To determine the role and importance of marketing research in the development of tourist routes

The article examines the role and importance of marketing research in the development of tourist routes in our country

Shafts of technological machines with combined supports

This article discusses experimental studies of a saw cylinder (SC) composite shaft with combined support. We proposed a new design of the support that provides a reduction in the shaft. The article considers the influence of changing the parameters of the elastic element of the support of the composite shaft (CS) of the SC using the ANSYS software, calculates and analyzes the reaction forces of the supports for different parameters of the elastic elements, and also considers the effect on the stresses of the system, as well as the results of experimental and comparative tests in production conditions on the SC of the cotton gin machines with a composite bearing, where the parameters of the elastic element differ from each other by different elasticity. The fiberization process took place according to the established technological parameters. The experimental and standard SC models were compared during the experiment

Effect of triazavirine on the outcome of a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza in mice

Pneumonia often occurs as secondary infection post influenza disease and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The antiviral drug triazavirine is licensed in Russia for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory infections, including influenza A and B viruses. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of triazavirine in a mouse model of secondary Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia following A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus infection. We also performed a study of the efficacy of triazavirine against the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 lethal influenza infection in mice. In this model, triazavirine at the dose of 25 mg/kg/day significantly enhanced the survival of animals (60% compared to 20%) and the mean survival time to death, prevented weight loss, and reduced viral titer in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus. At doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, triazavirine was highly effective in the treatment of the secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza infection in mice. At these doses, triazavirine protected 67-75% of animals against death, increased the mean survival time to death by twofold, and reduced the virus titer by 2.2-3.0 log10TCID50/ml compared to the mice in the control group. These findings suggest the possible benefit of triazavirine treatment in reducing post influenza pneumonia incidence in humans.Pneumonia often occurs as secondary infection post influenza disease and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The antiviral drug triazavirine is licensed in Russia for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory infections, including influenza A and B viruses. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of triazavirine in a mouse model of secondary Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia following A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus infection. We also performed a study of the efficacy of triazavirine against the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 lethal influenza infection in mice. In this model, triazavirine at the dose of 25 mg/kg/day significantly enhanced the survival of animals (60% compared to 20%) and the mean survival time to death, prevented weight loss, and reduced viral titer in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus. At doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, triazavirine was highly effective in the treatment of the secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza infection in mice. At these doses, triazavirine protected 67-75% of animals against death, increased the mean survival time to death by twofold, and reduced the virus titer by 2.2-3.0 log10TCID50/ml compared to the mice in the control group. These findings suggest the possible benefit of triazavirine treatment in reducing post influenza pneumonia incidence in humans

EFFECTIVE METHOD OF TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN OUT-PATIENT CONDITIONS

In findings was established, Klast, which applied once per day-specific antagonist of leukotriene receptor, is effective in treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. Klast is well tolerated, its safety profile was generally similar a bread pill. The results received by us coincide with the results of application of a montelukast, established in researches and confirm them. Results of the real research allow considering that Klast can become an effective method of a choice among the existing approaches to therapy of bronchial asthma in general.In findings was established, Klast, which applied once per day-specific antagonist of leukotriene receptor, is effective in treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. Klast is well tolerated, its safety profile was generally similar a bread pill. The results received by us coincide with the results of application of a montelukast, established in researches and confirm them. Results of the real research allow considering that Klast can become an effective method of a choice among the existing approaches to therapy of bronchial asthma in general

Development of technological process of cotton cellulose production and evaluation of experimental results

In the course of this study, the technology of bleaching of cotton pulp for various purposes has been improved, which can be used in the production of cotton pulp by "Khlopoprom-Cellulose" LLP and other enterprises to increase the production efficiency and competitiveness of the products obtained. The proposed development makes it possible to obtain cellulose with a high degree of polymerization and whiteness, as well as to solve the problem of stabilization and high decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide in the technological cycle. The bleached cellulose meets the requirements of GOST (State Standard) 595-79 "Cotton cellulose" and has an average degree of whiteness of 90%, which is 5-6% higher than the samples of cotton cellulose bleached without the use of a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer

Extragenital diseases in pregnant women of different age groups in Dagestan

In recent time the tendency to increase of a frequency of extragenital deseases among pregnant women ,that is associated with the deterioration of the general health, is observed. A comparative analysis of hospital morbidity in pregnant woman living in Dagestan in 15-49 years old with extragenital diseases was conducted. A proportion of women with extragenital pathology among hospitalized women is 25.4%. A share of blood diseases in the structure of extragenital diseases is 52%, diseases of the digestive system – 14.5%, especially among women of active reproductive age (20-29 years old). Therefore, the extragenital patology can cause a development of various obstetric complications and contributes to the deterioration of women's reproductive health and a violation of the reproduction’s processes.В последнее время наблюдается тенденция к увеличению частоты экстрагенитальных заболеваний у беременных, что связывают с ухудшением общего здоровья женщин. Наличие патологического течения беременности в 60-70% обусловлено скрытой или хронической экстрагенитальной патологией. Проведен сравнительный анализ госпитальной заболеваемости 2173 беременных женщин в возрасте 15-49 лет, проживающих в республике дагестан, на предмет наличия экстрагенитальных болезней. доля женщин с экстрагенитальной патологией среди госпитализируемых составляет 25,4%. Наибольший удельный вес в структуре экстрагенитальных заболеваний имеют болезни крови (52%) и заболевания органов пищеварения (14,5%), особенно у женщин активного репродуктивного возраста (20-29 лет). таким образом, экстрагенитальная патология может обусловить развитие различных акушерских осложнений и способствовать ухудшению репродуктивного здоровья женщин, вызывая нарушение процессов воспроизводства

