Épidémiologie des accidents domestiques graves de l’enfant admis en réanimation pédiatrique polyvalente à l’hôpital d’enfants de Rabat-Maroc

Introduction: les accidents domestiques de l'enfant représentent un vrai problème de santé publique dans les pays industrialisés. Au Maroc, lapriorité en santé publique est toujours donnée aux pathologies   infectieuses, et bien qu'elle soit très peu décrite, la pathologie accidentelle de l'enfant devient de plus en plus fréquente dans notre pays avec une mortalité importante. L'objectif est de mettre le point sur la prévalence, lagravité, les aspects étiologiques, les facteurs de risque et les circonstances de survenue de ces accidents, ainsi que les moyens de préventionactive et passive. Méthodes: enquête rétrospective descriptive sur une période de douze mois portant sur tous les enfants pris en charge pour accident domestique grave au service de réanimation pédiatrique polyvalente de l'hôpital universitaire d'enfants de Rabat. Résultats: parmi 698 admissions, 108 cas d'accidents domestiques graves ont étaient colligés (soit 15,5%), L'âge moyen des enfants était de 04ans tout accident confondu, avec un sex-ratio de 1,08 en faveur des garçons. L'évolution générale était marquée par le décès de 16 enfants (soit 14,8%) parmi 164 décès toute pathologie confondue au cours de la même période d'étude (soit 9,75% des décès) avec une durée moyenne   d'hospitalisation de 04jours. les brûlures constituaient le premier accident dans notre série par 37cas, et elles étaient la première cause de mortalité par huit cas; par ailleurs, la population la plus à risque de brûlure était les nourrissons (67,6%). L'inhalation intrabronchique d'épingle à foulard  (accident particulier dans notre contexte islamique) à été retrouvée chez six cas. Conclusion: les accidents domestiques de l'enfant constituent rarement une préoccupation de premier plan dans la population alors qu'ils sont parfois très graves et source d'une mortalité importante. Le meilleur  traitement reste la prévention active et passive

Performance of 3

Developments in neutron detection technology during the recent past years have experienced an emphasis in their application in various fields. The performance test of one linear position sensitive 3He detector coupled with a position decoder and multi-channel analyzer (MCA) was recorded. This system is used as the neutron powder diffractometer of CENM-Maamora. The wall effect and saturation of gas multiplication have been studied

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis complicating Legionnaires' disease: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Legionnaires' disease is recognized as a multi-systemic illness. Afflicted patients may have pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system complications. However, renal insufficiency is uncommon. The spectrum of renal involvement may range from a mild and transient elevation of serum creatinine levels to anuric renal failure requiring dialysis and may be linked to several causes. In our present case report, we would like to draw attention to the importance of the pathological documentation of acute renal failure by reporting a case of a patient with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis complicating Legionnaires' disease.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 55-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to our hospital for community-acquired pneumonia complicated by acute renal failure. <it>Legionella pneumophila </it>serogroup type 1 was diagnosed. Although the patient's respiratory illness responded to intravenous erythromycin and ofloxacin therapy, his renal failure worsened, he became anuric, and hemodialysis was started. A renal biopsy was performed, which revealed severe tubulointerstitial nephritis. After initiation of steroid therapy, his renal function improved dramatically.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This case highlights the importance of kidney biopsies in cases where acute renal failure is a complicating factor in Legionnaires' disease. If the presence of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis can be confirmed, it will likely respond favorably to steroidal treatment and thus irreversible renal damage and chronic renal failure will be avoided.</p

Reassigned Spectrogram Representation for Mechanomyogram Signal Analysis

International audienceMuscle sounds also called MMG (Mechanomyogram) signals are acquired with the help of a high sensitive optical sensor and stored in the memory of a PC. These signals are recorded from the isometric contraction of the human forearm flexor. They are non stationary random signals in the range of very low frequencies. The aim of this work is to show that time-frequency analysis (TFA) is a powerful tool to determine the frequency contents of MMG signals for further analysis. Indeed, this approach can reveal each frequency at a fixed time and thus allows us to determine dynamic changes in muscle physiological properties. The TFA technique applied is the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and its well-known square-modulus called the spectrogram. So, the goal is the direct readability of the frequency content in the spectrogram. We applied the reassignment method of the later to study different MMG signals and hence improved the direct readability of the frequency contents regarding its time and frequency resolutions. For this purpose, we analyzed data recorded from normal subjects and patients affected by different neuromuscular diseases. Data from patients were acquired through drastic clinical conditions and environment

Performance of

Developments in neutron detection technology during the recent past years have experienced an emphasis in their application in various fields. The performance test of one linear position sensitive 3He detector coupled with a position decoder and multi-channel analyzer (MCA) was recorded. This system is used as the neutron powder diffractometer of CENM-Maamora. The wall effect and saturation of gas multiplication have been studied

Pre-flight calibration of LYRA, the solar VUV radiometer on board PROBA2

Aims. LYRA, the Large Yield Radiometer, is a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) solar radiometer, planned to be launched in November 2009 on the European Space Agency PROBA2, the Project for On-Board Autonomy spacecraft. Methods: The instrument was radiometrically calibrated in the radiometry laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) at the Berlin Electron Storage ring for SYnchroton radiation (BESSY II). The calibration was done using monochromatized synchrotron radiation at PTB's VUV and soft X-ray radiometry beamlines using reference detectors calibrated with the help of an electrical substitution radiometer as the primary detector standard. Results: A total relative uncertainty of the radiometric calibration of the LYRA instrument between 1 and 11 was achieved. LYRA will provide irradiance data of the Sun in four UV passbands and with high temporal resolution down to 10 ms. The present state of the LYRA pre-flight calibration is presented as well as the expected instrument performance

On the determination and constancy of the solar oblateness

International audienceThe equator-to-pole radius difference (Δr=R eq−R pol) is a fundamental property of our star, and understanding it will enrich future solar and stellar dynamical models. The solar oblateness (Δ⊙) corresponds to the excess ratio of the equatorial solar radius (R eq) to the polar radius (R pol), which is of great interest for those working in relativity and different areas of solar physics. Δr is known to be a rather small quantity, where a positive value of about 8 milli-arcseconds (mas) is suggested by previous measurements and predictions. The Picard space mission aimed to measure Δr with a precision better than 0.5 mas. The Solar Diameter Imager and Surface Mapper (SODISM) onboard Picard was a Ritchey–Chrétien telescope that took images of the Sun at several wavelengths. The SODISM measurements of the solar shape were obtained during special roll maneuvers of the spacecraft by 30° steps. They have produced precise determinations of the solar oblateness at 782.2 nm. After correcting measurements for optical distortion and for instrument temperature trend, we found a solar equator-to-pole radius difference at 782.2 nm of 7.9±0.3 mas (5.7±0.2 km) at one σ. This measurement has been repeated several times during the first year of the space-borne observations, and we have not observed any correlation between oblateness and total solar irradiance variations