Numerical Validation of a Boundary Element Method With E and E/N as the Boundary Unknowns

We recently developed a surface integral equation method where the electric field and its normal derivative are chosen as the boundary unknowns. After reviewing this formulation, we present preliminary numerical calculations that show good agreement with the known results. These calculations are encouraging and invite the further development of the numerical solution.Peer reviewe

Järjestötyöntekijöiden näkemyksiä työhyvinvointia tukevista ja haittaavista tekijöistä ja työhyvinvoinnin parantamisen mahdollisuuksista

Tiivistelmä. Kolmannen sektorin, järjestötyötä tekevän työntekijän työhyvinvointia on suomalaisessa mittakaavassa tutkittu verrattain vähän. Pyrin tutkimukseni kautta avaamaan järjestötyöntekijän työhyvinvoinnin kuvaa ja työhyvinvointiin vaikuttavia tekijöitä, joista olisi tärkeä saada syvempää ymmärtämystä. Sen kautta on mahdollisuus myös työhyvinvoinnin kehittämiseen ja jokaisen työyhteisössä toimivan työntekijän työhyvinvoinnin tukemiseen. Tutkimukseni teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä korostuu työhyvinvoinnin monisäikeinen ja laaja käsite. Työhyvinvointi ei ole paikallaan pysyvä ilmiö, vaan se muokkautuu jatkuvasti yksilön kokemusten mukaan. Tutkimuksen tärkeänä teoreettisena sisältönä tulee esille JD-R -malli ja sen sisältämät työn voimavarat ja vaatimukset, jotka yhdistyvät vahvasti tutkimukseeni analyysiprosessissani. Lähtökohta tutkimukseeni on työpsykologinen, mutta se tulee myös lähelle positiivista psykologiaa käsitellessään työntekijöiden psykologista pääomaa työhyvinvointia tukevana voimavarana. Tutkimukseni tarkoituksena on selvittää järjestötyöntekijän työhyvinvointia tukevia ja haittaavia tekijöitä sekä selvittää, miten työhyvinvointia voisi heidän mielestään parantaa. Tutkimus on laadullinen ja tutkimusmenetelminä käytetään teemahaastattelua ja Webropol-kyselyä, triangulaation mahdollisuuksia hyödyntäen. Aineisto muodostuu kolmesta järjestötyöntekijälle suunnatusta teemahaastattelusta ja kahdeksalta järjestötyöntekijältä saaduista Webropol-kyselyn vastauksista. Analyysimenetelmänä käytetään teoriaohjaavaa sisällönanalyysiä. --Tutkimuksen tuloksissa tulee hyvin laajasti esille järjestötyöntekijöiden työhyvinvointiin vaikuttavia tekijöitä ja työhyvinvoinnin parantamisen mahdollisuuksia, joita on avattu tulokset -osiossa. Näitä tuloskategorioita käsitellään yhdistettynä työhyvinvoinnin fyysisiin, psyykkisiin, sosiaalisiin ja organisatorisiin tekijöihin sekä työkenttään ja työn luonteeseen liittyviin tekijöihin. Tutkimustuloksissa korostuvat työyhteisön ja sen toimivuuden, tuen ja positiivisen palautteen merkitys, työn merkityksellisyys, osaaminen ja itsensä johtamisen mahdollisuudet sekä muutosten merkityksellisyys työ- ja johtamiskulttuuria koskien