The effect of the age of a pregnant woman on the health of a newborn

The purpose: an estimation of age features of the pregnant woman and health of their children in families of the Dagestan population. Material and methods. The work analyzes data on 491 newborns born in Makhachkala in 2016, women aged 15 to 49 years. The results of the study showed that the high marks of newborn boys on Apgar scale are observed in women aged 20-24 and 35-39 years, the lowest - at the age of 15-20 years. The Apgar scores increase with the age of women from 20 to 44 years. Girls are born with a higher level of adaptation to the environment than boys. In the Dagestan population, women are mainly fed breast milk for boys longer than 1 year after 3-4 births. The conclusion. The duration of feeding of girls by breast milk to women aged 15-19 years is on average 4,5 months, and at the age of 40-44 years -11,3 months. On average, the weight of boys at birth tends to increase with age of the woman and the number of births.Цель: оценка возрастных особенностей беременной женщины и здоровья их детей в семьях дагестанской популяции. Материал и методы. В работе проведен анализ данных о 491 новорожденном, рожденном в г. Махачкале в 2016 году, женщинами в возрасте от 15 до 49 лет. Результаты исследования показали, что высокие баллы новорожденных мальчиков по шкале Апгар наблюдаются у женщин в возрасте 20-24 и 35-39 лет, самые низкие - в возрасте 15-20 лет. Сумма баллов по шкале Апгар увеличивается по мере возрастания возраста женщин от 20 до 44 лет. Девочки рождаются с более высоким уровнем адаптации к окружающей среде, нежели мальчики. В дагестанской популяции женщины в основном кормят грудным молоком мальчиков дольше 1 года после 3-4-х родов. Заключение. Продолжительность кормления девочек грудным молоком женщинами в возрасте 15-19 лет в среднем составляет 4,5 месяца, а в возрасте 40-44 лет -11,3 месяца. В среднем вес мальчиков при рождении имеет тенденцию к росту по мере увеличения возраста женщины и числа родов

Influenza virus infection and postviral bacterial pneumonia pathogenesis induced by different subtypes of influenza virus in mice

Secondary bacterial infections after influenza virus infection further increase morbidity and mortality due to influenza. Despite of seasonal influenza vaccination, antiviral drugs and antibiotics are widely used in viral/bacterial pneumonia therapy. Therefore, further comprehensive study of the infection pathogenesis is relevant. Murine models for influenza virus infection were reproduced with different virus subtypes A/California/04/2009MA (pandemic H1N1 2009), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/69 (H3N2), Anadyr/177/2009 (H1N1) and for post-influenza bacterial pneumonia caused by the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. After the infection occurs, its pathogenic features were detected by daily monitoring the mortality (survival) and morbidity rate (body weight loss) and, in addition, viral pathogenesis also was evaluated by assessing virus replication (viral titer) and humoral immune responses (production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in respiratory tract of infected mice including during antiviral (oseltamivir) and antibacterial (cefuroxime) therapy. Mortality and virus titer in the infected mice did not differ significantly between the groups of different influenza A virus subtypes. However, production of cytokines (IL-10, IFNg, TNFa) and weight gain proved to be different. Mortality of the mice reached 100% after secondary bacterial infection, whereas IFNg and TNFa levels in mice lung increased reached maximal values in the treated groups. Viral subtype A/California/04/2009MA of influenza A was most pathogenic in mouse model of secondary bacterial pneumonia. Antiviral and antibacterial treatment caused a decrease in mortality, reduced viral titers in lungs, and retain body weight gain of mice. According to these points, the treatment groups did not significantly differ from each other. At the same time, it should be noted that the cytokine production significantly decreased in the treated groups, and IL-10 and IFNg levels in lungs were different, that may be due to therapeutic mechanisms of these drugs. Thus, antiviral therapy for influenza infection and combination therapy for viralbacterial pneumonia can be an effective tool to reduce mortality of influenza

Production and hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cements derived from aluminium anodising sludge

Calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cement (CSAB) offers lower CO2 emissions in its production, compared with Portland cement. However, for the production of CSAB a high amount of alumina is required, and the scarcity and high cost of high-purity bauxite make these cements costly at present. In this study, the use of uncalcined aluminium anodising sludge (AAS) as the main source of alumina to produce CSAB clinkers, replacing bauxite, was assessed. The CSAB clinkers produced were mainly composed of ye’elimite and belite, along with minor traces of alite, and/or brownmillerite, depending on the alumina source. Clinkers derived from AAS as a source of aluminium showed a lower content of ye’elimite (35.5%), as well as the formation of alite (8.2%) when compared to a reference clinker produced with reagent-grade materials. Comparable hydration products were identified in the hydrated cements independent of the alumina source used. The use of AAS to produce CSAB cement was proven to be technically feasible, and the cement thus produced has desirable technical characteristics, presenting high mechanical strength (>40 MPa in paste samples)