Correction to: The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy.

The article The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy, written by Mendel Kaelen, Bruna Giribaldi, Jordan Raine, Lisa Evans, Christopher Timmerman, Natalie Rodriguez, Leor Roseman, Amanda Feilding, David Nutt, Robin Carhart-Harris, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal

Mechanism of Magainin 2a Induced Permeabilization of Phospholipid Vesicles

The magainins, peptide antibiotics secreted by the frog Xenopus laevis, have previously been shown to permeabilize phospholipid vesicles. To elucidate the mechanism of permeabilization, we have conducted detailed kinetic studies of magainin 2 amide (mgn2a)hduced release of 6-carboxyfluorescein from vesicles of phosphatidylserine. The results show that dye release occurs in (at least) two stages-an initial rapid phase, with t1/2 ≈ 3 s, followed by a much slower phase that approaches zero leakage rate before all the dye is released. Light-scattering studies showed that mgn2a does not cause gross changes in vesicle structure. The peptide was found to rapidly equilibrate between vesicles; this was demonstrated by determining a binding isotherm for the peptidelipid interaction, and by showing that addition of unloaded vesicles rapidly quenches peptide-induced leakage from loaded vesicles. Transient dye release in the presence of an equilibrating peptide can be explained in two ways: (1) the peptide exists only transiently in an active form; (2) the vesicles are only transiently leaky. Preincubation of mgn2a at assay concentrations in buffer alone or with unloaded vesicles did not inactivate the peptide. Therefore, rapid leakage is probably due to transient destabilization of the vesicle upon addition of mgn2a

Mechanism of Magainin 2a Induced Permeabilization of Phospholipid Vesicles

The magainins, peptide antibiotics secreted by the frog Xenopus laevis, have previously been shown to permeabilize phospholipid vesicles. To elucidate the mechanism of permeabilization, we have conducted detailed kinetic studies of magainin 2 amide (mgn2a)hduced release of 6-carboxyfluorescein from vesicles of phosphatidylserine. The results show that dye release occurs in (at least) two stages-an initial rapid phase, with t1/2 ≈ 3 s, followed by a much slower phase that approaches zero leakage rate before all the dye is released. Light-scattering studies showed that mgn2a does not cause gross changes in vesicle structure. The peptide was found to rapidly equilibrate between vesicles; this was demonstrated by determining a binding isotherm for the peptidelipid interaction, and by showing that addition of unloaded vesicles rapidly quenches peptide-induced leakage from loaded vesicles. Transient dye release in the presence of an equilibrating peptide can be explained in two ways: (1) the peptide exists only transiently in an active form; (2) the vesicles are only transiently leaky. Preincubation of mgn2a at assay concentrations in buffer alone or with unloaded vesicles did not inactivate the peptide. Therefore, rapid leakage is probably due to transient destabilization of the vesicle upon addition of mgn2a

Origin of Native Driving Force in Protein Folding

We derive an expression with four adjustable parameters that reproduces well the 20x20 Miyazawa-Jernigan potential matrix extracted from known protein structures. The numerical values of the parameters can be approximately computed from the surface tension of water, water-screened dipole interactions between residues and water and among residues, and average exposures of residues in folded proteins.Comment: LaTeX file, Postscript file; 4 pages, 1 figure (mij.eps), 2 table

Effects of classic psychedelic drugs on turbulent signatures in brain dynamics

Psychedelic drugs show promise as safe and effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, yet their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. A fundamental hypothesis is that psychedelics work by dose-dependently changing the functional hierarchy of brain dynamics, but it is unclear whether different psychedelics act similarly. Here, we investigated the changes in the brain’s functional hierarchy associated with two different psychedelics (LSD and psilocybin). Using a novel turbulence framework, we were able to determine the vorticity, that is, the local level of synchronization, that allowed us to extend the standard global time-based measure of metastability to become a local-based measure of both space and time. This framework produced detailed signatures of turbulence-based hierarchical change for each psychedelic drug, revealing consistent and discriminate effects on a higher level network, that is, the default mode network. Overall, our findings directly support a prior hypothesis that psychedelics modulate (i.e., “compress”) the functional hierarchy and provide a quantification of these changes for two different psychedelics. Implications for therapeutic applications of psychedelics are discussed

Two-Dimensional Echocardiography Estimates of Fetal Ventricular Mass throughout Gestation.

BACKGROUND: Two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound quality has improved in recent years. Quantification of cardiac dimensions is important to screen and monitor certain fetal conditions. We assessed the feasibility and reproducibility of fetal ventricular measures using 2D echocardiography, reported normal ranges in our cohort, and compared estimates to other modalities. METHODS: Mass and end-diastolic volume were estimated by manual contouring in the four-chamber view using TomTec Image Arena 4.6 in end diastole. Nomograms were created from smoothed centiles of measures, constructed using fractional polynomials after log transformation. The results were compared to those of previous studies using other modalities. RESULTS: A total of 294 scans from 146 fetuses from 15+0 to 41+6 weeks of gestation were included. Seven percent of scans were unanalysable and intraobserver variability was good (intraclass correlation coefficients for left and right ventricular mass 0.97 [0.87-0.99] and 0.99 [0.95-1.0], respectively). Mass and volume increased exponentially, showing good agreement with 3D mass estimates up to 28 weeks of gestation, after which our measurements were in better agreement with neonatal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. There was good agreement with 4D volume estimates for the left ventricle. CONCLUSION: Current state-of-the-art 2D echocardiography platforms provide accurate, feasible, and reproducible fetal ventricular measures across gestation, and in certain circumstances may be the modality of choice

The future of enterprise groupware applications

This paper provides a review of groupware technology and products. The purpose of this review is to investigate the appropriateness of current groupware technology as the basis for future enterprise systems and evaluate its role in realising, the currently emerging, Virtual Enterprise model for business organisation. It also identifies in which way current technological phenomena will transform groupware technology and will drive the development of the enterprise systems of the future

A scientific basis for restoring fish spawning habitat in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers of the Laurentian Great Lakes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110848/1/rec12159.pd

Effects of External Stimulation on Psychedelic State Neurodynamics

Recent findings have shown that psychedelics reliably enhance brain entropy (understood as neural signal diversity), and this effect has been associated with both acute and long-term psychological outcomes, such as personality changes. These findings are particularly intriguing, given that a decrease of brain entropy is a robust indicator of loss of consciousness (e.g., from wakefulness to sleep). However, little is known about how context impacts the entropy-enhancing effect of psychedelics, which carries important implications for how it can be exploited in, for example, psychedelic psychotherapy. This article investigates how brain entropy is modulated by stimulus manipulation during a psychedelic experience by studying participants under the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or placebo, either with gross state changes (eyes closed vs open) or different stimuli (no stimulus vs music vs video). Results show that while brain entropy increases with LSD under all of the experimental conditions, it exhibits the largest changes when subjects have their eyes closed. Furthermore, brain entropy changes are consistently associated with subjective ratings of the psychedelic experience, but this relationship is disrupted when participants are viewing a video─potentially due to a "competition" between external stimuli and endogenous LSD-induced imagery. Taken together, our findings provide strong quantitative evidence of the role of context in modulating neural dynamics during a psychedelic experience, underlining the importance of performing psychedelic psychotherapy in a suitable environment