799 research outputs found
Physics of fractional imaging in biomedicine
Medical imaging is a rapidly evolving sub-field of biomedical engineering as it considers novel approaches to visualizing biological tissues with the general goal of improving health. Medical imaging research provides improved diagnostic tools in clinical settings and thereby assists in the development of drugs and other therapies. Data acquisition and diagnostic interpretation with minimum error are important technical aspects of medical imaging. The image quality and resolution are critical in visualization of the internal aspects of patient’s body. Although a number of user-friendly resources are available for processing image features, such as enhancement, colour manipulation and compression, the development and refinement of new processing methods is still a worthwhile endeavour. In this article we aim to highlight the role of fractional calculus in imaging with the aid of a variety of practical examples
Zero-Shot Generalizable End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog System using Context Summarization and Domain Schema
Task-oriented dialog systems empower users to accomplish their goals by
facilitating intuitive and expressive natural language interactions.
State-of-the-art approaches in task-oriented dialog systems formulate the
problem as a conditional sequence generation task and fine-tune pre-trained
causal language models in the supervised setting. This requires labeled
training data for each new domain or task, and acquiring such data is
prohibitively laborious and expensive, thus making it a bottleneck for scaling
systems to a wide range of domains. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a
novel Zero-Shot generalizable end-to-end Task-oriented Dialog system, ZS-ToD,
that leverages domain schemas to allow for robust generalization to unseen
domains and exploits effective summarization of the dialog history. We employ
GPT-2 as a backbone model and introduce a two-step training process where the
goal of the first step is to learn the general structure of the dialog data and
the second step optimizes the response generation as well as intermediate
outputs, such as dialog state and system actions. As opposed to
state-of-the-art systems that are trained to fulfill certain intents in the
given domains and memorize task-specific conversational patterns, ZS-ToD learns
generic task-completion skills by comprehending domain semantics via domain
schemas and generalizing to unseen domains seamlessly. We conduct an extensive
experimental evaluation on SGD and SGD-X datasets that span up to 20 unique
domains and ZS-ToD outperforms state-of-the-art systems on key metrics, with an
improvement of +17% on joint goal accuracy and +5 on inform. Additionally, we
present a detailed ablation study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed components and training mechanis
Particle-Number Projected Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Study with Effective Shell Model Interactions
We perform particle-number projected mean-field study using the recently
developed symmetry-projected Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) equations. Realistic
calculations have been performed in sd- and fp-shell nuclei using the shell
model empirical intearctions, USD and GXPFIA. It is demonstrated that the
mean-field results for energy surfaces, obtained with these shell model
interactions, are quite similar to those obtained using the density functional
approaches. Further, it is shown that particle-number projected results, for
neutron rich isotopes, can lead to different ground-state shapes in comparison
to the bare HFB calculations.Comment: 10 page
Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome-rare complication of dapsone therapy
Among several other adverse effects of dapsone therapy, dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome is extremely rare but most life-threatening complication. Here we report a case of severe dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in a 27-year-old female student diagnosed as immune thrombocytopenic purpura on dapsone therapy who was admitted with remittent fever, lymphadenopathy and skin rash and was managed successfully with drug withdrawal and systemic glucocorticoid therapy. The idea of reporting this case is to recognise the rare potentially life threatening adverse effect of dapsone therapy, its timely diagnosis and favourable outcome with systemic glucocorticoid therapy
Reduction and alkylation of 1,3-oxathiolan-5-ones as a route to alpha-mercaptoaldehydes.
Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1983 .S544. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1983
Investigation of structural and optoelectronic properties of BaThO3
Structural and optoelectronic properties of BaThO3 cubic perovskite are
calculated using all electrons full potential linearized augmented plane wave
(FP-LAPW) method. Wide and direct band gap, 5.7 eV, of the compound predicts
that it can be effectively used in UV based optoelectronic devices. Different
characteristic peaks in the wide UV range emerges mainly due to the transition
of electrons between valance band state O-p and conduction band states Ba-d,
Ba-f, Th-f and Th-d.Comment: 20 pages and 7 figure
A Wearable Skin Stretch Haptic Feedback Device: Towards Improving Balance Control in Lower Limb Amputees
Haptic feedback to lower limb amputees is essential to maximize the functionality of a prosthetic device by providing information to the user about the interaction with the environment and the position of the prostheses in space. Severed sensory pathway and the absence of connection between the prosthesis and the Central Nervous System (CNS) after lower limb amputation reduces balance control, increases visual dependency and increases risk of falls among amputees. This work describes the design of a wearable haptic feedback device for lower limb amputees using lateral skin-stretch modality intended to serve as a feedback cue during ambulation. A feedback scheme was proposed based on gait event detection for possible real-time postural adjustment. Preliminary perceptual test with healthy subjects in static condition was carried out and the results indicated over 98% accuracy in determining stimuli location around the upper leg region, suggesting good perceptibility of the delivered stimuli
Real-time gait event detection using a miniature gyroscope to improve rehabilitation for artificial lower limb users
This paper presents a simple heuristic rule based on real-time gait event detection algorithm for transfemoral amputees based on gyroscope signal and validate with footswitches for ramp activities with different inclinatio
Personalizing Task-oriented Dialog Systems via Zero-shot Generalizable Reward Function
Task-oriented dialog systems enable users to accomplish tasks using natural
language. State-of-the-art systems respond to users in the same way regardless
of their personalities, although personalizing dialogues can lead to higher
levels of adoption and better user experiences. Building personalized dialog
systems is an important, yet challenging endeavor and only a handful of works
took on the challenge. Most existing works rely on supervised learning
approaches and require laborious and expensive labeled training data for each
user profile. Additionally, collecting and labeling data for each user profile
is virtually impossible. In this work, we propose a novel framework, P-ToD, to
personalize task-oriented dialog systems capable of adapting to a wide range of
user profiles in an unsupervised fashion using a zero-shot generalizable reward
function. P-ToD uses a pre-trained GPT-2 as a backbone model and works in three
phases. Phase one performs task-specific training. Phase two kicks off
unsupervised personalization by leveraging the proximal policy optimization
algorithm that performs policy gradients guided by the zero-shot generalizable
reward function. Our novel reward function can quantify the quality of the
generated responses even for unseen profiles. The optional final phase
fine-tunes the personalized model using a few labeled training examples. We
conduct extensive experimental analysis using the personalized bAbI dialogue
benchmark for five tasks and up to 180 diverse user profiles. The experimental
results demonstrate that P-ToD, even when it had access to zero labeled
examples, outperforms state-of-the-art supervised personalization models and
achieves competitive performance on BLEU and ROUGE metrics when compared to a
strong fully-supervised GPT-2 baselineComment: 11 pages, 4 tables, 31st ACM International Conference on Information
and Knowledge Management (CIKM'22
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