Utö:Piilopaikka arjelta — retriittiarkkitehtuuria ulkosaaristoon

Tiivistelmä. Diplomityöni on monivaiheinen matka, jossa olen tutkinut retriittiä, luontoa hyvinvoinnin edistäjänä, arkkitehtuuria luontokokemuksen ja moniaistisuuden näkökulmasta sekä subjektiivista saaristokokemustani, käynyt tutkimusmatkoilla ja suunnitellut tutkielmaan tukeutuvan retriittiarkkitehtuurikokonaisuuden. Olen valinnut työni teemaksi luontokokemuksen sekä arkkitehtuurin kokemuksellisuuden ihmisen hyvinvoinnin edistäjänä. Diplomityöni on kaksiosainen, ensimmäinen osa on kirjallinen taustoittava tutkielma ja toinen osa on itse retriitin suunnitelma. Kirjallisen tutkielman alussa on avattu aiheeseen liittyviä käsitteitä ja taustoja. Maailman kiihtyvä tahti stressaa kaupunkilaisia, ja ihminen kaipaa arkeen taukoja. Retriitti on paikka, jonne vetäytyä luonnon helmaan piiloon arjelta. Luonto tarjoaa ihmiselle vetäytymispaikan kaupungin vilskeestä ja palauttaa stressistä. Luonnolla, kuten laadukkaalla rakennetulla ympäristöllä, on todettu myös olevan terveyttä edistäviä vaikutuksia. Saaristo on ollut minulle aina vetäytymispaikka, ja avaan diplomityössä saaristokokemuksiani. Jaan diplomityössäni subjektiivisen saaristokokemukseni kymmeneen kokemuselementtiin. Kokemuselementit ovat Matka, Venevajat, Inhimillisyys, Tuli, Meri, Laituri, Sauna, Taivas, Kallio ja Turva. Kirjallisen tutkielman toisessa luvussa pohdin arjen ympäristön ja retriittiarkkitehtuurin eroja, keinoja tehdä retriittiarkkitehtuuria, arkkitehtuurin luontosuhdetta sekä moniaistisuuden merkitystä arkkitehtuurissa. Diplomityöni toinen osa on suunnitelma retriittiarkkitehtuurikokonaisuudesta Utön saarelle Saaristomerelle, Ulkosaaristoon. Suunnitelmassa olen käyttänyt tutkielmaani ohjaamaan tilojen muodostamista. Arkkitehtuurin kantava idea on retriitin osien perustuminen tutkielmassa määrittelemiini kokemuselementteihin. Retriittikokonaisuus on kolmiosainen. Siihen kuuluu Matka, jonka varrelle sijoittuu Vetäytymisvaja ja joka päättyy Yöpymisaittaan. Matka sitoo retriitin arkkitehtuurin kokonaisuudeksi. Vetäytymisvajaan on keskitetty vetäytymistilat, ja Yöpymisaitat ovat yöpymiseen.Utö : a hideaway from the everyday — retreat archit ecture for outer archipelago. Abstract. My master’s thesis follows a vivid journey in which I study subjects including retreats, nature as a source of wellbeing, retreat architecture through the lens of multisensory sensation, together with nature experience and my subjective view on the Finnish archipelago. I have also been to multiple excursions targeted to archipelago. The outcome of these is the plan of retreat architecture entity. The theme for my thesis is: The experience of nature together with experiental architecture, as the source of wellbeing. At the beginning of the literary study I have elaborated the concepts and background of the theme for this thesis. The ever-accelerating pace of the world causes stress and results in an urge to take breaks from everyday life. Retreat is a place, where one can resile to the nature and hide from the everyday. Nature offers a place to retreat from the hustle of the city and it gives an opportunity to recover from the stressful city life. It has been discovered that nature, as well as high-quality built environment, has the ability to promote health. Archipelago for me has always been a place to retreat and I explicate my experiences in the thesis. I divide my subjective experience of the archipelago to experiental elements. The elements are Journey, Boathouses, Humanity, Fire, Sea, Dock, Sauna, Sky, Rock and Safety In the second chapter of the literary study I contemplate on the differences between the everyday environment and retreat architecture, the ways to create retreat architecture, the relationship between architecture and nature and the meaning of multisensory in architecture. The second part of my thesis is the plan of an architectural retreat complex for the island of Utö, located in the outer Finnish Archipelago. I have used my literary study as a guide in the formation of the architectural spaces in my plan. The leading idea of the architecture is the experiental elements as the basis for the parts of retreat. The retreat complex is consists of three parts. These include the Journey, by which the Retreat shed is located, and which ends at the Sleeping barn. Journey connects the retreat architecture to one entity. The Retreat shed is reserved for reflection and The Overnight barn is reserved for sleeping

Evaluating two soil carbon models within the global land surface model JSBACH using surface and spaceborne observations of atmospheric CO₂

The trajectories of soil carbon (C) in the changing climate are of utmost importance, as soil carbon is a substantial carbon storage with a large potential to impact the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) burden. Atmospheric CO2 observations integrate all processes affecting C exchange between the surface and the atmosphere. Therefore they provide a benchmark for carbon cycle models. We evaluated two distinct soil carbon models (CBALANCE and YASSO) that were implemented to a global land surface model (JSBACH) against atmospheric CO2 observations. We transported the biospheric carbon fluxes obtained by JSBACH using the atmospheric transport model TM5 to obtain atmospheric CO2. We then compared these results with surface observations from Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) stations as well as with column XCO2 retrievals from the GOSAT satellite. The seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO2 estimated by the two different soil models differed. The estimates from the CBALANCE soil model were more in line with the surface observations at low latitudes (0 N–45 N) with only 1 % bias in the seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA), whereas YASSO was underestimating the SCA in this region by 32 %. YASSO gave more realistic seasonal cycle amplitudes of CO2 at northern boreal sites (north of 45 N) with underestimation of 15 % compared to 30 % overestimation by CBALANCE. Generally, the estimates from CBALANCE were more successful in capturing the seasonal patterns and seasonal cycle amplitudes of atmospheric CO2 even though it overestimated soil carbon stocks by 225 % (compared to underestimation of 36 % by YASSO) and its predictions of the global distribution of soil carbon stocks was unrealistic. The reasons for these differences in the results are related to the different environmental drivers and their functional dependencies of these two soil carbon models. In the tropical region the YASSO model showed earlier increase in season of the heterotophic respiration since it is driven by precipitation instead of soil moisture as CBALANCE. In the temperate and boreal region the role of temperature is more dominant. There the heterotophic respiration from the YASSO model had larger annual variability, driven by air temperature, compared to the CBALANCE which is driven by soil temperature. The results underline the importance of using sub-yearly data in the development of soil carbon models when they are used in shorter than annual time scales

