal iliac artery. It branched off at different levels either from the anterior division or posterior division, individually or with other named branches. In 19% of the cases, the obturator artery branched off from the external iliac artery as a separate branch or with the inferior epigastric artery. However, in the remaining 2% of the specimens, both the internal and the external iliac arteries branched to form an anastomotic structure within the pelvic cavity. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study show that it is more common to find an abnormal obturator artery than was reported previously, and this observation has implications for pelvic surgeons and is of academic interest to anatomists. Surgeons dealing with direct, indirect, femoral, or obturator hernias need to be aware of these variations and their close proximity to the femoral ring

KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES OF THE OXIDATION OF PERFUMERY ALCOHOLS USING POTASSIUM PERIODATE IN ACIDIC MEDIUM

ABSTRACT Oxidation is one of the most important industrial reactions as it yields useful products. Literature survey indicates the use of a variety of organic oxidants for the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds but inorganic oxidants have rarely been used. The quantitative conversion of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones has been reported by several workers but there are relatively few reports about the kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of the oxidation of alcohols. We report herein the kinetics of the controlled oxidation of some perfumery and fragrance alcohols using potassium periodate (KIO 4 ) in acidic medium. The secondary cyclic alcohols, borneol, isoborneol and menthol are extensively used in the manufacture of perfumes and fragrances. Menthol is also used in medicine as a local anaesthetic and counter irritant. The aliphatic alcohols, 2-propanol, 2-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol are used as diluents in perfumery formulations. The oxidation was carried out under pseudo uni-molecular kinetic conditions with respect to the inorganic oxidant. The progress of the reaction was monitored by iodometric estimation of the oxidant at regular time intervals during the course of the reaction. For all the alcohols studied, it was found that the oxidation rate increased with alcohol concentration but decreased with oxidant concentration

1D and 2D Simulations for the NASA Electric Arc Shock Tube Experiments

No abstract availabl