Bilateral Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Parotid Gland: In a Recipient of Kidney Transplant

We report a rare case of bilateral basal cell adenocarcinoma (BcAC) of the parotid gland in a male patient 30 years after kidney transplantation and continuous administration of immunosuppressive therapy. BcAC is a salivary gland malignancy first recognized as a distinct neoplastic entity in WHO classification of salivary gland tumours in 1991. Over 90% of BcACs are detected in the parotid gland. The most important differential diagnosis is basal cell adenoma. Infiltrative growth is the distinguishing feature of BcAC. Administration of immunosuppressive medication to this patient for three decades may have contributed to development of this rare neoplasia. To our knowledge, similar cases of BcAC have not been reported previously

Statistical Properties of Galactic Starlight Polarization

We present a statistical analysis of Galactic interstellar polarization from the largest compilation available of starlight data. The data comprises ~ 9300 stars of which we have selected ~ 5500 for our analysis. We find a nearly linear growth of mean polarization degree with extinction. The amplitude of this correlation shows that interstellar grains are not fully aligned with the Galactic magnetic field, which can be interpreted as the effect of a large random component of the field. In agreement with earlier studies of more limited scope, we estimate the ratio of the uniform to the random plane-of-the-sky components of the magnetic field to be B_u/B_r = 0.8. Moreover, a clear correlation exists between polarization degree and polarization angle what provides evidence that the magnetic field geometry follows Galactic structures on large-scales. The angular power spectrum C_l of the starlight polarization degree for Galactic plane data (|b| < 10 deg) is consistent with a power-law, C_l ~ l^{-1.5} (where l ~ 180 deg/\theta is the multipole order), for all angular scales \theta > 10 arcmin. An investigation of sparse and inhomogeneous sampling of the data shows that the starlight data analyzed traces an underlying polarized continuum that has the same power spectrum slope, C_l ~ l^{-1.5}. Our findings suggest that starlight data can be safely used for the modeling of Galactic polarized continuum emission at other wavelengths.Comment: 31 pages, 11 figures. Minor corrections and some clarifications included. Matches version accepted for publication by the Astrophysical Journa

Biogeophysical impacts of peatland forestation on regional climate changes in Finland

Land cover changes can impact the climate by influencing the surface energy and water balance. Naturally treeless or sparsely treed peatlands were extensively drained to stimulate forest growth in Finland over the second half of 20th century. The aim of this study is to investigate the biogeophysical effects of peatland forestation on regional climate in Finland. Two sets of 18-year climate simulations were done with the regional climate model REMO by using land cover data based on pre-drainage (1920s) and post-drainage (2000s) Finnish national forest inventories. In the most intensive peatland forestation area, located in the middle west of Finland, the results show a warming in April of up to 0.43 K in monthly-averaged daily mean 2 m air temperature, whereas a slight cooling from May to October of less than 0.1 K in general is found. Consequently, snow clearance days over that area are advanced up to 5 days in the mean of 15 years. No clear signal is found for precipitation. Through analysing the simulated temperature and energy balance terms, as well as snow depth over five selected subregions, a positive feedback induced by peatland forestation is found between decreased surface albedo and increased surface air temperature in the snow-melting period. Our modelled results show good qualitative agreements with the observational data. In general, decreased surface albedo in the snow-melting period and increased evapotranspiration in the growing period are the most important biogeophysical aspects induced by peatland forestation that cause changes in climate. The results from this study can be further integrally analysed with biogeochemical effects of peatland forestation to provide background information for adapting future forest management to mitigate climate warming effects. Moreover, they provide insights about the impacts of projected forestation of tundra at high latitudes due to climate change

Increased MIB-1 expression in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma that recurs and undergoes malignant transformation

Correction: Volume12, Issue1 Article Number10828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15267-7The objective of this retrospective study was to explore possible changes in histopathological features and expression of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA) that recur or undergo malignant transformation. Knowledge of these characteristics might help to guide the management of these rare tumors. The histopathology and immunohistochemical staining characteristics of such tumors were analyzed in a cohort of 65 patients constituting three different groups of tumors: PA, recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA) and carcinoma ex PA (CxPA). The RPAs were divided into two subgroups: primary PA that were known to recur later (PA-prim) and recurrent tumors appearing after a primary tumor (PA-rec). RPAs and CxPAs were compared with PAs without recurrence, which served as a control group. In our study, CxPA and PA-rec, but not PA-prim, showed increased MIB-1 expression compared with the control group. Neither cyclin D1 expression nor any histopathological features showed any association in statistical analyses. CxPA showed increased mitotic activity, squamous metaplasia, and nuclear atypia. Tumor multifocality was more frequent in PA-rec and CxPA. The different MIB-1 expression in CxPA and PA-rec in comparison to PA-prim suggests that the changes in expression could develop after the primary tumor.Peer reviewe